نشریه پرستاری کودکان
سال ششم شماره 4 (تابستان 1399)

stuttering in children can affect their mental health and cause undesirable effects on quality of life and the educational performance of the child. The aim of this study was to compare the anxiety, depression and self-esteem in healthy children and children with stuttering referred to the speech therapy clinics of Mashhad and Gonabad cities in 2017.

This case-control study was conducted on 270 students  in 2017 and selected by simple random sampling method. The data were collected using demographic information form, standard PAP self-esteem questionnaire, Spence anxiety and self-assessment of depression in children.

According to the results, the mean scores of self-esteem and its dimensions are statistically significant (P <0.001). Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of total anxiety score, the mean of social subscales, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and functional fear and open-mindedness scores showed significant differences (P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in severity and depression scores (P <0.05).

The results of the research show that children with stuttering have anxiety and lower self-esteem and depression more than healthy children. Therefore, it is important to take the necessary measures to evaluate mental health, preventing psychological problems and timely treatment of these children.

the birth and presence of Mental Retardation child in any family can be considered an undesirable and challenging event that may lead to stress, frustration, feelings of sadness and hopelessness. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between strategical Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Self-esteem with Happiness in Mothers Mentally Retarded children.

The research was a correlation study. The statistical population of this study was all Mothers of Mentally Retarded children in Tehran. The sample consisted of 200 mothers of mentally retarded children in Tehran who were selected by based on multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instrument used in the research was a questionnaires, Cognitive Emotion Regulation
of Granefski and Kraaij (2006), Self-Esteem Scale of Rosenberg (1965) and Oxford Happiness Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multiple regression, Pearson correlation coefficient) and analyzed using SPSS20 software.

showed that strategies Cognitive Emotional Regulation and Self-esteem positively predict the Happiness of Mothers of Mental retarded children. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between Cognitive Emotional Regulation with the Happiness of Mothers of Mental Retarded Children (p<0.001), and there was a positive and significant relationship between the Self-esteem and the Happiness of Mothers of Mental Retarded Children (p<0.001).

The results of this study indicate that improving the positive strategies Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Self-esteem can increase the happiness of mother of mental retarded children. The results of this research can be used in counseling centers for education and well-being centers.

 Parents (especially mothers) undergo severe stress and experience psychological distress after the diagnosis of their child's cancer. there are individual differences among mothers in distress tolerance. The main purpose of this study was to determine the role of the mother’s distress tolerance on the internalization and externalization problems in children with cancer.

 The study was a descriptive correlational study. 130  mothers who have a child with cancer and admitted to the Pediatric Cancer Hospital (Mahak) participated in this study. They completed two Distress Tolerance Scales (DTS) and Child Behavioral Inventory (CBCL) (a Parenting report version).

 Among the four dimensions of distress tolerance scale, emotion regulation had the most significant correlation with the internalization and externalization behavioral problems. This connection was more intense about internalizing problems. Simultaneously multiple regression analysis showed that the distress tolerance effected on child's physical complaints more than other factors; however, it could not predict law-breaking behavior in children at a significant level.

 The level of the mother's distress through parenting style, learning of coping with stress and quality of interaction with the child can influence the internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children.

Based on the theory of optimal motor learning, autonomic factors and the focus of external attention facilitate the performance and learning of motor skills. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of autonomy factors, focus attention and the combination of these factors on the implementation of hands-on skills in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

The present study was a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 2nd and 3rd grade elementary school children in Babol province in the academic year 2018. For the screening of children with ADHD, teachers 'and parents' ratios of Conners were used. A sample sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample consisted of 24 children, in the experimental group 12 were children and in control group 12 children. Then, the Farsi Handwriting Assessment Tool was used to measure children's handwriting as a pre-test for both groups. The children of the experimental group were placed in the autonomy and focus areas of external attention, and the control group did not receive any interventions. At the end of this period, children's handwriting tools were administered as a post-test for both groups. Data were analyzed using variance analysis at P <0.001 level.

The results of the study showed that both children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder had better performance in control / self-control position than other situations (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between the other situations.

