مجله پژوهش های سیاست اسلامی
پیاپی 15 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

Jihadi management is a new keyword in organizational and management knowledge that has attracted the attention of many experts in a very short time span. Since this concept is rooted in Islamic culture, it can provide the basis for transferring of the existing capacities in the phenomenon of “Jihad” as a rooted ideological phenomenon in the area of organization and management, as well as the political management of Islamic society. Considering the availability of Nahj al-Balaghah as the most important source of access to the statements of the Amir al-Mu’menin, especially during his rule over society, the question is whether the fundamental themes and theorems related to his Jihadi politics and management can be elicited? Therefore, in order to provide a criteria beyond time and space, this study aims to elicit the basic themes and theorems of Jihadi politics and management in the life and speech of Amir al-Mu’menin in Nahj al-Balaghah. The entire text of Nahj al-Balaghah was analyzed while being hinted in 5255 codes and in ten levels using the MAXQDA qualitative analysis software by the strategy of “case study” method and subsequently the “content analysis” method. The findings of this study are the formed themes at ten levels, which were classified under the three dimensions of “Amir al-Mu’menin’s milieu”, “his characteristics” and “Jihadi politics and management system.” And a network of coherent themes related to this issue, as well as, twenty-nine basic descriptive theorems based on this network was obtained. As a final result of the research, the data obtained from the network of themes and the twenty-nine theorems based on that network were rearranged in the form of three dimensions, ten components and thirty-two indicators.

Diplomacy, in the sense of negotiation technique, is a term that is common in foreign policy and that each system is shaped by its ideology and values. Monotheistic and Shari'a-based diplomacy, in addition to observing Islamic law, promotes dignity and prevention of war and peace between nations. Therefore research about it is important for epistemology. The point of this study is that some may dismiss the role of religious values ​​and, at the very least, monotheism in foreign policy of the Islamic Republic, because of their lack of understanding of the infrastructures of monopoly diplomacy, which in turn may undermine the dignity and dignity of religious values. The dignity of the Islamic system. So the question is what is monotheism diplomacy and what are its bases and infrastructure? This article, with an Islamic view and a descriptive-analytical approach, explores the nature of monotheistic diplomacy and its foundations, and concludes that monotheistic diplomacy is a technique of international relations administration based on the sacred shari'a of Islam formed from the infrastructure and foundations of monotheism. It can maintain the Islamic Republic's foreign policy in accordance with Islamic law and save its dignity and dignity and maintain its dignity.

The purpose of this research is to design a model of sustainable governance based on the government decree of Ali al-Malik Ashtar. The method of conducting this research is qualitative and inductive. The content analysis technique was used to extract the content. The source examined in this study is Ali's command to Malik Ashtar in Nahj al-Balagha. The research findings show that in order to establish and perpetuate sustainable governance in the country, the requirements for sustainable economic development management and ecological sustainable development management requirements and social sustainable development management requirements and political sustainable development management requirements are needed and if they are compromised. Part of the Islamic State is being harmed. The results, based on the research data, indicate that the above four requirements must be sought at the four levels of economic, ecological, social and political. The achievement of the objectives of these levels is effective in the formation and establishment of sustainable governance in such a way that it is expressed at the economic level of economic justice, at the ecological level of environmental justice, at the social level of social justice, and at the political level of political justice. In other words, the establishment and implementation of economic, environmental, social and political justice is important in the formation of sustainable governance.

The Islamic Revolution, led by Imam Khomeini, gained independence on the basis of religious democracy. One of the important fields of study that the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution demands and is of great importance because of the scope of his influence is to explain the principles governing the Islamic policy of Imam Khomeini. In view of the importance of this issue, the present study identifies, explains and analyzes the principles governing the Islamic policy of Imam Khomeini. The type of research is descriptive-analytical. Qualitative content analysis method was used for data collection and the source of analysis is 22 volumes of Imam Sahifah. According to the research findings, 23 principles of Imam Khomeini's Islamic policy principles were identified and explained. The results show that the principles and bases of Islamic teachings and culture are the foundation and the main spirit of Imam Khomeini's policies and thus it can be said that Imam Khomeini's policy principles imply that Imam's policy is the same as Imam's religion and in the political school. Imam, spirituality is intertwined with politics and power with ethics.

