نشریه رسانه های دیداری و شنیداری
پیاپی 33 (بهار 1399)

This research has been carried out to explore the process of object semiotization in TV series and intend to recognize the role of object conversion to sign in developing drama. Therefore, this paper analyzes ‘Khaneh Sabz’ (Green House) and the Big Bang Theory series. The series that most of their narratives occur in just one location and their structures take place in the same location over each episode, season and even after years. This research has been carried out based on a semiotics approache and accomplished through a literature review. This case study consists of selected location-based TV series focusing on the published books and articles for data gathering. According to the results, it can be stated that the process of object semiotization on TV series creates the potentiality that allows new signs to attend the syntagmatic axis. In the meantime, signs will be able to role-play in plot and associate with other drama elements. Also, it can bring a correlation between the signs and drama on the pragmatic axis. Applying object semiotization process to TV series initiates an arrangement and a code that series can use them regularly to create dramatic situations and develop drama during various episodes and seasons.

Advertising is one of the most important sources of informing the TV audience of various cultural, social and economic issues in today’s media world; it has a great impact on the formation of the audience intellectual, emotional, and behavioral patterns and their changing values and attitudes. This article aims to examine the place of body in media commercials discourse studying the signs and passwords of them. To this end, commercials have been analyzed using Fisk and Roland Barth’s perspectives. The target population of this study was the IRIB commercials audience in 1996 selected through purposeful and non- random sampling. 72 business messages were studied in depth upon collecting the commercials. The theoretical basis of the debate is the opinion of some body sociologists such as Foucault, Goffman and Giddens. The findings of this article showed that the two ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ discourses on ‘body’ were represented in TV commercials.

Commercials are prone to get involved with Islamic legal and liability issues. Among the range of liabilities are Islamic jurisprudential rules which identify the extent of non-compliance with commercials that is proportionate to misleading and deceptive commercials leading to material and spiritual harm to the audience. The findings of an earlier study on ‘Adherence to jurisprudence in TV commercials’ revealed that out of twelve rules and the obligatory jurisprudence rules, two rules of teaching and non- judgment deviated the most. This research has been carried out to investigate the trend of observing the Islamic jurisprudence subjects of teaching and Najjah by non-repetitive commercials broadcast by channel one of IRIB as of 2009 to 2018 selecting 4760 ads using simple random sampling method. The results showed that, in total, there were 8.7 percent breach of Najjah variables and 7.9 percent breach of teaching variables. This reflected a relatively appropriate status of commercials considering these two jurisprudential topics. The trend of non-observing the research variables did not have a logical order i.e. regular ascending or descending and the highest deviation was observed in the years 2016 and 2010. The research findings support the theory of social responsibility and emphasize the importance of paying attention to variables based on which the rules and jurisprudential issues play a significant role in distorting or violating healthy and useful propaganda goals.

Black people are considered a racial minority not only in the American community but also at Hollywood .This research has been carried out to examine how and why black and white relationships change in this media system focusing on the element of superiority. In view of this, the three race-oriented films i.e. Birth of a Nation (1915), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967) and Hateful Eight (2015) have been selected on purpose. In order to discover the indicative mechanisms of signaling apparatuses in the mentioned films, the five narrative codes and concept of myth in the semiotics of Barthes have been used. The findings of this research indicate that the forms of depiction of black people have changed according to the historical, social, and political fabric of production time to comply with then ruling system prevalent ideological concepts. The first film manifests the necessity of ‘black’ subjugation as natural through negative stereotypes. The second film has challenged the common racial order and presented a new conflicting and interactive model of dominant discourse of the white and aggressive discourse of the black. In the third film, the black character represented the persecuted blacks of American racist history in a vengeful action turning the white superiority into inferiority eliminating the mythological concept of their superiority.

Television, as a cultural, political and social institution, has encountered many challenges in relation with digital technological developments. Optimistic approaches to digital technologies which have been reinforced by deterministic and actor-oriented theories interacted with neo-liberal political and economic theories that not only created conceptual challenges such as old and new media, television and post- television eras, public or private television, but also challenged the linear distribution and broadcast system of television due to the emergence of convergence phenomenon eventually. This article seeks to evaluate the responses of Iranian television (IRIB) to these challenges. This qualitative analytical analysis provides the readers with a theoretical, conceptual and historical overview of the digital television phenomenon. Performing 8 in-depth interviews with concerned experts as well as analysis of documents and available statistics reveal challenges to Iranian television such as convergence, struggle for producing content, competition with new media and media regulations. This article reviews responses of Iranian television to these challenges including structural changes, launching thematic  channels that broadcast entertainment programs and expanding production on new platforms. It suggests that television in the Iranian media ecosystem still has a profound impact on the public and is deeply linked with the concept of national unity and security. Digital technology development stemming from America and western experience is not necessarily used in other countries and indigenous factors and national conditions of countries like Islamic Republic of Iran has to be taken into account.

One of the missions of international media is to educate the national language of the country through media. They provide the listeners with the knowledge of their country’s culture, social affairs, history and policies. Therefore, language teaching through radio and TV has a long history. In our country, the use of media for teaching Persian language has been hampered for reasons and is somewhat inadequate indeed. This research has been carried out to explain the capacity of podcasts as a new media for teaching Persian language and provide the listeners with a model for producing and distributing educational podcasts for radio as well as identifying the strengths and weaknesses of produced podcasts. According to Stephen Krashen’ s theory i.e. ‘ Input Hypothesis’ , hearing is one of the main inputs of language acquisition and podcasts as a listening media provide the learners with the opportunity to practice, learn and enhance their listening comprehension. The present study has been conducted using library method and qualitative content analysis; the statistical population of this study were the learners of Persian language through podcasts transmitted by Pars Today and Deutsche Welle Persian language courses for a six-month term.

This research has been carried out to analyze the critical discourse of cultural and political messages of Tehran municipality which have been displayed on Tehran municipality billboards as of 2006 through 2016. This research focuses on understanding the components of this discourse which constitute the nodal points, floating signals and the articulation of moments of Tehran municipality in order to find out the chain of equivalence-difference used by the mentioned institution to marginalize and antagonize the discourse components of the rivals which make up the research purposes. The researcher has reached the theoretical diffusion selecting the statistical population by analyzing 25 messages on purpose. The methodology of this research is based on a qualitative research of discourse analysis according to the post structuralist approach of E. Laclau and S. Moffe. The findings of this research reveal that the nodal point and the guardianship-centeredness are focused by the municipality; the jihadi management, the clergy, and anti-westernism are articulated around this focal point  which conform with principalism discourse. The hidden layers of the messages are revealed by highlighting the features of self-discourse and marginalizing the articulative signifies of the rival and that they have been pursuing some hidden goals which are to gain the political and ideological hegemony of the reformism discourse and achieving the political power of the mayor.