نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 80 (تابستان 1399)

Deterrence is a way of combating the threats that has attracted many strategists in the recent decades. This approach is based on application of national power factors for frightening the enemy of the hard consequences of its actions. In present era, the national power factors have widely been identified and their role in combating the threats has been explained. From among the national power factors, oil and gas fossil energies play significant roles. The important point in this regard is the mismatch between production regions and consuming regions of this type of energy that gives the transit of fossil energy a high strategic value. The purpose of present research is identification of the most important requirements of deterrence enhancement using fossil energy transit management in a region. In this study, firstly the deterrence components are extracted from various theories and then they are transferred to the fossil energy transit management area. In the field study, we referred to the experts and asked their opinions in order to investigate our considered hypothesis using descriptive-analytical method and finally our hypothesis was confirmed and then the most important requirements of deterrence enhancement using fossil energy transit management in a region were extracted and introduced.

Sience and technology should be put in the practice in the context of invention and operational approach. In this way major scientific and technological policies must be taken into consideration. In the field of defensive technological invention, If the needs systematically, can be repeatedly respond in the frame of a model, high efficiency will have gained in the battle front. In hybrid war, many samples of abilities and inventional innovation efficiency earned, wich inspiring this research.
 The purpose of this research is to design a strategic model for the   technological innovation system in hybrid war. The present study population consisted of researchers, faculty members, experts and experts in military technology in the field of ground combat. 100 of them were identified and 80 were selected by simple random sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that defensive notification policies, innovation capacity, operational dimension of innovation knowledge of tactics and defense theories are the main prerequisites for the model and creativity, innovation, sensemaking, design, technology and knowledge brekthrough are the most important dimensions and main variables of the strategy model of the technological innovation system in the field of hybrid war.

Organizational complexities, have made the importance of organizational architecture undeniable. Because of the comprehensiveness of organizational architecture in contrast to organizational structuring, successful formulation of a strategic architecture pattern which results in a dynamic and efficient organization, relies on considering all the effective elements and dimensions. One important domain here is the geopolitical and geostrategic elements whchi can be studied as an environmental factor. The main aim of this paper is to explain the role of geopolitical and geostrategic elements in the strategic pattern for the architecture of the IRI Armed Forces. The present research is of applied type done in a quantitative manner to measure the effect of the independant vaiable - geopolitical and geostrategic elements – on the depandant variable - strategic pattern for the architecture. The research literature is obtained from books, articles, reports and papers accessible in the archives of libraries and creditable internet sites. The statistical population is made of 41 experenced experts in the military, defense and architecture field. The results of the research indicate that geopolitical and geostrategic elements are extensively effective in the formulation of the strategic pattern for the architecture of the IRI Armed Forces.

Conditions and the type of special function of I.R.I armed forces It is necessary to create a specific model that meets the goals and requirements of the future In the area of architecture, organizational architecture requires the implementation of an appropriate model based on the architecture of which architectural knowledge as one of the components of this model raises the dimensions and components that can be used in the pattern of the armed forces architecture.
This research was done by a purpose-oriented applied-development approach with a mixed method  approach and a questionnaire (with the content and face validity and  of Cronbach's A 0/82), with the aim of investigating  the architectural knowledge dimensions and its impact on the strategic model of the architecture of armed I.R.I  forces. The results of the research show that architectural knowledge is one of the effective factors on the strategic model, which consists of five dimensions of the principles and concepts, architectural functions, architectural requirements, architectural products and directional instruments.
This Dimensions consist of 12 factors that architectural drivers factor in basis and conception dimention, organization-based atchitecture factor in architectural function dimention,framework Design in architectural requirement dimention, models and description factor in architectural products and architecture principles in driver dimention have upper impact in this model.

The present article has been carried out to answer the basic question that how game theory can be used to analyze nuclear issue, as a crisis in front of IRI. This study is an applied research in terms of achievement, is a descriptive-analytical survey in terms of objective and nature, and is a mixed one in terms of the data used. After reviewing theoretical perspectives about analysis of crises and crisis management principles, the applicable models of game theory for the analysis of strategic crisis were introduced, then a combination of nonzero game model and unequal actor’s compromise was selected as the desired model. Questionnaires were distributed among the population in order to analyze the information. The population of the study includes 100 persons of operational research scholars in Tehran universities and the sample size was determined to be 32 using Chochran’s formula. Data collection method was through libraries and field studies using questionnaire, note-making. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and qualitative analyses. At the end, 4 applicable recommendations were proposed to use game theory for the analysis of Islamic Republic of Iran’s Nuclear Program..

