جستارنامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 4 (تابستان 1397)

The decline of Metanarrative is one of the important features of postmodernism. Shirzadi writers in the novel "Helal e Penhan" and Ravaniour in the novel "Khowli Kanare Atash" have violated the logic of classical storytelling and the metanarrative of fiction. The significance of this issue is that Shirzadi has attempted to create a homogeneity between the battlefield system and the postmodern space, and to Ravanipour represent the demise of large Metanarrative communities in the nomadic southern Iranian community in his novel and its writing. Because of the matching of two struggling spaces, the two writers' approach is similar in many ways. Therefore, in this article we try to compare the two writers' perceptions in explaining the declining components of storytelling. The components analyzed in this article show that Shirzadi, with a rhetorical representation of an incoherent literary genre, has recreated the collapse of the author's meta-narrative with the specific structure of the battlefield, and has been well-versed in courage, language, and confusion. Reflecting the crisis of identity, and Ravanipour, in violation of the classical principles of storytelling - as a grand narrative - has succeeded in rebuilding the traditional life scene in a postmodern space, and by symbolizing, the most important feature of postmodern man. That is, to draw an identity. But the contradictory elements of storytelling in the "Helal e Penhan" are more varied and richer than the Khowli…, and the construction as a technical indicator of the "Helal.." in the "Khowli Kanare Atash" has little to do.

Love for the homeland is an important issue that can be clearly seen in the poems of the patriotic and militant poets of the contemporary period. Farrokhi Yazdi and Bashar al-Khuri are two contemporary poets who lived in the suffocating period of authoritarian rulers, and their homeland suffers from injustice and tyranny of local rulers, foreign interference in the country's affairs and dependence on Western colonial policies, especially Russian and British colonialism. The present article deals with the research and analysis of the poems of Farrokhi Yazdi and Beshareh Al-Khuri. This article is based on library studies and descriptive and analytical methods and is based on similar social contexts. It is based on comparative literature. The weak of the society, the opposition to tyranny and colonialism, etc., in the case of two poets, have been studied and examined in a comparative manner and by presenting the poems of two poets.

The mystics have spoken at various times about how they walk.  This article deals with the comparative analysis of the views of Attar Neishabouri and Imam Khomeini on travel and the stages of journey and journey.  Both the mystics give a degree to the course of the course, although there are differences of opinion between them regarding the explanation and explanation.  The important point is that both mystics have been working towards a common goal, and that the expression of mysticism is in a language that is in the habit of understanding ordinary people because, as both mystics, mysticism is a necessity of human life in all ages, and stepping in this direction all aspects of human life  Therefore, it must be eradicated from the particular difficulties and complexities of science, so that the whole human society can be learned.  In this research, the descriptive-analytic method, the stages of journey and mystic journey in the works of the writings of Attar and Imam Khomeini have been compared, and the concepts, common and contrastive words in these two, have been identified.

Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957) has published his famous novel called “Freedom and Death” in 1956. The main theme of this popular novel was the dominance of Ottomans in 1645 over Crete Island. In addition, the main plot of “Freedom and Death” consists of the freedoms-seeking battles between Cretans and Ottomans.  The protagonist of this work is a hero called Michalis, who is very much similar to Dash Akel character in Sadegh Hedayat’s work of art. Besides similarities between the life of Michalis and Dash Akel in Hedayat’s work of art and its narrator, these two works of art are also similar in terms of imagery. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to investigate the similarities between opinions, thoughts and speeches of Dash Akel and Michalis and to determine the thought pattern of both Kazantzakis and Hedayat and defining and analyzing the messages delivered in both works of art by providing evidences.

Ferdowsi literature on other countries, including Kazakh literature has influenced; Kazakh epic wish to have to pay. Kazakh poets and writers of the Shahnameh is considered in two parts; Some of them were given some epic themes, stories, and they mimic the shape and added new stuff and writing of prose epic, and have Rostmnamh; The courage of the heroes of the epic resembles the epic and poetic traditions of Kazakh people is so epic written narrative and anecdotes high reputation among the Cossacks.Comparison of the Kazakh epic tales of heroic and epic can be concluded that many of the events and personalities as well as their epic Kazakh literature. Cossack hero, Lpamys, like Rustam fought to preserve their land to rise.The epic Shahnameh and Lpamys writing literary masterpieces, spur national pride of the country to keep the enemies.

According to Peter Blaw's theory of exchange, each member of society, during his or her social exchanges and connections with knowledge, falls into groups that receive rewards, and through these rewards, their social bond with knowledge and wisdom is strengthened; But if these people, as members of society, do not receive any reward for their actions in the process of these exchange transactions, their connection with science and learning will be weakened and, as a result, they will remain in the same ignorance. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and referring to the theoretical sources of the research, an attempt has been made to explore the sociological axes of Peter Bellaw's theory in Sanai's poems, so that the reaction of the people depicted in his poems against the action Analyze the environment. The results of the study indicate that when the human intellect is closed, in contrast to the entry of any new information, it is not able to examine them rationally, and Sanai in his poems, put the concepts of ignorance and rationality together in its confrontational effects. In this way, it has awakened the audience to educational issues.