مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1392)

The aim of this research was to study the effect of horse racing sport event on the development of sport tourism with an emphasis on income and employment in Golestan province. The research was a descriptive survey and the statistical sample consisted of 195 subjects. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test) were used. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 18 software. The results showed a significant relationship between capacity of sport tourism in Golestan province and hosting horse racing traditional event (P<0.01, X²=86.112), between capacity to host horse racing sport event and development of sport tourism (P<0.01, X²=82.465), between capacity to host horse racing sport event and tourist attraction (P<0.01, X²=77.321), between hosting horse racing sport event and employment increase (P<0.01, X²=62.512), between hosting horse racing traditional event and income increase (P<0.01, X²=63.866) of Golestan residents and between capacity to host horse racing sport event and recreational and sport facilities increase (P<0.01, X²=68/371) from the participants' viewpoints.

Continuous evaluation of performance always leads to qualitative growth of organization and increases its ability to offer services. In this regard, the present research aimed to determining the application of PCA method to evaluating the performance of sport federations based on EFQM qualitative approaches. The research method was descriptive and was performed in a survey mode. The population included president, secretary, vice-president of Canoeing, Rowing and Sailing Federation, employees, coaches, referees, athletes employed in the federation (N=67). Total number practices method was used to select the sample. Data were collected by a questionnaire designed by the researcher derived from standard excellence model questionnaire (EFQM) ( 0.974). In order to analyze data, PCA method was used with 18 version of SPSS software. The findings showed that all nine measures of EFQM model were equally involved in the found element which could be named enablers and results. In this regard, the most relationship and the most important common element were pertained to partnership and resources and the least relationship and the least important common element were reported to be the employees. It seems that it is necessary to pay attention to evaluative measures particularly employees which have always played an important role in any organization.

The aim of this study was to examine gender appropriateness of competitive sports. The participants were 502 male and female university students who completed the modified version of Riemer & Visio (2003) sport gender typing questionnaire. In addition, two open-ended items were asked to identify the best sport for males and females and their reasons. The results of quantitative analysis showed that wrestling, boxing and weightlifting were absolutely masculine from subjects' viewpoints. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference between female and male viewpoints in gender appropriateness of gymnastics, swimming, table tennis, aerobics and footsall (p≤0.05). Female respondents more tended to recognize sports as gender-neutral. Qualitative analysis of items showed that both male and female respondents believed that best competitive sports for females were aerobics, swimming and gymnastics for reasons such as compatibility with feminine and physical characteristics while for males were wrestling, weightlifting and martial arts for reasons such as their high physical power, compatibility with masculine physical/mental characteristics. In conclusion, these results revealed gender stereotypes in competitive sport appropriateness for males and females.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior among the employees of Sport and Youth Organization in Mazandaran province. The population of the study consisted of all the employees of Sport and Youth Organization of Mazandaran province (n=101) and 80 subjects were selected by simple random sampling method as the sample of the study. To collect data, (Weiss et al. 1967) job satisfaction questionnaire and OCB (Oregon and Kanevsky, 1996) were used. For statistical analysis of data, Pearson and regression tests were used. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. The regression results showed that organizational citizenship behavior could be predicted by the employees' perception of job satisfaction. Since job satisfaction is the predictor of organizational citizenship behavior, it would be better for general managers of Sport and Youth Organization of Mazandaran province to think of utilizing employees' job satisfaction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parameters on the performance of knowledge management in Iran physical education faculties. The statistical population consisted of all board members of physical education faculties (n=150). As all subjects were available, the statistical population equaled the statistical sample. Correlation was considered as the statistic used in data analysis (P≤0.05). The method used in this study was application, descriptive-analytical and as the aim of this study was to measure those factors influencing the adoption of knowledge management elements in management, technology, human resources and organizational culture of physical education faculties, correlational approach was used. Also, structural equation was used in this study. A researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge management was used. The reliability was approved by 30 board members and the validity was confirmed by 25 sport management professionals. Review of related literature and field method were used to collect data. The results showed that

1- IT technology and infrastructures as well as quality and speed to gain access to novel information and knowledge.

2- The encouragement of faculty dean for novel ideas and scientific opinions of board members to influence faculty missions had the highest share in knowledge management detection. 3- Private computers in professors’ offices as well as internet facilities and technology infrastructures

 4- The ability of board members to use computers and Microsoft Word and PowerPoint software to efficiently influence and perform faculty missions had the highest share in knowledge perspicuity.

5- Connection infrastructures to accelerate information exchange and knowledge transfer.

6- The belief in forming scientific groups and team activities as well as information exchange with colleagues had the highest share in knowledge collaboration.

7- The design of strategic plans and knowledge-based strategies and planning.

8- Access to computers at the right time, intelligent and proper deployment of technology and internet had the highest share in knowledge evaluation.

9- The ability to use computers and Microsoft Word and PowerPoint software as well as scientific and theoretical profession-related abilities of board members.

10- The effect of technology and information technology on knowledge issuance in physical education faculties had the highest share in knowledge issuance.

The aim of this study was to survey the situation of championship manner (Pahlavani) in Iranian premier league soccer players. For this purpose, the championship manner (Pahlavani) questionnaire with 18 questions developed by Shajie et al. (2013) were randomly administered to 162 Iranian premier league soccer players from 11 teams. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the internal consistency was approved in a pilot study. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA as the variance of variables was normal and homogenous (using K-S test). Results showed that overall mean score of championship manner (Pahlavani) was 73.59±12.72. Also, there was a significant difference in mean score of players’ championship manner (Pahlavani) among the teams (F=4.183, P=0.001). On the basis of results, overall mean score of championship manner (Pahlavani) of Iranian premier league soccer players was at a moderate level which means that championship (Pahlavani) values are not absolute for them. This fact might be the consequence of relativism or skepticism and their increase in these subjects.

In recent years, sport events have received increasing attention as one of the most important economic development strategies. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of motivation of active and passive sport tourists on improvement of sport tourism. 194 athlete and non-athlete university students who participated in student tournaments were selected as the sample (active and passive sport tourists). The self-regulated sport tourism questionnaire with 6 subscales (place of tournaments, distance traveled, mode of transport, length of stay, city entertainment and expenditure) was used to analyze the university students' motivation. After K-S (p>0.05) had been used to check the normal distribution of data, the descriptive statistics, t test and Pearson test at (p≤0.05). The results indicated that in active sport tourism group, distance traveled (52.31%), mode of transport (%42.06) and place of tournament (%40.52) were the main motivations to participate in sport events while in passive sport tourism group, expenditure (%48.31), distance traveled (%42.72) and city entertainment (%41.33) were the main motivations. Also, there was a high correlation between distance traveled (r=0.26) and expenditure (r=0.21) with the level of sport tourists' participation in university tournaments.