A defensive policy should be the source of coordination, the unity of the political act in its defined time period, otherwise, the actors will be in a pattern of behavior.   Therefore, defense policy is usually determined by leaders and rulers, the government of men, and upstream documents. Therefore, defense policy is usually determined by leaders and rulers, the government of men, and upstream documents. This research is descriptive-survey and the statistical population of this study is 30 military personnel and top ranking managers. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather information and, since the data were normal, parametric tests were used to analyze them. The four first priorities of the components of the Islamic Republic of Iran Defense and Security are as follows:  Religious and moral teachings, decrees and measures of the Supreme Leader and Imam Khomeini (Rahmatullah against), the constitution, doctrine and policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Environmental changes (international and domestic).

Agility consists of a set of capabilities and competencies that will lead to the survival and development of the organization in the business environment. Agility has an undeniable impact on the success of organizations in the current era. In such a situation, the need to pay particular attention to the agility of the MoD's research organizations, which is responsible for the guidance, guidance, training, research and development of the country's defense industry, is becoming more and more important. In this research, dimensions such as financial, non-financial, and institutional support have been considered which can have a significant impact on the agility of these organizations. Therefore, it is acknowledged that the improvement and improvement of the functioning of this institution has led to a smoother appreciation of the Defense Department's research organizations. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of the fund's support for research, innovation and development of defense technologies on the agility of the research organizations of the Ministry of Defense and the support of the armed forces. Research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers and experts of the research organizations of the Ministry of Defense. In the first stages of the research, the identification of dimensions and components of agility in research organizations was discussed. In order to answer the research questions and to test the research hypotheses, a questionnaire was used to collect the required data. In order to identify the underlying structure and factors, as well as test the model of measuring the variables of research and adaptation between theoretical constructs and empirical constructs, Factor analysis has been used. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics methods using SPSS-22 and AMOS software. The findings of the research indicate the significant effect of the Fund's support for research, innovation and development of defense technologies on the agility of the research organizations of the Ministry of Defense

Empowering the process is to continuously improve the organization's performance by developing and extending the competence-based competency of individuals and groups. One of the most important sources and sources of youth empowerment is the views of the highest decision-making authorities in the country. in place. Iran, with its full command of power, has a certain intellectual system that familiarity with it can play a decisive role in the nature of the strategies for empowering the young generation of the armed forces. The main objective of this research is to achieve the "scientific and knowledge Empowerment's" strategies of the young generation of armed forces from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. This research is a applied-developmental. The statistical society has been selected theoretically and purposefully, and to achieve the results, the fundamental data method has been used by using the mixed technique (qualitative and quantitative methods). The result shows that the empowerment of the young generation of armed forces must necessarily take place within the framework of a systemic attitude (using all four mechanical, organic, project, and process approaches) and in accordance with the organizational and national conditions and ideals. With this in mind, the certainty of each of the approaches in the framework of the system approach is appropriate to the circumstances, subject, and organization of the target

Organizational ambidexterity (OA) is defined as the ability of companies to simultaneously explore and exploit. Exploration is defined as knowledge for search, novelty, experimentation, innovation, radical change and creation of new products, processes, and services. Exploitation is defined as knowledge for continuous improvement, modification, refinement, and incremental change of current products, processes, and services. For achieve to ambidexterity in the organization need to dynamic capabilities. This study seeks to identify factors influencing the creation of an ambidextrous dynamic capabilities at the defense-industrial organization. In order to achieve this goal, the combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. Initially the focus group was used, and based on its results, a questionnaire was prepared and In the sample of 98, were distributed in the studied organization. The capabilities extracted from the literature an focus group meetings, in two key competencies, renewal and regeneration strategic, were analyzed using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). as result in the studied organization, the components of sensing, decision making and change management played a key role in exploration and exploitation, and it helps renewal and regeneration strategic in studied organization. renewal and regeneration strategic have impacts on creating dynamic capabilities. Eventually, dynamic capabilities are effective on the commercialization capability in the studied organization.

