مجله پژوهش پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 65 (خرداد و تیر 1399)

today, spiritual health is considered as the forth dimension of health, and its public acceptance is a result of the considerable influence that spirituality generally has on other dimensions of health. The purpose of this review is to introduce the variouse types of spiritual health.

In this review study on the typology of spirituality, books and disserations that were written betwen 1984 and 2019 were reviewed. The search for articles was done through the use of Magiran, Google Scholar, SID, Psychlit, Ebsco, Proquest, and Libgen databases. The keywords used in the searches included spirituality, spiritual health, and spiritual typology.

through the analysis of aforementioned points, there emerged four different facets of spirituality in relation with spiritual health. these four facets of spirituality are as follows: well being spirituality, shunyata spirituality, yoga spirituality, and happiness spirituality.

These four types of spirituality can serve as the basis for health-centred care and models for improvement of spiritual health in patients.

Health promotion is a new mission of hospitals, and the mission of health promotion hospitals is to change the treatment-oriented approach to the health-oriented approach. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the components of health promotion hospitals.

The present study is an integrated review that searches using the keywords Health Promotion, Evaluation model, Hospitals (HPHs) and review in IranMedex Iran Medical Sciences Article Information; (SID) Published by Jihad Daneshgahi Scientific Database PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, (Magiran) Iran Publications Database, (IranDoc) Iranian Scientific Documents CINAHL, and Google Scholar was obtained. The time of the documents used for the year 2004 to the end of 2018 was determined with the priority of the newer documents. Finally, 76 articles were reviewed. Among the 76 Persian and English articles reviewed, 15 articles were selected that were more closely related to the subject.

Among the 76 Persian and English articles reviewed, 15 articles were selected that were more closely related to the subject. The purpose of establishing health-promoting hospitals was to improve the quality of health care, increase patient satisfaction and their companions, improve the work environment of medical centers, and increase hospital employee satisfaction. The criteria for evaluating a health promotion hospital in the structural dimension consisted of three components (communication and cooperation, organizational development and hospital infrastructure development); all components were of great importance. In the process, which had the highest evaluation criteria (31), four components (management policy; resource planning; patient evaluation and interventions and healthy human capital) were extracted and proposed. In the validation stage, 30 criteria were approved. In the consequential dimension, 27 criteria were obtained in the form of four components (organization leadership, patient health promotion, staff health promotion and community health promotion).

The results of this study can help establish a health promotion hospital with appropriate indicators and standards of hospital centers and can be effective as a valid tool in monitoring, policy, service quality assessment, health promotion, hospital staff and community promotion interventions.

Nursing is a caring profession and nurses need moral courage to provide safe and professional care to clients.

The aim of this study was to determine the moral courage of nurses and related factors.

This descriptive analytical study was conducted among nurses working in the educational hospitals in Tehran in 2016. A sample of 360 nurses was selected by quotas and convenience sampling. Data were collected by self-report method using demographic questionnaire and moral courage questionnaire of nurses. Data analysis was done using SPSS Ver.16 software and descriptive and analytical statistics at a significance level of p <0.05.

the most of the nurses (76 %) have the high level of moral courage (412.42 ± 42.65). Moral self-actualization (230.85±30.74) and risk-taking (139.40±19.97). There were significant correlation between age, working experience, position, working shift, employee status, and participation in professional ethics courses with dimension of moral courage (P value ˂0.05).
Discussion and

according to the findings, participating in professional ethics courses, and the demographic and occupational variables should be considered in staffing and scheduling.

Elderly patients with end‑stage renal disease who undergoing hemodialysis confront the burdens of long‑term illness and numerous physical problems. The empowerment of these patient is based on individual`s partnership in treatment process. Since patients` participation in self-care activities requires self- efficacy and belief in their ability, so this study was conducted to determine the effect of self-management program based of self-empowerment on self-efficacy elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis.

This was a quasi‑experimental study. The elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis from Hasheminejad hospital who were selected by convenience sampling in two groups. Patients were assigned into an experimental group (n=48) and a control group (n=48). Pre-intervention, questionnaires were completed with interviews then in the experimental group, self-management programs were conducted based self-empowerment. The control group received routine hospital and did not receive the intervention. Instrument comprised Sherers’ questionnaire. Data were collected y at baseline and at 4 weeks following the intervention in two groups. Data using SPSS 21 software and were analyzed with Chi-square, U MannWhitney, and T tests.

