نشریه پرستاری کودکان
سال دهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1402)

Adolescence coincides with the occurrence of risky behaviors. These high-risk behaviors lead to unpleasant and destructive physical, psychological, and social consequences. Based on an extended parallel process model, if people do not believe that they are at high risk for disease or health hazards. More to deal with it are more sensitive. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of the extended parallel process model on the risk of female adolescents in Aliabad Katoul in 2020.

This semi-experimental study was performed on 50 female students of Sama School in 2020 in AliAbad Katoul city in Golestan province, randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The data collection tool is the Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (IARS). In the experimental group, 8  sessions (45-60) minutes were performed in groups of 6-7 people based on the extended parallel process model duration of 8 weeks. Data were collected in two experimental-control groups before and after the intervention

ANCOVA test showed a significant difference by removing the effect of pretest (p <0.01, Eta = 0.15). Also, the extended parallel process model affects all dimensions of risky behavior.

The results showed that the extended parallel process model reduces high-risk behaviors in adolescent girls. Therefore, nursing theories and health models can be used as a low-cost but effective educational method to increase awareness and prevent high-risk behaviors.

Identifying early signs of learning disabilities and timely educational support for children at risk of learning disabilities is very important. This study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Early Learning Observation and Rating Scale among children 4 to 6 years old in 2022.

The study is descriptive and methodological type with aim of  psychometric Early Learning Observation and Rating Scale. The first population of study was all children of 4 to 6 years in kindergartens and preschools in Bojnourd, 400 children's were selected through cluster random sampling method. The second population of the research included the first grade students of Bojnord city. Using purposefull sampling, 20 first-grade students referred to learning disabilities centers and 20 first grade students without learning problems were selected. It was used tools of the Early Learning Observation and Rating Scale, Denver Developmental Screening Test-II, and the Raven intelligence test to collect data. It was evaluated convergent and divergent validity, construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), diagnostic validity and internal reliability of the scale.

The Cronbach's alpha reliability of the Early Learning Observation and Rating subscales was in the range of 0.86 to 0.92. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of seven factors in Early learning observation and rating scale. Early Learning Observation and Rating Scale were correlated positively with the Denver test(r=0.70) and negatively with Raven's IQ test(r=-0.30) (P<0.01) indicating a convergent validity and divergent validity confirmation. Also, the first-grade students with specific learning problems had significantly high scores in the subscales of Early Learning Observation and Rating Scale (P<0.0001) indicating a diagnostic validity.

The Early Learning Observation and Rating Scale was an acceptable level in terms of internal consistency, diagnostic, convergent, and divergent validity. It is a suitable tool for early identification of learning disorders in preschool children in Iran.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional efficacy therapy on fear of negative evaluation and experiential avoidance of mothers of autistic children.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population of this research included mothers of autistic children who were referred to Dasthaye Mehrabani School (Darya) in Isfahan in 2022. Thirty mothers were selected by purposive sampling method based on the entry and exit criteria and randomly replaced in two intervention and control groups (15 people in each group). Both groups before and after the intervention and 2 months later, in the follow-up phase, were given research tools including the short version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale by Larry (1983) and the Experiential Avoidance Scale - the second version of Bund et al (2011). The experimental group was treated based on emotion efficacy therapy in 8 sessions of 2 hours, but no intervention was done in the control group.

The findings showed that the treatment based on emotion efficacy therapy was effective on fear of negative evaluation, and experiential avoidance, and the effect of this change remained stable until the follow-up stage (p<0.05).

Emotion efficacy therapy can be used to reduce the fear of negative evaluation and experiential avoidance among mothers with autistic children.

Optimal collaboration between members of the patient management team; especially physicians and nurses; can effectively prevent stress by creating an appropriate moral atmosphere that leads to the improvement of the quality of care.This study aimed to determine the attitude of nurses and physicians toward physician-nurse collaboration working in the neonatal intensive care units of the teaching hospitals in Tehran, the capital of Iran.

In this descriptive and analytical study, carried out in the neonatal intensive care units of the teaching hospitals in Tehran in 2018-2019, 234 physicians and nurses, selected by the available sampling method, participated in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS V21 software with T-test, Pearson, and Anova.

The mean attitude score of nurses was 24.15 with a frequency percentage (40.25%) compared to physicians' 25.70 with a frequency percentage (42.80%) (P<0.05). The highest average score in the questionnaire was related to teamwork and information sharing among physicians and nurses, 6.75 and 8.73 respectively. A significant relationship was found between nurses' attitudes toward work experience, working hours, and liability insurance (P<0.05).

The attitude of the nurses and physicians about physician-nurse collaboration in this study was revealed to be unsatisfactory. One of the important reasons for the negative score of the attitude of nurses and physicians towards collaboration may be the point that sufficient importance is not given to the role of nurses in patient management. It is therefore recommended to identify factors affecting the improvement of collaboration, as well as maintaining enough weight to the role of nurses in patient management by further studies.

