مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 20 (بهار 1397)

The aim of this study was to provide a 3-dimensional model of e-commerce development challenges in the sport industry in Iran. This study was a descriptive survey. The population consisted of professionals and experts familiar with e-commerce and sport marketing (N=220). Given the population size, all population was selected as the sample. One-sample t test was used to analyze data and Friedman analysis of variance was applied to rank the challenges. The results showed that technical challenges as well as sociocultural challenges were not barriers to implementing e-commerce in sport industry but management challenges were barriers to implementing e-commerce in sport industry in Iran. The triple challenges were ranked as follows:

1- Management challenges,

2- Sociocultural challenges,

3- Technical challenges.

In the end, the 3-dimensional model of the challenges of implementing e-commerce in the sport industry was presented. Given that today the market has changed from its traditional form to an e-commerce, clubs and federations and all jobs related to sport must accept this change.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors and barriers to participation in sport for all and recreation sport in Turkish, Kurdish and Lor provinces of Iran. This study was a descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of all Turkish, Kurdish and Lor citizens in Iran (N=19105933). 3000 subjects were selected as the sample by stratified random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data; its face and content validity was approved by some professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach alpha (α=0.725). Finally, 2826 questionnaires were collected. The results showed that the main factors of participation in sport were “vitality in sport”, “sport proportionality with age and health” and “sport in the nature”. Also, the main barriers to participation were “lack of time”, “lack of sport facilities” and “lack of motivation”.  It seems that despite economic problems and health threats due to motor deficiency, the government should allocate a greater share to recreational sport for all sport in these provinces so that it can play a significant role in improving public health.

The aim of the present study was to test sport consumers’ purchase intention model with an approach of value–attitude–behavior hierarchy. The study was application in terms of aim, and descriptive-causal in terms of nature. The statistical population included physical education students. The required data were collected using a researcher-made scale of consumer values-perceived product attributes and standardized scales of attitude towards brand, attitude towards goods and purchase intention (Lee et al., 2013). Validity of the scale was approved by content validity (CVR>0.62) and reliability was checked by Cronbach's alpha test (α=0.792). For data analysis, SPSS and LISREL software were used. Results showed that consumer values and perceived product attributes had significant and positive effects on the formation of attitude towards brand and goods and attitude towards brand had significant and positive effects on the formation of attitude towards goods. Also, attitude towards goods variable had significant and positive effects on the sport consumers’ purchase intention. The proposed research model had a good fit (RMSEA=0.0008) in the target population.

The aim of this study was to establish a model of information, sport and management literacy of heads of sport federations. The statistical population included the faculty members and higher education students of sport sciences who were familiar with the information literacy and heads of sport federations (N=700). On the basis of Morgan Table, 248 subjects were randomly selected as the sample. To achieve the research aims, a researcher-made questionnaire (45 items) was used. The face and content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 20 sport management experts and its construct validity was investigated and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Its reliability was calculated in a pilot study with 30 subjects as 0.81. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnov، confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation and by AMOS and SPSS20 software were used. Findings showed that there were 7 factors (technical and sport, education and scientific, management, technology, political behavior, communicational, and motivational) in the model of information, sport and management literacy of heads of the sport federations. Also, the achieved model had a good fit.

This study aimed at explaining the role of effective strategies on developing human resources, organizational entrepreneurship and organizational development from the viewpoints of employees of Sport and Youth Ministry. According to the information from Information Department of Sport and Youth Ministry of Islamic Republic of Iran in 2016, the statistical population consisted of 850 employees. The sample size was considered 265 subjects based on Krejcie and Morgan Table. This study was application and survey.  Strategies in the Development of Human Resources Questionnaire (Mirsepasi et al., 2010) and Organizational Entrepreneurship and Organizational Development Questionnaires (Talebpour&Razavi, 2016) were used. Their reliability were calculated as 0.87, 0.91 and 0.82 respectively. To test the conceptual model, structural equation modeling based on partial least squares method using PLS statistical software was applied. The results showed that strategies of the development of human resources had a significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship and organizational development. Also, organizational entrepreneurship had a significant effect on organizational development. According to those factors affecting the development of human resources and the promotion of organizational entrepreneurship, employees were an effective factor in promoting organizational development.

The aim of this study was to identify and rank those factors affecting obtaining competitive advantage in Iran professional football clubs. The present study was descriptive-correlation conducted by mixed method. The research population included all elites who were experts in football industry in both qualitative and quantitative method. Information saturation was used in the qualitative phase; information was saturated with 13 interviews. To this end, snowball sampling was used to select the sample. Then, purposive sampling method was used in quantitative phase containing 150 sport management professors and football experts. The data were collected in quantitative phase by a researcher-made questionnaire. Content analysis was used to analyze the interviews with experts and structural equation model using Smart PLS was applied to evaluate the model. The results showed that efficiency, innovation, customer responsiveness and quality (path coefficients: 0.470, 0.239, 0.202 and 0.198) were the most important factors of competitive advantage in football clubs. Football clubs should have proper planning to achieve competitive advantage through creating efficiency, quality, innovation and customer responsiveness and relying on organizational resources so that they can be influentially present in domestic and international arenas.

The aim of this study was the role of leadership style of coaches in success motivation and commitment of elite wrestlers in Iran using the structural equation model. This research was application in terms of aims and correlation in terms of strategy. The statistical population consisted of all wrestlers present in the national team (N=156). The Leadership Style Questionnaire of Chelladurai (1980), the Success Motivation Questionnaire of Roberts and Treasure (1998) and the Sport Commitment Questionnaire of Scanlan et al. (1993) were used to collect data. The combined reliability of the questionnaires was 0.774, 0.70, 0.81 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equation model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the impact factor of coaches’ training and instruction leadership style was significant in success motivation (0.579) and commitment (0.587); their autocratic style was significant in success motivation (0.684) and commitment (0.701) and their democratic style was significant in success motivation (0.844) and commitment (0.836) at (α=0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the mentioned leadership styles have a positive and significant effect on wrestlers’ success motivation and sport commitment.