مجله پویش در آموزش علوم پایه
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 13، زمستان 1397)

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the errors of the experimental fourth-grade students in solving word problems based on the Newman's error analysis model in Semirom city. The statistical population of this study included all the experimental fourth-grade students in Semirom in the academic year of 2016-2017, which were 160 people and among them, 120 people were selected through Cochran sampling and stratified random sampling method proportional to the volume. This research is applicative in terms of purpose, and is descriptive correlational, in terms of implementation. The data gathering tool was a standard and researcher-made test with 6 questions and a qualitative interview. The findings of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between reading, understanding, converting, processing and encoding errors with students' performance. Correlation coefficient also showed a positive and significant relationship between conceptual and applicative structures, and there is a positive and non-significant relationship between conceptual and computational structures as well as, there is a negative and significant relationship between applicative and computational structures. The highest prevalence of student errors was in the first three phases of Newman's errors (non-mathematical literacy).

In this research, problems related to the understanding of photosynthesis in sixth-grade elementary students of one of the elementary schools of Isfahan were studied. Interviewed with 28 primary school students questions were raised about the chemical and environmental issues of photosynthesis. Data were analyzed using Graph pad prism software. One of the problems encountered in the study's findings is the problem of understanding that substances such as water and carbon dioxide can build on existing body and the living organism as a chemical substance, the difficulty in understanding that carbon dioxide is a critical source for plants. Also, many saw photosynthesis as breathing. Problems have also been found in students' concepts like the oxygen cycle in nature and autotrophic feeding as the first step in the food chain. Given these problems, it is recommended that the curriculum modified in a way that reduces students' ambiguity and teachers use more practical examples in their teaching to prevent misunderstandings among students.

From the distant times, understanding and understanding the concepts of mathematics and geometry for most students and students has been an acute problem. In particular, understanding the concepts of geometry, which is associated with spatial visualization, makes the problems of understanding and learning double. Geometry and polygons, in particular, are one of the important tools that can help eliminate these ambiguities. In the process of teaching-learning in the subject of geometric drawings and reasoning, there are many factors and elements involved, the teacher has to organize this set of factors in order to positively influence his class, so that he will use all the tools and professional knowledge he possesses to maximize his use. Takes. To take advantage of them, teachers must have different thinking skills. Thoughtful action of teachers plays a key role in improving the quality of teaching and learning in class. The study of Thales's theorem and similarity in geometric shapes are of great importance. In this paper, the basic concepts of geometry are considered. Then, using the drawing tool, problems that are obscure for students or learners are answered.

The purpose of the current research is pathology and studying the functions resulting from the implementation of internship curriculum in the basic sciences groups of Farhangian University. Statistical population of this study was the student teachers of Shahid Sherafat Higher Education Center entering the year 2014 and 145 person of them were selected as samples. Then 37 questions about 7main criteria assessment of Farhangian University, internship course’s general lecturer, internship course’s expert lecturer Schools where interns go for internship, teachers who guide interns, self-assessment of internships and finally assessment of the Education department were designed and on question asked about major which were verified by Professors of Educational Science then a 5-choice questionnaire was designed based on Likert Scale. Data analysis was done using one-sample t-test, paired t-test and one way analysis of variance.The results of the study showed that all factors involved in the mentioned internship were not successful and were unfavorable boundary, meanwhile, the most injury was from the education departments and the least injury was from interns students. Also, the results of the comparison between the basic sciences showed that the most injury was suffered by the biology group and the least injury was the physics group.

One of the most important problems in biology education is the lack of coherent and long-term understanding of students from the content of science and the very limited ability to apply their knowledge of life.

In this research, the purpose of identifying the effectiveness of the teaching method and designing the operational questions of the basic biology of the tenth is considered on the levels of cognitive domain learning.

The statistical population of this study is all schoolchildren who are deprived of public school in the city of Bakhrz (Khorasan Razavi) and cluster sampling. In this design, a sample of the first-order test questionnaire was used, containing 11 questions of operational power that was used to understand and apply. In this project, 80 students were randomly assigned into 4 groups

The results showed that teaching and designing of the questions in the operational way was significant on the amount of learning (reminder level). The results also showed that this teaching method was meaningful and effective on the depth of students learning (understanding and applying). Therefore, the teaching and designing methodology of the 10th basic biology can enhance the depth of learning.