Based on the results of this study, improving handwriting skills, autonomy is more effective than the focus of external attention, and the feature of the automatic implementation of handwriting skills in children as well as the importance of autonomy for improving handwriting skills was shown.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common intrauterine infection, and while many women of reproductive age are CMV-positive, neonates born to these mothers can be asymptomatic, but they can be in later years with permanent and progressive effects, hearing loss is the main side effect. So, early detection and treatment can prevent its progress.  On the other hand, this congenital infection can only be shown as a reduced intrauterine growth.  In this study, we examined the frequency of CMV in the small for gestational age (SGA) neonates in Al-Zahra hospital during 2015-2016.

This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on SGA infants admitted to Alzahra Hospital in Rasht, Iran during a one-year period)2015-2016). Data from the neonates and their mother were gathered by a checklist.  They were extracted and their urine was sent to the laboratory for CMV PCR examination.

Of 205 SGA infants, 138 cases of urine specimens were reported for CMV PCR, two cases reported positive (1.4%) for a 38-week-old female with a weight of 2350, followed by a 34-week-old boy with a weight of 1320 and CBC tests (HBV-WBC). They were normal, one in rural and the other in the city. The two CMV-positive children were generally well-off. The average age of their mothers was 32 years old. The hearing loss of these two infants was reported at normal birth but was not followed up for follow-up.

Regarding the importance of CMV infection in hearing loss and the importance of timely intervention in the treatment of hearing loss, it is unlikely that the routine CMV study in SGA infants is important in order to detect hearing impairment, movement and these neonates will be diagnosed early and be intervene in a timely manner.

Congenital anomalies are common causes of medical interventions, long-term illness and death. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of congenital anomalies in disabled patients under 15 years old registered in Welfare Organization of Shahrekord.

The present study was a case–control study. 350 disabled patients registered in the Welfare Organization of Shahrekord and 350 matched healthy children were included in study. Demographic information and probable risk factors were recorded in the checklist through the patient's file and interviews with parents.

The most common anomalies were cardiac disorders (31.1%), cerebral palsy (18.3%) and Down syndrome (14.9%). The body weight, length and head circumference at birth, mean father's and mother's age at the time of pregnancy , Father's and  mother's ethnicity, economic status , education, type of delivery, birth season, maternal body mass index during pregnancy, maternal diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypertension  and infectious disease during pregnancy, parental addiction, parents' smoking, folic acid and iron intake during pregnancy, drug use during pregnancy ,hypoxia, consanguinity and family history of congenital anomaly were significantly different in two groups (p <0.05). Based on the results of logistic regression Type of delivery (caesarean section) , low socioeconomic status, father’s age, family history of congenital anomalies, father’s smoking and infant hypoxia had a significant correlation with the congenital anomalies.

Since early identification of congenital anomalies is essential for preventive interventions, considering the risk factors of this study will be helpful for primary prevention.
Women at risk especially from poor socioeconomic should be mentioned and screened for more support and prenatal care.

Nurses have important role in providing emotional support, decreasing stress and educating the parents to involve them in care for premature infant. The aim of this study was discovering the NICU Nurses’ perception about involving the parents in care for infants.

This qualitative study was carried out based on interpretative phenomenological approach.  The study setting was three separate NICUs of three teaching hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Eleven in-service NICU nurses were selected purposefully. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews and field notes and was analyzed using the seven-stage Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner approach.

One of the important themes emerging in this study was “Patience to Progress” that included four subthemes of “Developing intellectual movement”, “Sending off the family to overpass the crisis”, “step by step until parents’ independency” and “help to correct decision making”.

Nurses’ experiences showed that there is developing intellectual movement on accepting the parents’ presence philosophy and their participation in the NICUs. This changing in nurses’ perception has occurred because of emphasis on family and NIDCAP importance. In nurses’ experiences involving parents in care for premature infant, is gradual and needs effort, patience, flexibility and continuous directing along with changing attitude.