One of the problems of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the lack of social skills and emotional processing. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of training of executive functions on improving social skills and emotional processing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all children aged 7 to 12 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who had a file in Kerman city welfare in 2022. 30 people from the aforementioned community were selected as a sample using a simple sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Gresham and Elliot's (1999) social skills questionnaires and Baker et al.'s (2007) emotional processing questionnaires were used to collect information. The experimental group underwent executive function training for 10 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group did not receive any training. The research data was analyzed using covariance.

The mean ± standard deviation of the experimental group in the post-test in the variable of social skills from 4.52±17.41 to 5.73±31.29 and in the variable of emotional processing from 6.17±21.45 to 39.66± It increased 7/54. The results showed that in the post-test phase, the average scores of social skills and emotional processing in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.01).

Executive functions were effective in improving social skills and emotional processing. Therefore, this type of training can be used to reduce the problems of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Mothers of obese or overweight children may experience higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression compared to mothers of children who are not obese or overweight. By modifying the lifestyle of mothers, it is possible to help improve the psychological health of mothers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to the effectiveness of health-oriented lifestyle education on parenting stress and health-related quality of life in mothers of obese and overweight children.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the current study included all mothers with obese and overweight children in primary school in Tehran in the academic year of 2014-2016, who did not undergo any weight loss intervention. The sample size was determined through G*power software in such a way that the study has the necessary power to detect a difference of at least 1 unit in the level of quality of life and parenting stress between the experimental and control groups. Assuming the probability of the first type of error is 5% and the probability of the second type of error is 20%, and assuming a standard deviation of 0.9, the number of samples equal to about 15 people for each group was obtained. Then, parenting stress index short questionnaires (36 questions) and two versions of the quality of life questionnaire related to mother and child health (10 questions) were distributed to both groups. After that, the health-oriented lifestyle training program was implemented in the form of 10 sessions 90 minutes and once a week in the experimental group. Then the questionnaires mentioned above were filled out again immediately by both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software and the covariance analysis method. Also, the significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results of covariance analysis for each of the subscales of quality of life related to health and parenting stress show that in all components (except for ineffective interaction) between the two test and control groups in the post-test, after removing There is a significant difference in the pre-test effect (P<0.001).

Therefore, it can be said that teaching a healthy lifestyle to the mothers of obese and overweight children can improve the performance of mothers in relation to their children and also reduce their stress.

Mothers in the family can influence the academic performance of adolescents with their psychological characteristics. The purpose of this research was to compare the academic performance of adolescents in monogamous and polygamous families based on mental health and the attribution Style of mothers.

The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the research consists of adolescents aged 14 to 18 and mothers of monogamous and polygamous families in Saravan city. 240 people, including 120 adolescents from polygamous and monogamous families and 120 mothers from polygamous and monogamous families, were selected by available and targeted sampling method.
Goldberg and Hillier (1979) general health questionnaire and Peterson and Seligman (1982) attribution style were used to collect data. The obtained data have been analyzed using independent groups t-test and multivariate analysis of variance with SPSS software. 

The results of the research showed that the academic performance of adolescents in monogamous families is better than the academic performance of adolescents in polygamous families (P=0/002, T=3/194).  Also, the results showed that the academic performance of adolescents in monogamous families whose mothers have no mental symptoms and moderate mental symptoms is better than their peers in polygamous families (P=0/031, T=2/21). Another finding of the research showed that the academic performance of adolescents in monogamous families is better than the academic performance of adolescents in polygamous families based on the optimistic attribution style of mothers (P=0/002, T=3/18).

According to the results of the research, it is suggested to pay attention to mental health and familiarization of mothers with attribution Style to improve the academic performance of children in polygamous families.

Resilience is the ability of people to effectively adapt to the environment exposed to dangerous factors. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of teaching self-regulation strategies, motivation, and self-compassion on the resilience of male secondary school students with low academic performance.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, and post-test design with a control group. The subjects of the research included 90 students of the 11th grade of boys' high schools with low academic performance in Tabriz in the academic year of 1402-1401, which were selected by cluster random method and randomly placed in each of the experimental and control groups. The first group received a training course on self-regulating motivational strategies in 10 sessions, the second group underwent 10 sessions of self-compassion training, and the third group (control) continued with their normal classroom programs at the same time. The tool used included the Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the covariance test at a significance level of 0.05.

The group that used self-regulation strategies of motivation saw an increase in their resilience scores from an initial mean (standard deviation) of (13.8) 53.7 before the intervention to (16.5) 64 after the intervention. Similarly, the self-compassion group also showed an increase in their resilience scores from an initial mean (standard deviation) of (14.5) 52.5 before the intervention to (16.6. 69) after the intervention. Data analysis using univariate covariance analysis showed that self-regulation strategies of motivation and self-compassion have different effects on resilience and self-compassion training is more effective in increasing resilience.

Planning for interventions to promote literacy among low-achieving male students appears to be more effective if further education is needed. It is recommended that these two trainings be used in schools to improve the resilience of students with low academic performance.