Moving towards knowledge organizations for military and defense organizations is a necessity that, given the complexity of the environment of the modern age, should be more of a concern for commanders, managers and researchers in the field of defense and security. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of designing the pattern of future defense-military organizations with a scientist approach. The present research is for the purpose of developmental development. At first, exploration and review of theoretical foundations and research background, the dimensions, components and indicators of military defense organizations of the students were extracted, and then this model was based on the views and views of the high commanders and the experts of the university headquarters of one of the units The major military was investigated. Data analysis is performed using spss and smart pls software. The final model consists of four main dimensions of structural, content, knowledge management and capital-based dimensions, and 12 components and 52 indicators.

Success in sports and sports in the national and international squad Providing sports and livelihood facilities Principle and codified programming Promotion of Iranian-Islamic culture by sport, On Making the general public good Considering its boldness in providing and maintaining human health and so on One of the most important goals of the Ministry of Sports and Youth As well as organizations and institutions associated with the Office of Sport Affairs of the country. With evaluating the important goals of the planning element, we understand that there is quite a gap between the current position of Sport Affairs and its desired situation. Therefore, this research is an effort to reach and present a strategic and codified model which based on opinions of the “Vilayat-e- Faghigh”, constitutional law of I.R.Iran, successful experiments of humanity that is conformed to highest documents and experiments of Sport Affairs managers of the country. This is an applied-developmental research that used the combinational research method. To analyze the data the MAXQDA software and CVR and CVI methods are used. The statistical society of research includes: opinions of I.R.Iran leaders, constitutional law of I.R.Iran, experiments of sports elites and managers and 45 persons are interviewed. The most important results are: development of physical and mental health, chivalry and high position of spirituality, innovation in Sport Affairs, increasing the standard sport equipments for all parts of the society, pay more attention to the women sports, developing the meritocracy in managing the sport affairs and contributing the moral values and patriotism, increasing the participation of nongovernmental organizations, supplying for public sport and special attention to the armed Force Sport. The results from the research aligned with the goals and plans of the Ministry of Sports and Youth It is essential for the success and prestige of our country's sport to be dealt with.

From View of velayat-e faqhih, aid and relief and rescue disaster victims is the duty of all sections of society and as a divine test which is focused on accelerating aid. The main objective of this research is to explain the discourse of velayat-e faqihthe on the Islamic Republic of Iran's Red Crescent using descriptive content analysis and discourse analysis by Laclau and Mouffe method. Based on these results, the nodal point in the discourse of Imam Khomeini is, "Islamic values and Humanities" And elements of the discourse are "human duty, valuable, valuable assistance, knowledge, piety in service, quality of work, Create protection, fast service, do a good job, accountability and commitment, faith" and moments in the discourse of "service, relief, public participation ' and its opposition is "Western humanitarian law, humanitarian slogans, selective relief ". Nodal point in the discourse of Imam Khamenei, "relief" and elements in this discourse of "helping the innocent, to serve veterans, earthquake relief, act quickly on tasks, help people to serve" moment in the discourse of "the contribution and cooperation ,confidence to people, satisfaction, good organization, lack of attention to ethnicity and identity politics in service providing relief services and its opposition is "claims to have human rights and humanitarian purposes by America and some Western governments" Based on the results of this study, it is suggested planning and necessary measures to complete domination of velayat-e faghih discourse on Red Crescent society and the implementation of its principles and its obstacles and removal of obstacles and challenges placed on top of the Red Crescent Society program and required efforts should be made to introduce the humanitarian discourse of velayat-e faghih to other countries.

The Lean Approach is a system of Respect for people and continuous improvement of processes that, through a scientific approach to all stakeholders, eliminates waste of work, fluctuations and irrational affairs. The main purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model for reengineering the educational processes of universities and higher education institutions based on the requirements of the Lean Organization. This research is conducted in the framework of a qualitative approach. For this purpose, 18 experts and academics and executives who were informed about the reengineering of university educational processes and lean approach were selected by purposeful sampling and interviewed in a semi-structured manner. Themes were used to analyze the data. To assure the validity of the research, the members' survey and multi-bias method of data sources were used and to calculate the reliability of the coding performed, test-retest reliability and inter-subject reliability were used. After implementing the content of the interviews and their preliminary analysis, the basic concepts were identified and categorized in order to reach the main categories of similar codes. As a result of this study, seven (7) main processes and forty-three (43) subunits of educational processes at the university were identified by prioritizing reengineering with a lean organizational approach. According to experts, the reengineering of identified learning processes and sub-processes based on a lean organizational approach improves the quality of university outputs by continually improving processes and satisfying university stakeholders.