مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 13 (تابستان 1395)

The aim of this study was to compare and prioritize the viewpoints of customers, executives and supply chain on development strategies of sport discount cards. A 9-item questionnaire was distributed among three groups of sample: executives (n=65), customers (n=283) and supply chain (n=139). Construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by measurement model and exploratory factor analysis method which showed that it was appropriate given fit indexes. Also, the Cronbach's alpha reliability was achieved as 0.88 and time consistency was 0.74 according to the Pearson correlation coefficient method. The results showed a significant difference in the mean ranks of the main variable of development strategies among the three groups (P≤0.001, x2=24.994). Also, there was a significant difference in the priority of 9 items of development strategies among these groups, that is to say the customers attached the greatest priority to communication with customers (P≥0.001, x2=228.634) while supply chain attached their greatest priority to distribution channel (P≥0.001, x2=92.576) and executives to key activity (P≥0.001, x2=253.822). These results can be used to redesign the processes and establish the integrated information system for this business which leads to customers’ more satisfaction and their loyalty development and the achievement of the main objective, i.e. to facilitate sport for all.

The aim of the present study was to assess behavioral intentions of spectators of Iran handball premier league based on functional and result quality. This study was a descriptive survey research. The population consisted of spectators who participated in the games of 4 handball teams of Iran premier league in 2014-2015 season. Based on Cochran (α=0.05), 380 spectators were selected as the sample. Theodorakis et al (2012) Questionnaire was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by 10 professors and handball experts. The internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.91). Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that result quality (β=0.232) and functional quality (β=0.318) could predict 0.170 percent of the variance of spectators' behavioral intentions. Therefore, the officials and tournament organizers should pay more attention to functional and result quality to attract more spectators to sport halls.

The importance of generating revenues on one hand and the necessity of paying attention to tourism in sport on the other hand make the significant role of developing tourism clear. In this regard, the present study aimed at presenting a model for sport tourism development in Iran international sport events (case study: volleyball). The method was mixed and applied and the population included members of Sport Tourism Commission of National Olympic Committee, managers of Iran Touring and Tourism Organization, members of Sport Tourism Association of Sport for All Federation, managers of Volleyball Federation, staff managers of Ministry of Sport and Youth and National Olympic Committee and sport management and tourism experts. Census sampling method was used to select sample (n=120) and finally 116 questionnaires were received.  The results showed that legal factors were of more importance in Iran international sport tourism development in volleyball (t=8.6). So it is necessary to build and equip sport tourism centers for volleyball in different climatic regions of the country and to legislate in order to encourage and support domestic and foreign sport tourism investors for volleyball.

The aim of this study was to identify problems and benefits of indoor school Olympiad project in Mazandaran province. The method was functional and mixed. To identify problems and benefits, Delphi method by a questionnaire survey and meetings with 10 physical education experts of cities of Mazandaran province were used. In the quantitative section, the population consisted of 1517 physical education teachers working in Mazandaran Education Organization department. The sample was selected according to Morgan Table (n=312). The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert Scale (α=0.87). To rank the factors under study, the Friedman test and SPSS22 statistical software were used. The results showed that three problems facing this Olympiad were lack of information and proper planning from the ministries to departments, lack of safety and appropriate facilities to hold the Olympiad and lack of awareness of the goals and lack of cooperation of the organizers respectively. The benefits that occupied the first to third places were identity of the physical education course and teachers, positive social behaviors and support and participation of colleagues and parents to hold the Olympiad.

The aim of this study was to provide a model to analyze the political role of government in privatizing Iran sports. This study had a mixed and exploratory design. The first stage was qualitative. Data were gathered through a review of theoretical literature and semi-structured deep interviews; then, data from 20 interviews were coded by grounded theory method. Grouping codes showed 4 components. The second phase was quantitative and was conducted by structural equation modeling. 222 subjects were selected as the sample through purposive sampling method. The researcher- made questionnaire from the qualitative stage was used. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts and its reliability was obtained as 0.813 by Cornbrash’s alpha. To calculate the construct validity and to examine factor structure of data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used and to determine the reliability of scales and subscales, Cronbach's alpha was applied. The comparison of variables showed that the effect of sociopolitical cohesion, rule of law and governmental power on the privatization of Iran sport was significant but political participation (α=0.128) had no significant effect. Sociopolitical cohesion (regression coefficient=0.187) highest the greatest effect. Rule of law (0.156), governmental power (0.103) and political participation (0.04) were located in the next places.

The aim of this study was to identify the environmental components affecting customer relationship management in professional football clubs in Iran. Given the exploratory nature of the issue, qualitative research method was used to determine the most important environmental components affecting customer relationship management in professional football clubs of Iran. Firstly, through preliminary studies, an initial list of effective indicators was identified; then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 sport management faculty members, football experts and administrators and executive managers of Iran football league and clubs. Also, sample was collected by targeted sampling and snowball methods. Results of the open coding suggested that 79 indicators could affect customer relationship management in Iran professional football clubs. Then, the indicators were classified in 28 concepts in an axial coding. Finally, the identified categories resulted from the selective coding including 10 categories, i.e. attitudinal factors, infrastructure conditions, macro environment conditions, risk appetite of clients, management factors, organizational factors, quality and quantity of services and equipment, conditions and risk-taking of customers and fan clubs were determined. Managers of the Iran professional football clubs can use these identified indicators, concepts and categories in their future planning to establish an effective communication with their clients.

This study aimed at examining the relationship of communication skill with organizational commitment and organizational trust in general office of Sport and Youth in Ilam province. This study was a descriptive-correlation research conducted by cross sectional method in 2013 on 100 employees. Sampling was performed by simple random sampling method. Three questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze data by PLS & SPSS software. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between communication skill and organizational trust (r=0.47, P≤0.01) and organizational commitment (r=0.42, P≤0.01) and between organizational commitment and organizational trust (r=0.46, P≤0.01). Also, the effect of communication skill was positive and significant on organizational trust (β=0.76, t=22.44) and organizational commitment (β=0.49, t=4.04). Finally, the more employees' communication skills, the more their organizational commitment and organizational trust increase.

This study investigated sports different sport insurance models in Iran and selected countries. Research method was qualitative research. The statistical population consisted of insurance experts, legal experts and sport experts who were selected according to expert panels in social and commercial insurances in sport via snowball method. Sampling continued until a theoretical saturation point; this saturation was reached after 18 interviews. Data were analyzed via structural analysis and Atlas.ti V.6 software. Results showed that sports insurance in Iran had a lower growth than the USA, Japan and China. Unlike these countries, Iran Government did not distinctly support insurance in sport and had no specific plan for sports insurance; the rules of insurance in sports were very low and insurance companies offer naive commercial insurance policies in sports. It is suggested that the government should legally support the establishment of special insurance and special system for sport and the participation of insurance companies in sport special insurances should be facilitated.