The revolutionary system of the Islamic Republic of Iran has gone beyond the historical and evolutionary stages of development, institutionalization, establishment, sacred defense and stabilization and infrastructure development at enormous but costly infrastructure costs (value, insight and secretary). Is. It is now modeling progress and state-building, socialization and unification up to the boundaries of modern Islamic civilization in its short-term and transnational national and transnational perspectives, in the short and medium term, and in the long-run, long-run and long-run respectively. This needs to be further enhanced by efficiency. The challenge of furthering its national strategic and structural efficiency to achieve its vision and achieve its long-term goals lies ahead of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Planning and Explaining the Effectiveness and Effectiveness of the Political System, Nation and Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran) The Role of Islamic-Iranian Modeling of Progress is especially the modeling of the state in the effective systematic and state-building. Given the influential and even decisive role of government and its effectiveness in determining the fate of the nation and the efficiency of the political system, the key question is: What is the efficient state-building of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The sub questions also ask why, what and how this state-building. The hypothesis of this study is: "Islamic-Iranian modeling of progress will further enhance the efficiency of the Islamic Republic of Iran". The following is the explanation of the hypothesis: In this article we critique the discourse and the paradigm of Islamic and Iranian political progress by critiquing the discourse and competing paradigm of Western modernist monotheism and theorizing the former Islamic-Iranian civilization. The research method is the analysis of the text and content of works, documents and opinions in this field. The overview is: Islamic-Iranian modeling of progress, while efficient, effective, productive and effective in its intrinsic and extravagant nature, hinders oscillatory and opportunistic pandemic behavior of successive and alternate governments, and contributes to the progress of the country. The Islamic Republic of Iran has become and is becoming.

The idea of ​​social capital in modern thought is based on “utilitarian friendship” and “profit-oriented” relations, and the social capital formed on the basis of such relations is fragile. This study deals with categorizing friendship and love in the thought of Islamic scholars and assessing its capacity to formulate an alternative model for utilitarian social capital. The question is, what is the relationship between the concept of friendship and love in the thought of Islamic scholars and social capital? Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to critically evaluate the utilitarian friendship and social capital based on this kind of friendship and also to understand the concept of friendship proposed in the thought of Islamic scholars from the perspective of social capital. In this paper, the analytical - comparative method is used, which means the method through which a set of thoughts and ideas is examined and by comparing them a qualitative result is achieved. According to the research findings, three levels of friendship can be considered in the views of Islamic scholars: “friendship as a virtue”, “friendship as a means of achieving happiness” and “friendship as a moral worldview”. All three types of friendship have aspects superior to utilitarian friendships that form the basis of modern social capital. The model of friendship and loving relationships formed on the basis of the three relations of friendship hidden in the views of Islamic scholars has the necessary capacity to strengthen the foundations of social capital.

The study of the relationship between security and freedom in human societies is one of the topics of security studies, the application of which plays a significant role in regulating social relations. Understanding the security perspective of thinkers is one of the strategies that can be used to explain the relationship between security and freedom in society. Martyr Motahhari is one of the scholars who has discussed security issues in his works. This article seeks to obtain Martyr Motahhari’s views on the relationship between security and freedom in the macro-political system in three political, cultural and economic dimensions. The hypothesis of the present article is that security and freedom in the thought of Martyr Motahhari have a transcendental interaction ratio. The hypothesis of the article has been investigated, using the method of  “Sabr va Taqseem” argumentation, and the theory of recruitment of Allameh Tabatabai. One of the findings of this article shows that from the perspective of Martyr Motahhari, in the socio-political system of Islam, security and freedom in the context of the just laws of Islam, have a transcendental interaction with each other. Accordingly, the priority of one of them (security and freedom) over the other leads to transformation from a state of justice to a state of oppression, and creates one-sided recruitment and unfair relations in society, and the continuation of that situation, while threatening the very spirit of security and freedom in all three political, cultural and economic dimensions also threatens the movement in the direction of the divine sublimation of society.

