مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 562 (هفته دوم فروردین 1399)

Applicants for marriage in Iran must undergo mandatory screening tests for substance abuse before the wedding. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of substance abuse in applicants for marriage in Isfahan Province from 2013 to 2017.

In a descriptive study, the data corresponding to applicants for marriage who referred to laboratories in Educating, Counselling, and Testing at Marriage Centers in 22 districts that covered by Isfahan university of Medical Sciences during 2013 and 2017 were gathered and categorized based on electronic data bank of laboratories’ administration in Isfahan Province Health Center. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics tests (such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation) in term of abused substances such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, morphine substances, gender, district and year.

The prevalence rate of substance abuse (both opioids and amphetamine derivatives substances) had increased from 7.8 to 9.63 per one thousands marriage applicants from 2013 to 2017, respectively. In otherwise, the prevalence rate of substance abuse (both opioids and amphetamine derivatives substances) had raised 1.13 times in men and 3.26 times in women from 2013 to 2017.

The prevalence rate of substance abuse in applicants for marriage in Isfahan Province has raised particularly in women during studied 5-years interval.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes can function similar to MSCs in repairing damaged tissues and modulating immune responses. They are considered as an effective tool in regenerative medicine as well as autoimmune diseases and cancer.

MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue of mice, and characterized. Cell supernatant was used for extraction of exosomes using ultracentrifugation with 110000 g and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, transmission electron microscopy, and Bradford assay were used to evaluate the accuracy of the isolated exosomes.

The results of isolation of exosomes derived from MSCs using PEG showed that most of the extracted spherical exosomes were in the range of 50-300 nm; but the results of isolation of exosomes derived from MSCs using ultracentrifuge showed the range of 30-100 nm. Using Bradford test, the concentration of exosomes extracted was recorded as 1296.7 mg/ml by ultracentrifugation and 1322.4 mg/ml by PEG.

Comparison of two methods of separation of exosomes showed that the extracted exosomes were more purified by ultracentrifugation; but in PEG method, the exosomes were larger and less purified due to PEG deposition on the particles. However, because of less access to ultracentrifuge, PEG separation is also applicable.

According to the radiation hormesis hypothesis, low-dose ionizing radiation is not only dangerous, but also can even reduce the number of cancers in the irradiated community. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation hormesis in the field of radiology.

The search was conducted through Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of science databases using the keywords of Ionizing radiation, Dose response, Hormesis, Low-dose radiation, Radiology, Radiation worker, and Patient in the period of 1990-2019.

In the early stages of the search, 1230 studies were found in databases. Finally, by reviewing the titles and abstracts of the articles, there were 38 articles related to the research topic. After careful consideration, four main areas were categorized including genetics area with 14 articles, cell area with 16 articles, animal area with 2 articles, and human area with 6 articles.

The effect of radiation hormesis has been rejected in some studies and confirmed in some others; but has not been demonstrated in radiation conditions similar to those found in radiology for patients and radiation workers. To confirm or disapprove this dose response model, detailed studies should be performed on radiation conditions such as different radiological tests in terms of beam type, beam energy, dose, and radiation dose rate.