The findings showed that the most of patients were male, married and retired. The mean age of patients was 69.42±8.39 years. The mean scores in all aspects of self-efficacy was higher in the group experimental after completion of intervention than the control group (P ≤ 0.001).

This study demonstrated that self-management program self- management program on the self-efficacy of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis in the study period has effectiveness. There was a significant relation between self-efficacy and self- management program. Therefore, it is concluded that the diabetic individuals can be significantly improved following instruction by nurses.

Job productivity is a very important issue that affects the overall productivity of the organization and leads to changes in the quality of services and stress reduction. One of the key steps in enhancing job productivity is khowning about effective factors such as perceived organizational support and psychological resiliency. Therefore, the aim of present study was to determine the moderating effect of perceived organizational support and psychological resiliency in the relationship between job stress and job productivity.

In This descriptive-correlational study from the population of the female nurses working in public hospitals of Tehran in the year 2018, a total of 150 were selected using convenience sampling. Data collected via Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire (POSQ), Rice’s Job Stress Questionnaire (RJSQ), Human Resource Productivity Questionnaire (HRPQ) and Resiliency Scale (CD- RICS) and were analyzed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical linear regersion.

The results showed a significant negative relationship between job stress and job productivity (r= -0.46, p<0.01), a significant positive relationship between perceived organizational support with job productivity (r= 0.54, p<0.01), psychological resilience and job productivity (r=0.39, p<0.01). Also, findings of hierarchical regression analysis confirmed moderating role of organizational support Perceived (p<0.01, β =-0.21) and psychological resilience (p<0.01, β =-0.14) in the relationship between job stress and job productivity.

The present study emphasizes the moderating role of perceived organizational support and psychological resilience as important mechanisms in the relationship between job stress and job productivity. Therefore, expanding and extending organizational support by authorities and promoting psychological resilience can be a good way to reduce the negative effects of job stress and increase productivity.

Professionalism is one of the most important determinants of the competence of health care providers which builds trust between the medical staff and the patient and the community. Nursing is a profession based on ethical values due to its nature and if this aspect of the profession be neglected, the efficiency of nursing care for patients will be seriously compromised. The aim of this study is to investigate the status of nursing students' knowledge toward professionalism.
 

This is a cross-sectional study using a valid and reliable questionnaire to assessment the status of nursing students' knowledge toward professionalism in 2018-2019 at Tabriz Islamic Azad University. Sampling was done by census method (n = 270) and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean, Frequency, etc.) and inferential statistics including t test, one-way ANOVA and regression analysis.

A total of 215 nursing students participated in this study (79.6% response rate). The mean score of professionalism knowledge was 5.83 out of 10. The highest score was for the first semester students and the lowest for the fifth semester students. Regression analysis results revealed that students’ number of semester and their previous knowledge with professionalism had a significant and negative relation with professionalism knowledge mean score, controlling for confounding variables of age and gender.

The results showed that the mean score of the status of nursing students' knowledge toward professionalism was not in an acceptable level. Nursing students need continuous and effective educating on professionalism knowledge that they could treat with patients based on the principles of professionalism.

Providing long-term care to Alzheimer's patients is associated with increased risk of physical and mental illness for caregivers. The purpose of this study was to determine the burden of caregiving burden and to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression and burden burden in caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease.

In this cross-sectional study, 315 caregivers aged 20 to 85 years who had direct care of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease for at least 6 months were selected by voluntary sampling. Data collection was done in 1398. The research environment was the Alzheimer's Society of Iran. Data were collected by Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Caregiver Stress Inventory (CBI) and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Frequency percentages, independent T-test, ANOVA were used to achieve the research objectives.

The majority of Alzheimer's caregivers endured moderate to severe care burden in this study, 209 (65.9%). The correlation between caregiver burden and anxiety (0.65) and depression (0.52) was significant (P <0.005). The level of anxiety and depression among most normal to mild caregivers were (71.9%) and (51.7%) respectively. (83%) estimated.

Given the significant relationship between anxiety and depression and burden of caregiving in this study, the health of caregivers of Alzheimer's elderly is an important health issue that needs serious consideration by health professionals and health care providers.

