Multidisciplinary Cancer Investigation
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Jul 2020

Tanzania continues to enjoy stability and growth in different sectors similar to other countries; however, some challenges persist in the health sector, especially in the area of cancer care. The current study aimed at reviewing social economic status (SES), as well as factors contributing to the increased burden of breast cancer (BC) in Tanzania. The current study reviewed different articles and literature from nationally/internationally published statistics, academic publications, health information of non-governmental organizations, academic researchers, and other sources of health information  to better understand the socioeconomic and BC care status in Tanzania. The current review results showed that BC is still the second most prevalent malignant disease in Tanzania, and most of the patients referring to medical centers are in the advanced stage of the disease due to shortage and unaffordability of health care services. The majority of health-related interventions and investments target infectious diseases,including HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, as well as maternal and child health-relatedconditions, compared to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as BC. In spite of some setbacks and improvements in healthcare facilities (e g, novel techniques for early detection), the best way to address BC care is affordable fees for clinical and laboratory investigations, accessible treatment, palliative care, follow-up, rehabilitative care, and better management and allocation of resources.

Information is a vital requirement like other human vital needs. One of the information every patient needs is about the health and ways of preventing diseases and information for their treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that there is no significant correlation among demographics variables and the health information-seeking behavior of patients with cancer in Shahid Bahonar Hospital and Javad Al-Aemeh clinic in Kerman during the academic year 2017-2018.

The research method was descriptive and the data were collected through Lango’s  information-seeking  behavior  questionnaire.  To  investigate  the  research hypotheses, independent statistical methods and one-way ANOVA were used.

The results showed that younger patients seek health information through electronic resources as compared with other patients. Male patients were more actively receiving their health information than females, and female patients were receiving their health information through interpersonal interaction. High-educated and wealthy patients in capital cities received their health information actively on the Internet; while patients with poor-quality living standards received their health information inactively through physicians and interpersonal interaction.

According to our research results, there was a significant relationship among demographic variables and people with cancer information-seeking behavior.

Early diagnosis of gastric cancer is the best solution for reversing cancer and curing patients. So far, gastric cancer is diagnosed in late stages due to misinterpretation of symptoms or absence of specific symptoms. Highly sensitive and selective detection methods for biomarkers are needed for early detection.

This paper proposed a new fast screening method, based on the utilization of a new stochastic microsensor, able to reliably perform the molecular recognition and quantitative determination of three biomarkers including CA19-9, CEA, and p53 in biological samples such as whole blood, saliva, urine, and tumoral tissue.

The limits of determination were lower than those used for the standard assay of these biomarkers in the specialized laboratories (e.g., ELISA, chemiluminescence) and this can facilitate the determination of CA19-9, CEA, and p53 at very low levels in biological fluids. The validation of the method was done; using biological samples (urine, saliva, whole blood, and tumoral tissues) from confirmed patients.

The proposed tools and method proposed in this paper can be used as a screening test for early diagnosis of gastric cancer as well as to follow up on the efficiency of the proposed patients.

As carcinoma cervix mostly occurs after the age of 50 in women, it is mandatory to cytologically examine all the postmenopausal women above 45 to detect the onset of any premalignant changes in the cervix. The present study was conducted on 537 postmenopausal women living in rural areas and the collected data were analyzed in terms of predisposing factors of cervical carcinogenesis.

The 537 postmenopausal women were selected from the 183 rural camps organized during cervical cancer screening in the villages of Lucknow from May 2013 to December 2019.

Though the frequency of atypical squamous cell changes of unknown significance (ASCUS) was very low (2.4%) in the postmenopausal women, but of squamous intraepithelial lesions of cervix (SIL) was very high (15.6%). A rise was observed in the SIL rate with increasing duration of menopause up to the age of 60 after which it declined. Candida albicans infection was the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) and was mostly observed during the early menopausal years of 45-50 years. Different cervical lesions and gynecological symptoms were also observed mostly in the early menopause years. The SIL rate was higher with cervical lesions and postmenopausal bleeding (29.6%). The parity showed a reverse trend in postmenopausal women compared with perimenopausal ones, being higher in the nulliparous women and declining with increased parity.

The SIL rate was high in postmenopausal women living in the rural areas which increased with increasing duration of menopause up to the age of 60. The Pap smear screening is, therefore, mandatory in older women to exclude any premalignancy.

Radical prostatectomy is an effective curative treatment option for organ-confined prostate cancer. There is a recent trend in offering curative treatment to patients with oligometastatic disease. More sensitive imaging modalities can identify oligometastatic disease that is not usually detected by conventional imaging techniques.

We present a case in which a solitary left para-aortic metastatic lesion was ablated; using CyberKnife image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy with negative margins and negative lymph node status.

With the increasing number of patients diagnosed with oligometastatic prostate cancer, there is a paradigm shift towards its treatment with curative intent. The unusual sites of metastasis, can be cured effectively with Cyber Knife technology, whilst minimising adverse effects. Our report is an effort to highlight this technique as an effective treatment modality to be used and popularised as a standard option.