مجله تعالی بالینی
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 25، بهار 1399)

Life expectancy of people with immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has improved due to the emergence of antiretroviral therapy. As a result, these individuals may encounter a higher rate of non-specific malignancies for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Previous studies have shown cancer-related survival in HIV patients to be worse, in part because of the advanced stage of cancer at diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the prevalence and screening of non-non defining malignancies for acquired HIV deficiency syndrome. A search of the PubMed database in English from 1996 to 2018 was used to evaluate the prevalence and screening studies of HIV malignancies. Eligibility criteria include any study comparing the prevalence and screening for nonspecific malignancies in adult acquired immunodeficiency syndrome according to HIV status. Cases that only screened for malignancies in other groups were excluded. After reviewing the title and full text, the articles that met the eligibility criteria were translated into Persian. Of the 140 articles identified through the search, nine were studied. Although the most common type of cancer in HIV is lung cancer, which accounts for 20% of all cancers (versus 12.9% of normal population), a comparative screening study was not found. Therefore, only three studies were evaluated including breast cancer, 4 cases with colorectal cancer and 2 cases with prostate cancer (7%, 6%, 6% prevalence respectively). Five of the studies reviewed showed that people with a positive HIV test were less likely to receive cancer screening than the general population, while three articles showed that the screening ratio was higher in the HIV population than in the general population, and one of them showed that the screening ratio was equal to the general population. Most studies showed that people with positive HIV testing who had regular access to health care were more likely to be screened for cancer. The available evidence does not confirm that people with positive HIV testing in most countries with appropriate health care have a lower chance of cancer screening. Social health factors (insurance status, access to health care, education, income level) are associated with receiving appropriate cancer screening.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD) is produced by liver pathological accumulation of fat and the prevalence of this disorder in the world is 35-36%. Evidence has shown that auxiliary treatments, including the use of antioxidant compounds, can be effective in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that has antioxidant properties. Other mechanisms of resveratrol have been shown to improve fatty liver.Study Type: A systematic Review on Randomized Clinical Trials.This study aimed to investigate the results of research on the relationship between supplementation of resveratrol and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Randomized Clinical Trials on the effect of supplementation of resveratrol on NAFLD from PubMed, Scopus, ISI and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and 2018 with the keywords: Resveratrol, Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, NAFLD Reviewed. Between most clinical trials have shown positive effects of resveratrol supplementation on the improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver symptoms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance. There was also a decrease in fat content in the subjects. However, some studies have different results and do not show a significant effect on resveratrol supplementation.n most studies, the positive effects of resveratrol supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver have been proven, but more studies are needed because of the controversy of the study.

In recent years, scientific output in the field of medical science has grown dramatically, and the determination of the appropriate index for their measurement is necessary. The purpose of the present study is to review the status of existing scientific and index indicators for the evaluation of scientific outputs in the field of medical sciences.In this review study, using Persian keywords (sciences, indexes, journals, universities, researcher) in the Persian Data bases of Magiran, noormags, Irandoc, National Library, Regional Science, Scientific Information Database (SID), Civilica, and Latin Keywords (Scientometric, indicator, Journals, University, Researcher) External databases were searched by Google Advanced Search, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI and Research Gate. In this regard, it is attempted to extract the most relevant documents in the period 2005-2019 as follows. As a result of the keyword search in the article title, 28 articles with valid and reliable information were reviewed. The findings from the studies showed that there is a unity in all studies, which the existing indices alone cannot fully evaluate the scientific outputs, and all researchers in their research sought to provide a new index to complement or replace the indices. Therefore, scientific work is a complex activity that needs to be evaluated by more than one metric and the need to use synthetic indices cannot be ignored. Nowadays, scientometrics has been widely used to better understand the strengths and weaknesses and to predict and predict the scientific status of researchers at medical universities.

Violence against nurses is one of the growing problems around the world. One of the concerns of health workers is violence at work, which is one of the effective factors in decreasing the working quality and satisfaction of staff and patients. The emergency department, because of its working nature is an environment full of violence and can easily turn to a place for violent behavior. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the determination of violence against emergency nurses.This study is a narrative review that searches through databases, Google Scholar. PubMed. SCOPUS, Scientific Jihad Scientific Database (SID), Magiran (Bank of journals of the country). Criteria’s for articles entry included: researches related to emergency nurses, publishing article in Persian or English , the accessibility to the article’s full text. Finally, 15 articles were selected for the purpose of the research. The findings were categorized into 8 main categories, violent characteristics, nurses characteristics,  nurses reactions to violence, Reporting rates and reasons for not reporting, violet’s characteristics, Problems that cause violence, Legal dimensions of violence, Violence reduction strategies.Most of the violence against nurses is verbal and then physical; sexual and racial violence have been studied in a few studies. The concerning matter is the low rate of reporting and follow-up after violence which needs to be mitigated by planning and policy.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital deformity of the orofacial. Team care is essential to meet the medical, surgical, dental, orthodontic, and psychological needs of individuals with cleft lip and palate. The currently accepted standards of care can only be met if the specialists work together in the diagnosis and treatment planning. Interdisciplinary team care provides the best overall outcomes for the individual and is also the most efficacious and cost-effective way of meeting the goals of treatment. In this review article, published 21 articles were reviewed between years (2000-2018), the electronic databases PubMed,Scopus and Google Scholar were searched. The following search terms were used: nasoalveolar molding, cleft lip and palate, team care, and multidisciplinary management, lip repair, orthognathic surgery.The goal of treatment is to restore esthetics and functional impairments associated with clefts. The nature and the extent of medical and dental problems among CLP patients dictate the need toward multidisciplinary approach where different medical and  dental specialists are involved in the treatment. The purpose of this article is to review  management of cleft lip and palate deformity from birth until adulthood. In this regard, feeding plates, nasoalveolar molding (NAM), lip and palate repair, palatal expansion, alveolar bone grafting, rhinoplasty, orthodontic treatment, and orthognathic surgery will be discussed.