Journal of Dentomaxillofacil Radiology, Pathology and Surgery
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Spring and Summer 2019

Today changing health care and medical curriculum has made computer-assisted learning more valuable than before. In fact, currently the increasing availability of accessing suitable hardware and software for Electronic-learning has provided a new horizon for educational institutes. This study evaluated the effects of multimedia and lecture on learning the color recognition and aesthetic course in dental students.

The present study was an Quasi-experimental study which consisted of 46 undergraduate students in sixth semester at the school of dentistry of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was based on the total population of the study. The students were randomly selected and divided into two groups: the experimental (n = 26) and control groups (n = 20). The multimedia and lecture methods were used in the experimental and control group.

There was a significant relationship between pre-test and post-test scores in both experimental and control groups (P≤0.001). Independent t-test was used to compare the pre-test score between the control and experimental groups and the post-test score between these groups. There was no significant relationship between the pre-test scores as well as the post-test scores in the two groups (P> 0.05).

Considering the inevitable use of technology and computers in teaching students and as well as the strengths and weaknesses of electronic methods and lectures in the classroom, it is suggested to use a combination of electronic methods and lectures for teaching students.

Due to various reasons, pain during orthodontic treatment is an unpleasant experience which might lead to treatment discontinuing. This study evaluated the relationship between the severity of tooth crowding with the pain intensity at the beginning of orthodontic treatment in the dental school of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

In the present cross-sectional/analytical study, the severity of crowding was categorized into mild, moderate and severe. The questionnaires were distributed among the subjects at 1-, 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 72- and 96-hours postoperative intervals, and data were analyzed with SPSS 24.

sixty subjects including 23 males and 37 females were evaluated. Thirty subjects were >21 and 30 were <21 years of age. The mean score of pain at 1-hour interval was reported to be 1.35, which increased significantly during the first 12 hours (3.5). The intensity of pain began to decrease significantly after the third day (P<0.05). Females and subjects <21 years of age higher pain intensity were reported. Also, pain was more severe in subjects with severe crowding compared to those with moderate and severe crowding, with no significant differences (P>0.05).

The results of the present study showed that pain perception at young ages was more severe than that at older ages. Pain during orthodontic treatment reaches a maximum after 12 hours, remains constant for some hours and decreases from the third day on, Although the pain severity was not significantly different in various degrees of crowding.

Continued use of chemical agents to reduce the levels of tooth decay bacteria has adverse effects; hence, numerous recent studies have replaced conventional chemicals with plant-derived agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Vitis vinifera seed extracts on Streptococcus mutans and sobrinus bacteria.

In this descriptive experimental study, the Vitis vinifera seeds were dried, the obtaining powder was poured into separate dishes to prepare aqueous, alcoholic and acetone extracts and the desired solvents were added. After being placed in the shaker incubator and passing through the filter paper, the solvents were transferred to the plates and placed in the oven to evaporate.
 

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extract was 8 μg/ml for Streptococcus mutans and 2 μg/ml for Streptococcus sobrinus bacteria. Alcoholic and acetone extracts were not able to inhibit bacterial growth at initial concentrations. Therefore, the higher concentrations were evaluated, but none of them was effective.

The aqueous extract of Vitis vinifera seeds was the only one which  inhibited bacterial growth, and the alcoholic and acetone extracts had no antibacterial effect.

Malignant Lymphoma of the Head & neck (oral cavity or buccal mucosa) is uncommon and of the tongue fewer. Commensal bacteria and fungi that may become pathogenic often colonize the oral cavity and cause severe problems in people with cancer and immunocompromised. We describe a 76-year-old man with a history of dysphagia and a bulk lesion from his base of the tongue that was diagnosed as diffuse B cell lymphoma. He was followed up with Doxorubicin, Rituximab, Vincristine sulfate and radiotherapy.  However, oral lymphoma of the tongue is very uncommon and it should be review in the differential assessment of numerous malignant lesions in this region. Due to weakened immune system and susceptible to infection in cancer patients, attention to opportunistic microorganisms, especially fungi that cause severe problems in cancer patients, can help them to choose better treatment. Fungal culture from new samples and genotyping of microorganisms along with Immunohistochemistry of biopsy can monitor treatment and clinical follow-up.

Nowadays, there is a remarkably increase of the interest of Candida Albicans studies mainly because of its relation with potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. In the present study we aim to reveal if there are any differences between these lesions or not.

Totally 72 patient consist of 23 leukoplakia, 18 oral lichen planus, 13 well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WSCC), 13 moderate squamous cell carcinoma (MSCC) and 5 undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma were included in this cross-sectional analytical study. These samples were then gone under PAS staining and statistically analyze with Mann Whitney, Chi-square (p˂0.05).

The results showed significantly differences between dysplastic and non-dysplastic epithelium (P=0.008), but there are no statistically significant differences between various degrees of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (P=0.26), even though there were differences.

The present results confirms the previous studies on the correlation between malignant lesions and the presence of fungi hyphae, but further studies are needed.

Gonial angle (GA) is one of the essential angles that is used in orthodontic treatment plans. It is often evaluated by lateral cephalometry, but because of its overlap of right and left structures, a lack of different magnifications on two sides, and strength of panoramic radiography in angular measurements, it was decided to compare panoramic radiography and lateral cephalometry for determining GA in patients referring to dental clinic of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) in 2017 and 2018.

The study samples included Lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs of 391 patients (215 females and 176 males) with an age range of 6-40 years. In both methods, GA was determined based on two tangents drawn from the inferior border of the mandible and posterior borders of condyle and ramus of both sides. The values of the studied parameters were compared using paired t-test.

