نشریه مطالعات اسلامی زنان و خانواده
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 11، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

The purpose of the present study was to explain the mediating role of secure attachment style, the personality traits of honesty and modesty, compatibility, conscientiousness and authoritarian parenting style in the relationship between perception of parental religiosity and that of child religiosity in undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. For this purpose, 600 students were selected through multistage random sampling from the departments in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The research instruments were the Religious Orientation Questionnaire based on Islam (Azerbaijani), Attachment Style Scale (Collins & Reed), the Hexaco Personality Inventory (Ashton & Lee) and the Questionnaire of Parenting Dimensions and Styles Questionnaire (Robinson et al). The findings showed that perception of parental religiosity directly and indirectly affects children’s religiosity. The personality traits of honesty and modesty, compatibility, and conscientiousness are mediating variables that influence children’s religiosity. The relationship between perception of parental religiosity and that of child religiosity through secure attachment style and authoritarian parenting style. Since personality traits can play a mediating role between perception of parental religiosity and child religiosity, it is necessary to consider these variables in religiosity.

The purpose of this study is to explore and compare the goodness-oriented approach and the law-oriented approach and their impact on the flexibility of relationships between spouses and women’s rights. It examines, compares and evaluates the attitude of Qur’anic scholars towards verse 228 of Sura Baqarah. The Examination of these two approaches has made it clear that in law-oriented perceptions, the basic position of the principle of goodness has been marginalized or not taken into account at all, and that the explanation of the verse is devoted mostly to inflexible and fixed rights in marital relationships, unlike goodness-oriented approaches in which the word Ma’roof (goodness) has become applicable, and come into the focus of the Qur’anic researchers and, as a principle, has dominated the relationships of spouses and made their relationships and women’s rights flexible. The goodness-oriented approach to the principle of Mu’asherat be Ma’roof (treating kindly and well) can be divided into two branches: obligatory and non-obligatory goodness-orientedness. Unlike non-obligatory goodness-orientedness, obligatory goodness-orientedness, has taken this principle as a moral-legal principle, and has given it an executive guarantee in the light of which, besides the fixed religious standards, the relationships of the spouses, based on the norms of religious people, have been given flexibility and have shaped the social rights of women from various aspects; this attitude has been prominent in the works of some contemporary commentators and jurists.

Husband’s superintendence is one of the terms used in the civil law of the Islamic Republic of Iran and in the expression of relationships between couples. Since civil law is based on Imamiyyah’s jurisprudence, the legislator in his opinion has inferred the meaning of husband’s superintendence from the Holy Quran and other jurisprudential sources. Using the descriptive-analytical method, the present library-based research seeks to re-examine this conceptual understanding of the sources and to evaluate and study various arguments and views in this regard. The results of the study show that due to different and sometimes contradictory views on the implication of jurisprudential sources on the husband’s superintendence, its limits and features, and the existence of clear reasons for the wife’s financial rights and powers in definite and numerous cases, the usage of this term in this vague and general way does not seem to be correct. It is therefore advisable to reconsider the usage of the term in civil law in order to prevent abuse of the term and to take effective actions to improve the international view on women’s laws in Iran.

Wife’s alimony includes all her conventional needs, and those commensurate with her situation. According to jurists, alimony becomes obligatory with marriage and wife’s deference, and factors such as wife’s violation of marital duties, death and irrevocable divorce as well as difference in couples’ religion have been regarded effective in making the alimony non-obligatory. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this study examines the pivotal issue of the effect of the difference in couples’ religion on alimony from the viewpoint of Islamic jurisprudence. The findings show that most of the jurists believe that when a non-Muslim spouse becomes Muslim or a Muslim spouse turns apostate - and the couple do not have the same religion at most until the end of the waiting period, separation occurs and consequently alimony becomes non-obligatory even during the waiting period. Of course if the wife is Muslim, alimony remains obligatory even during the waiting period. However, some juris have argued that difference in spouses’ religions does not annul the contract of matrimony and alimony, and despite disagreement in terms of religion, the contract of matrimony and alimony will be continued. In general, according to majority of jurist’s ideas and the application of the proof for wife’s alimony and the presumption of continuity of conjugality and retention despite the existence of difference in religion and the commutativeness of the contract of matrimony, it is claimed that in revocable divorce, regardless of religion and the existence of difference in couples’ religion, wife’s alimony is fixed till the complete dissolution of marriage and the end of the waiting period.

In many countries around the world, the decline in fertility rates has become a major concern for governments, and countries adopt different policies in this regard, referred to as “family policies”. Studies show that the scope of these policies varies depending on the social, economic and political structures of each country. The Islamic Republic of Iran is also facing the problem of declining fertility at the present time, along with the issue of population aging, which naturally calls for new policies. Using the documentary approach, the current research has attempted to address the family policy of the Islamic republic of Iran compared to other countries’ experiences in the decline dealing with fertility rate. The results of the present study show that, depending on its internal structure and the intellectual, cultural, social and economic characteristics, each country has chosen a model or combination of different models in the field of family policy the most important of which include advocating fertility, non-interference, advocating tradition and advocating equality. Given this issue and Iran’s differences with other countries, especially in terms of ideas and beliefs and the lack of appropriate policy in this area, the Islamic republic of Iran taking into account the Islamic system’s internal values mentioned in the macro policies declared by the supreme Leader, should set its goals and priorities, and then strive to achieve them through appropriate policy tools.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived parenting styles and attachment styles in predicting marital intimacy in married women. The research design was descriptive and correlational. For this purpose, 288 married women from the seminary school of Qom in the academic year 1396 -1397 were selected through the random sampling method. The participants completed the questionnaires of Young Parenting Style (YPI), Collins and Reed Attachment Styles (AAS) and Parental Marital Intimacy. Correlation test and stepwise regression analysis were used for data analysis. The research findings showed that there is a significantly positive relationship between perceived parenting styles of impaired limits, vigilance-inhibition and secure attachment styles with marital intimacy. There was also a significantly negative relationship between disconnection and rejection, impaired limits and anxious attachment parenting styles and marital intimacy. The results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that perceived parenting styles of impaired limits, vigilance and inhibition as well as anxious attachment style in total predicted 31% of variance in marital intimacy. These findings well illustrate the important role of perceived parenting styles and attachment styles in predicting marital intimacy, and can provide useful information to family counselors and psychologists.