Maintaining a sense of dignity in incurable patients and providing a death with dignity is one of the most important goals of palliative care. In this regard, dignity therapy is considered as a new intervention to promote the sense of dignity of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dignity therapy on the sense of dignity of patients with cancer receiving palliative care.

This is a non-randomized controlled trials study in which 50 patients with cancer who were admitted to the “Entekhab palliative care center" and fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected through convenience sampling and divided into two groups: control group (25 people) and intervention group (25 people). Three 30-60 minute sessions were considered for dignity therapy implementation. The data gathered through self-reporting and interview. Before and two weeks after the dignity therapy, the Demographic and Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) questionnaires were filled by research units and the findings were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Data analysis showed that the mean value of dignity before dignity therapy was (62.20±16.50) and after dignity therapy was (74.36 ± 10.54). As a result, there was a significant statically difference in the intervention and control groups after intervention (p˂0.001).

Considering the positive effect of dignity in promoting the sense of dignity, this approach could be beneficial as a new intervention at the end stage of life of patients with cancer in order to promote their sense of meaning, purpose, dignity and provide a dignified death for these patients.

Women with depression are falling in terms of psychological especially in the field of spiritual intelligence, health concern and psychological distress and one of the effective methods in improving the psychological characteristics is emotion regulation training method. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotion regulation training on spiritual intelligence, health concern and psychological distress in women with depression.

This study was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with an experimental and control groups. The research population was women with depression referred to psychological services clinics of Ahvaz city in 2018 year, who among them 50 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups (each group 25 people). The experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minute for two months (one session a week) emotion regulation training and the control group placed on the waiting list for training. Data were collected by questionnaires of demographic profile, depression, spiritual intelligence, health concern and psychological distress and were analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method in the SPSS-18 software.

The findings showed that before training there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of spiritual intelligence, health concern and psychological distress (P>0/05), but after training there was a significant difference between groups in terms of all three variables (P<0/001). Based on the results of multivariate analysis of covariance, the emotion regulation training led to increased spiritual intelligence (F=107/15, P<0/001) and decreased health concern (F=139/64, P<0/001) and psychological distress (F=142/28, P<0/001) in women with depression.

The results indicated the effect of emotion regulation training on increasing spiritual intelligence and decreasing health concern and psychological distress in women with depression. Therefore, it is recommended that therapists and clinical psychologists use emotion regulation training along with other methods such as mindfulness training or acceptance and commitment training to increase spiritual intelligence and decrease health concern and psychological distress, especially in women with depression.

In the world today, health care systems are confronted with the phenomenon of population movement toward aging. Alzheimer's is a growing disease, and aging is considered an important risk factor. Family caregivers face many challenges in caregiving that make them more susceptible to abuse the person with Alzheimer's. Considering to the needs and quality of life of caregivers and people with Alzheimer's is an important issue. The purpose of this study is to increase awareness in this regard by presenting relevant factors and investigating preventive factors and improving situation.

In this review study, the literature has been systematically searched using articles in English-language databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Persian-language databases SID and Magiran from the beginning to 2019. The keywords Alzheimer's, family caregiver, dementia, abuse and violence and their equivalent in Persian were used in this search. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the articles were selected and entered into the study.

A systematic review of 86 articles was selected. 17 articles were eligible to enter the study. The findings of this study showed that in Asian countries, the overall abuse rate among Alzheimer's patients was between 1.6% and 62.3%, mental abuse between 9.7% and 62.3% and physical abuse between 1.6% and 18%. In Western countries, overall abuse was reported between 5.4% and 51%, psychological abuse between 3.5% and 51% and physical abuse reported between 1.5% and 20%. Different factors are influenced by the caregiver (increased burden of care, depression, anxiety, social level and increased time of care) as well as factors by the caregiver (mental disorder, memory impairment and increased need for ADL).

The results show that by recognizing this issue and its effective factors in a timely manner and implementing programs to increase the ability and resilience of caregivers of Alzheimer's patients to meet the challenges encountered during care and implementing rehabilitation programs for people with Alzheimer's disease can be an important step in preventing abuse and improving conditions and thereby improve the quality of life of caregivers and people with Alzheimer's disease.
Keywords: Alzheimer's; family caregivers; abuse; systematic review