The mean value of the GA in lateral cephalogram was 119.07°±7.88° and the mean value of GA in panoramic radiography was 116.36°±8.20°. The difference of GA measurement between the two methods was statistically significant. Moreover, a similar significance was observed in the measured GA with respect to gender and skeletal classifications.

The difference of GA measurements obtained from lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs were found to be statistically significant. Thus, panoramic radiography would not be an alternative for lateral cephalometry in determining GA and it is suggested to be used only for the preliminary diagnosis.

Third molars  are the last teeth to grow and require more attention in the oral cavity because they can leave pathological effects. Considering the controversy clinical decisions about asymptomatic third molars, dentists' lack of attention to over third molars developed during therapeutic recommendations for patients, and limited evidence about the effects of asymptomatic third molars on adjacent teeth, the purpose of this study was an assessment of the effect of asymptomatic erupted third molar on periodontal status and a distal caries of the adjacent second molar.

In this cross-sectional study, the distal caries of second molars as examined using panoramic radiography, clinical examination and periodontal parameters including plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in 134 jaw quadrants patients. The patients were divided into two groups of asymptomatic erupted third molars and without erupted third molars. The independent samples t-test was used to compare periodontal parameters between the two groups while chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of caries.

In periodontal parameters evaluation in mandible, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in third molar group were higher than in without third molar group, whereas in maxilla all periodontal parameters in third molar group were higher than without third molar group. In the caries evaluation, both maxillary and mandibular distal caries of the second molar were significantly higher in the third molar group than in the without third molar group.

Erupted third molars increase the risk of periodontal disease and distal caries in the adjacent second molars, and dentists should be particularly attentive to the third molars in examination sessions.

 Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with the destruction of tooth supporting structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green tea mouthwash compared to chlorohexidine (CHX) mouthwash, as adjuncts to scaling and root planning (SRP), on clinical parameters of subjects with chronic periodontitis.

A double-blinded randomized clinical trial was carried out on 40 patients with moderate generalized chronic periodontitis who were randomly allocated to two groups. Following SRP, one group was treated with 0.2% CHX mouthwash and the other group was treated with 0.05% green tea mouthwash for 3 weeks. The clinical parameters; BOP, PI, GI, CAL and PD were recorded at baseline, 7th day, and 21st day. The data obtained was statistically analysed by SPSS version 24 using Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Levon's test, Repeated measures with Sphericity Assumed, Independent t-test and Bonferroni were used for analysis. Also, p<0/05 is considered significant.

CHX and green tea mouthwash had significantly decreased PD, GI, PI and BOP in 1st week and in 3rd week. However, the difference of PD, GI and PI at baseline and in 1st week between CHX and green tea group was not significant while after 3 weeks, the difference was significant. Comparison of BOP among green tea and CHX group showed significant difference in 1st week and 3rd week.

Green tea as a mouthwash is more effective compared to CHX mouthwash and is an appropriate adjunctive measure in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Treatment planning for a patient with worn dentition and systemic disorder needs to assess different aspects of patient’s oral condition and life. This study presents prosthetic reconstruction approach of a patient with worn dentition using metal ceramic restorations, and removable partial denture. It showed that a simple and low cost but careful treatment planning may results in improved patient’s quality of life.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases caused by environmental and genetic factors. The development of diabetes affects all organs of the body. Oral complications of diabetes cause discomfort and dissatisfaction for affected patients. In this study, we aimed to compare the prevalence of oral lesions between patients and healthy persons.

In this study, complete oral examinations were performed to detect and record any type of oral lesion in 37 diabetic patients and 41 healthy individuals. The prevalence of each lesion was determined separately, and then overall prevalence of lesions was documented to analyze groups by mann-whitney & Friedman test and chi-square test by spss21.

Median-rhomboid glossitis, oral candidiasis, angular cheilitis, burning mouth, fissured tongue, geographic tongue and dry mouth were higher in the diabetic group; but only burning mouth and dry mouth were significantly higher. The prevalence of total oral lesions was significantly higher in the diabetic group (94.6%) than in the healthy group (65.9%) (p= 0.002).

The high prevalence of oral lesions in diabetic patients indicates that screening of at risk patients; and monitoring of affected patients is very important, and dentists can play a critical role.

While performing a tooth extraction surgery, removal of implants with incorrect orientation, or sinus lift choosing the best source of graft is always facing a challenge. Various options are available for obtaining grafts to reconstruct the defects. To make the wise choice in each case we should follow these questions:Is autogenic grafts still the gold standard? What are the benefits of intra-oral grafts in comparison with extra-oral ones? Between all different available intra-oral sources, which one is of great advantage for the patient? Is there a clear and certain protocol to select the donor site? What are the new and innovative techniques carried out as case reports recently to highlight the less-paid attention sites? To find the answers, a review of systematic reviews and case reports published in the PUBMED database from 2001 to 2017 was performed. By reviewing articles introduced characteristics of different sources and surgical techniques, we can conclude there is a more or less specific protocol to guide the surgeons to select the best donor site in each case.

The implant-supported removable partial dentures should be an alternative to conventional removable partial dentures and implant-supported fixed partial prostheses when the implant’s insertion is confined by bone height and thickness. Placing a single implant in the posterior region would modify the Kennedy Class II configuration to a Kennedy Class III and increase the stability and retention of the prosthesis. The present report describes the clinical techniques of implant-supported RPDs (ISRPDs) in a Kennedy Class II patient.