The models of development and progress as software and theoretical precursors of civilization, each based on the principles and system of thought specific to human religions and schools, are designed and presented to respond to one of the genuine human super needs, that is, call for the growth and development. These models are themselves organized into sub-models in all aspects of human personal and social life, including the model of political progress of society. Achieving the model of political progress of the society based on the thought-provoking system of the Holy Quran, as the most complete heavenly book free from distortion, is the main purpose of this article. The question raised here is, what model does the Holy Quran introduce in order to develop the society politically? In order to draw the models and its components, the research uses the qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach and in order to discover and explain the components of the model, the qualitative content analysis with inductive approach and description and analysis are used respectively. The findings of the study show that based on the idea of ​​Quranic development, the optimal political orientation of human society is not one-dimensional and one-sided, but with a semantic and comprehensive approach, in both material and spiritual life areas and in the bedrock of the path of divine worship is organized towards the aim of its growth (nearness to God).

Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States occupied Iraq in March 2003 in the form of beforehand war and fighting against terrorism, seeking to expand its influence in the Middle East. After the occupation of Iraq, the United States tried to manage the crisis, but failed. The crisis has had a profound effect not only on Iraq but also on countries in the region, including Iran. In the surveys conducted in this field, only one dimension of the subject has been considered. Therefore, the main question raised in this article is, what opportunities the US model of behavior in managing the Iraq crisis has provided for Iran? The hypothesis of the article is that the inefficiency of the American model of behavior in Iraq has provided opportunities for Iran. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the data is gathered via library and internet. The aim of this study is to analyze Iran’s opportunities in post Saddam Iraq in the light of the US behavioral model. The findings also depict that US incompetence in Iraq has led to some achievements for Iran, such as an increase in political influence and influence in the region, increase in Iran’s trade and economic balance with Iraq, and increase in influence among Iraqi groups due to their mistrust to the United States, strengthening the axis of resistance and increasing the soft power.

Regarding the numerous crises in the Islamic world, the question raised here is, what is the practical plan of the Qur’an to get out of these crises. It can be said that the jihad model is one of the most central programs that has strategic capacities and a decisive role in solving the micro and macro crises of the Islamic world. Despite extensive research on jihad in Qur’an, the model of jihad has not yet been established in the manner described in the Qur’an. For the first time this study, relying on the system of Islamic epistemology with a topical interpretation approach and the logical method of producing theory, explains the model of jihad in written form. The findings of this article depicts that the conceptual structure of the jihad model is based on the three concepts of “position”, “power” and “duty”, and the executive structure of the jihad model includes the four strategies of explaining, equipping, stimulating and threatening (action and practice) which in its process form take precedence in action, inspired by three concepts. The dynamism of the jihadist model, based on the cycle of attempt to do the duties and the cycle of attempt to improve the situation, creates a dynamic cycle and a driving force that brings security and happiness to Islamic societies.

Due to its connection with the survival and stability of the system, the efficiency of the political system of the Islamic Republic is of high importance. On the one hand, this has doubled the importance of evaluating efficiency in the realization of political justice as the main goal of the Islamic Republic. Therefore, the present study, in response to the main question of how successful the political system of the Islamic Republic has been in achieving political justice in the distribution of political positions, raises the hypothesis that in terms of equality in access to political positions there are always equal conditions for the masses. And any restriction of the supervisory institutions and the executor of the elections have been in line with the implementation of the law. The findings indicate that in the field of equality, there has always been an equal presence of people in the field of candidacy for political positions, and over time, the index of virtue and competence in the getting political positions has received more attention.

This study seeks to answer this question: what grounds and reasons can be given for the withdrawal of the United States from the nuclear deal. Without examining the contexts and factors that influence the decisions of US foreign policy, it is impossible to trace the US withdrawal from JCPOA and start of  an economic war against Iran. This article takes advantage of “James Rosina’s theory of continuity.” Rosina, who is a representative of the combination of two levels of micro and macro analysis in theoretical models of analyzing foreign policy behaviors, believes that in examining and analyzing foreign policy of each country, we must pay attention to five categories of main variables: individual, role, government, society and finally international system. The findings of this study on the withdrawal of the United States from JCPOA and the confrontation with Iran’s asymmetric deterrence strategy show that although the central sign of this phenomenon is Trump’s individual and personality variable, other variables, despite direct impact on US foreign policy towards Iran, have largely emerged as intermediate, stimulating and influential opportunistic factors in the context of Trump’s personality conditions.