Journal of Dentomaxillofacil Radiology, Pathology and Surgery
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Autumn 2019

Congenital missing of maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars are one of the most common developmental dental anomalies that can affect patient’s function and aesthetics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of congenital missing of lateral maxillary teeth and second mandibular premolars in patients referred to the Dental Faculty of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in a 5-year period.

In this study, 1054 panoramic radiographs from 9-to-14- year-old patients (476 males and 578 females) were evaluated for the congenital missing of lateral maxillary incisors and mandibular second premolars. The data collected were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis, Mann- Whitney, Fisher Exact and Chi-square tests.

Among 1054 panoramic radiographs, 75 cases indicated missing of maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular second premolar (7.1%). The prevalence of congenital missing of second mandibular premolar was higher in females compared to males, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.012), however the missing of upper lateral incisors did not show the same sex tendencies (P=0.294). There was no significant relationship between the distribution of congenital missing of maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars with the incidence side (P=0.330, P=0.197 respectively), also no significant difference was detected between the unilateral or bilateral occurrence of missing (P=0.689, P=0.617).

since the lack of teeth causes serious problems in aesthetic and function, frequent examination of children for early detection seems necessary.

Despite the merits of glass ionomer cements (GICs), they suffer from weak mechanical properties such as low wear resistance. In this study, the mechanical properties of GICs after incorporating chitosan and nano-hydroxyapatite was investigated. The samples were prepared in four groups, including non-modified GIGs (NMGIC, n = 5), chitosan incorporated GICs (CHGIC, n = 5), nano-hydroxyapatite incorporated GICs (nanoHAGIC, n = 5), and chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite incorporated GICs (CH/nanoHA/GICs, n = 5). Long-term Vickers microhardness (VH) and wear rate of the samples after immersion in artificial saliva were measured. The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffé's test (P < 0.05). Moreover, the microstructure of the samples was investigated via scanning electron microscopy. After 1 hour, the VH values of CH/nanoHA/GICs and CH/GICs were greater than nanoHA/GICs and non-modified GICs (p<0.001). However, there were no statistical differences among VH values of all groups after 11 weeks (p>0.05). Based on the wear tests, adding nanoHA or CH to GICs increased their wear rates, while introducing both of them decreased weight loss of GICs. Within the limitations of the present study, introducing both nanoHA and CH to GIC enhances GIC’s microhardness and wear resistance. Consequently, the addition of nanoHA and CH is a promising approach for improving mechanical properties of GICs.

This study aimed to assess tooth discoloration at 6 months following the use of 5% fluoride varnish (Duraflur), AH 26, zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)-based sealer and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based sealer in extracted premolars.

In this in vitro, experimental study, 75 freshly-extracted human premolars with completely formed roots underwent root canal treatment. AH 26, 5% fluoride varnish (Duraflur), Endofill and MTA Fillapex were applied in the canals along with gutta-percha in groups 1 to 4 (n=15). No sealer was used in the control group (n=15). The color parameters and color change (ΔE) of tooth crowns were assessed immediately after filling (T1) and at 3 and 6 months, postoperatively using a spectrophotometer.

MTA Fillapex (6.16±3.72) and Endofill (1.93±4.70) yielded the highest and the lowest ΔE, respectively at 3 months. Endofill (7.07±2.60) and MTA Fillapex (7.00±3.40) yielded the maximum and fluoride varnish (6.54±1.33) and AH 26 (5.76±2) yielded the minimum ΔE at 6 months.

Tooth discoloration caused by the use of 5% fluoride varnish as endodontic sealer was comparable to that of MTA Fillapex and less than that of Endofill and AH 26.

Pain is one of the most important factors affecting patients' fear and anxiety in dental appointments. The aim of current study is to evaluate the pain experienced by patients before, during and after endodontic treatment.

This descriptive longitudinal study was performed on 100 patients aged 18-60 years old who referred to the department of endodontics of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Age, gender, type of teeth and arch, pulpal condition, periapical status, and pre-treatment pain were recorded. The pain experienced during and 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours after Root Canal Therapy (RCT) was measured using VAS. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0.
 

The prevalence of post-operative pain in first 6 hours post treatment was 49%. The factors that significantly influenced patients’ pain were age (p=0.005) and pulp vitality (p =0.021 before treatment, p=0.001 during treatment).

Age had a significant reverse relation with Post-operative Pain (POP) in vital teeth but it was not significant in non-vital teeth. Gender, type of teeth and arch, peri-apical status had no statistically significant relation with POP. Pain in vital teeth was significantly higher compared to non-vital teeth before and during RCT but not after treatment.

Parents play an important role in the management of a child patient during dental visit. There is a debate on parental presence in the dentistry operation room .This study aimed to assess the effect of parental presence on the anxiety and behavior of the children.

This study was conducted on ninety five 4-7-year-old children. The parents were asked to complete Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to pre-assess the child’s mental health status and behavioral pattern. Children were treated in two sessions: with the presence of parents (A) and without parents (B). The highest heart rate during injection and drilling was recorded using a finger pulse oxymeter and child's behavior was assessed based on Frankl Index by pedodontist.

According to SDQ questionnaire, 80% of children had no behavioral disorders, 12.6% were border line and 7.4% had behavioral disorders. The changes of heart rate and Frankl Index in children without behavioral disorders and border line was significant but in children with behavioral disorders was not significant. Children who had their parents outside the operatory exhibited higher heart rate and less cooperation than those whose parents were present. Wilcoxon test was performed for the statistical analysis.

The results of this study suggest that the presence of the parent in the operatory reduces anxiety and enhances the cooperation level of children.

Hormonal changes during pregnancy are along with oral changes such as pregnancy gingivitis, halitosis, pregnancy tumor and teeth erosion. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence of these oral changes in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

In this observational, analytic, case-control study, 124 pregnant women and 124 non-pregnant women referred to Al-zahra hospital, Rasht, Iran, were examined. Age, education, number of pregnancy and pregnant status of patients were recorded. Also, gingival index, plaque index, halitosis, pregnancy tumor, erosion and geographic tongue were assessed and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22. Data were analyzed using the Chi square and Mann-Whitney tests with P < 0.05 considered significant.
 

No statistical relation was found between age and pregnancy status. (P=0.085) Also, the relation of education and pregnancy status was not statistically significant. (P=0.49) Plaque index, gingival index and halitosis were significantly different between pregnant and non-pregnant women. (P=0.018, P=0.001 and P=0.0001 respectively) However, pregnancy tumor, erosion and geographic tongue were not significantly different based on pregnancy status. (P=0.65, P= 0.758 and P=0.23)

During pregnancy, occurrence of gingival inflammation and halitosis increases based on the current study. It should be noted that better oral hygiene is of benefits for pregnant patients, offering them comfort, function and aesthetics.

The aim of this review study is to increase information about dentin hypersensitivity, its etiology and treatments. For data collection we used PUBMED to find relevant articles. Then using the obtained articles and relevant text books, we attempted to sort this information according to etiology, prevalence and available treatment options.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of preheating on composite resins’ mechanical and physical properties. Preheating of composite resins positively affects the degree of conversion, viscosity, microleakage, marginal adaptation, microhardness and color change however, the flexural strength is adversely affected.