Creativity exists at the highest level of human cognitive activity, which is reflected in human thought, writing, behavior, and action. Creative leadership is a part of transformational leadership, and it means developing the capacities and abilities of individuals who are efficient in leadership maps or processes and enable people to work together effectively. This study aimed to "review scientific resources on creative educational leadership and investigation its impact on the development of children and adolescents."

This article was done as a review by applying library and internet studies in 1397. Keywords used Creativity, Leadership and Management, Organizational Innovation, Schools, Education, and Children and Adolescents in Databases such as Noormags, Magiran, Science Direct, Database Information Scientific, and Google Scholar, and Library Studies in Scientific Books Published.

According to the definitions of leadership, they have the same several characteristics: Leadership is a purposeful process based on values and ideals and depends on the existence of the group, in other words, leadership is the art of influencing followers and related to the field. Creative performance occurs when people are highly motivated, interested in their ideas, and have a strong inner drive. Creative performance occurs when people are highly motivated, interested in their ideas, and have a drive strong inner. There are generally three categories of creative educational leaders: leaders who accept present paradigms and patterns; leaders who reject present paradigms; and leaders who combine present paradigms.

Innovation is one of the most important features that it is emphasized in developing creative leadership. Generally, the four main empowerment in creative leadership is self-awareness, agility and learning skills, effectiveness, and communication skills. A leader who is creative and understands creative people. He is able to understand the process of creative work to guide creativity and knows how to choose creative people. He is able to stimulate their creative behavior, and therefore the necessary and desirable situation to promote creativity in Provides children and adolescents.

Bullying is a very common phenomenon, and it has severe psychological consequences for those involved. Bullying may be the beginning of antisocial personality disorder and violent behavior in adolescents and adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Olweus's bullying prevention program on relationships with her partners and bullying behaviors in bullying children in elementary schools in Yazd.

The present study was a pre-test / post-test / follow-up with control group. The statistical population consists of all male students of bullying in Yazd primary schools in the academic year of 2018-2019. A multi-stage cluster sampling was conducted in two stages and 37 bullying students were selected and randomly divided into two groups of experiment (18 subjects) and control (n =19). The experimental group received Olweus's Bullying Prevention Program during 15 sessions of 90 minutes (weekly 2 sessions). There was no intervention for the control group. For data wrapping, Olweus's Revised Bully/Victim Questionnaire (1983, BVQ), Collaborative Peer Relations Scale (Rigby and Slee) and the Procedure for Sociometric Status (Dodge et al) were used.

The results of mixed variance analysis indicated that Olweus's educational program significantly increased the relationship with peers (P <0.05) in bullying children and reduced the bullying behavior of these children (p <0.05) and this effect was consistent with both variables of Peer Relations (p <0.05) and bullying behaviors (p <0.05) and it has been steady to follow.

The present study showed that the use of bullying prevention program based on Elvis's view (OBPP) can be one of the effective and efficient programs on the bullying children relationship whit their peers and their bullying behaviors.

Play therapy is a therapeutic approach that is used for a wide range of children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Play therapy with cognitive-behavioral approach in reducing social anxiety among conduct children in Zahedan center.

The design of this research is a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with random sampling. The statistical population of this research includes all conduct children who are in the center of Zahedan rehabilitation and were identified using the available information in the case file. Sampling method was a random sampling method. A total of 22 children were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each of 11). To the experimental group, cognitive-behavioral therapy Play sessions were taught in ten sessions (90 minutes each session, 3 days a week) and one day. The control group did not receive an intervention during this period. Both groups responded to the Convergerial Social Anxiety Scale (SPIN) before and after the test (Conor et al., 2000). Data were analyzed using statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and covariance analysis.

The results showed that play therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach affects the social anxiety in conduct children (from10.65 to 7.82). The results of covariance analysis (F= 7.29) showed that cognitive-behavioral play therapy significantly reduced the social anxiety of children with behavioral disorders (p<0/001).

The teaching of therapeutic therapy approaches with cognitive-behavioral approach to children with conduct disorder can be an effective step in improving their mental and physical health.