فصلنامه پرستاری دیابت
سال هشتم شماره 2 (بهار 1399)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major epidemic public health problem of the 20th century. One of the most common complications of DM is peripheral neuropathy. This complication remains a big unsolved challenge for DM patients, endocrinologists, and nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a warm foot bath on peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 diabetic patients at the Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Yazd, Iran. The study population was selected using the convenience sampling technique. They were randomly assigned into two groups of control (receiving routine care) and intervention (receiving routine care plus a warm foot bath). A warm foot bath was administered for 8 sessions lasting 20 min every other day, over 2 weeks. The data collection tool (i.e., a questionnaire) was completed by interviewing and examination in three phases (i.e., before the intervention and two weeks and one month after the intervention). The data were analyzed in SPSS software.

According to results, the mean neuropathy scores were obtained as 7.24, 4.51, and 4.39 before the intervention, two weeks post-intervention, and one month after the intervention, respectively. Based on the physical examination, these values were estimated at 4.09, 3.12, and 2.90 for the mentioned time points, respectively. With regard to the control group, the mean neuropathy scores in the three phases were respectively 7.48, 7.7, and 6.78 based on the history taking and 4.33, 4.7, and 3.84 according to the physical examination. The results revealed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the posttest mean neuropathic score (P<0.001).

Considering the mean changes in peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients, a warm foot bath can be recommended as an effective and simple nonpharmacological and home care intervention. However, it is required to perform further research in this domain.

Diabetes is the most common chronic metabolic disease, and diabetic patients are one of the main groups at risk for Corona disease. Health concern, psychological hardiness, and positive meta-worry are among anxiety-related factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict Coronavirus anxiety in diabetic patients based on health concern, psychological hardiness, and positive meta-worry.

The current study had a cross-sectional correlational design. The research population included diabetic patients in Ahvaz in 2020 among whom 500 cases were selected by voluntary sampling. Data collection tools were Coronavirus anxiety scale, Health Concern Questionnaire, psychological hardiness scale, and positive meta-worry scale. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression.

As evidenced by the obtained results health concern (r=0/398) had a positive and significant relationship with Coronavirus anxiety in diabetic patients. On the other hand, psychological hardiness (r=-0/276) and positive meta-worry (r=-0/311) had a negative and significant relationship with their Coronavirus anxiety. Moreover, the variables of health concern, psychological hardiness, and positive meta-worry significantly could predict 26.5% of Coronavirus anxiety variance in diabetic patients, and health concern had a higher odds ratio (P<0.01).

Due to the ability of health concern, psychological hardiness, and positive meta-worry in predicting Coronavirus anxiety of diabetic patients, it is recommended to design some programs to reduce health concern and increase psychological hardiness and positive meta-worry and implement them using virtual and electronic workshops.

Diabetes is a chronic, progressive, and highly prevalent disease. The delivery of associated training to diabetic patients plays an important role in improving their living condition. As a result, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of self-management training on stress, mental health, and self-care behaviors in patients with type II diabetes.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research population corresponded to a group of patients (n=60) with type II diabetes referring to the health care centers located in Varamin, Iran, in 2019. The study population was selected based on the eligibility criteria using the purposive sampling method and then randomly assigned into two equal groups. The research tools included the stress and mental wellbeing questionnaires and revised diabetes self-care behaviors scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) using the Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The findings showed no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of gender, age, marital status, and education level (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the two groups at the pretest stage considering stress, mental health, and self-care behaviors (P>0.05). However, the results of the posttest stage revealed a significant difference between the research groups in terms of all three variables (P<0.001). In other words, self-management training led to the reduction of stress and enhancement of mental health and self-care behaviors in patients with type II diabetes (P<0.001).

The results of the present study were indicative of the effect of self-management training on decreasing stress and increasing mental health and self-care behaviors. Therefore, health experts and therapists in the field of diabetic patient health can use self-management training, along with other training methods, to improve the psychological condition of these patients.

Neuropathy is one of the most prevalent side effects of type II diabetes mellitus. This disorder is an early complication in type II diabetic patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of neuropathy among subjects with type II diabetes.

The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out on a total of 195 patients with type 2 diabetes in Zahedan, Iran, in 2018 using systematic sampling. To determine the severity of neuropathy, the nerve and muscle measurement tests of electromyography and nerve conduction velocity were performed. Neuropathy was categorized into three sensory, motor, and autosomal groups. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).

The results of the present study showed that the overall prevalence of neuropathy in diabetic patients referring to the diabetic clinic was 42.1% (n=82). Regarding the distribution of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Zahedan, 72% (n=59), 24.4% (n=20), and 3.7% (n=3) of the patients were diagnosed with sensory neuropathy, motor neuropathy, and autonomic neuropathy, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the studied variables, such as age, disease duration, blood sugar, triglyceride, and hypertension, with the type of neuropathy.

According to the obtained results, the prevalence of neuropathy has been increasing in diabetic patients; therefore, special health planning is required to control diabetes for the reduction of the complications of the disease. It is recommended to provide access to periodic screening methods for patients and individuals at risk with positive family history, previous cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and age of over 30 years. In case diabetes can be better controlled, the associated side effects can be decreased, which in turn can reduce the effects of disability and treatment costs

Regard to the wide range of physical and psychological problems of patients with diabetes and high rates of diabetic patients in Iran and the presence of a many number of them in stressful work environments and for a several reasons, they have low self-efficacy perceptions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-care training on perceived job stress and perceived self-efficacy among type II diabetic patients at the Iranian Diabetes Association Center, Gabrick and some clinics based in Tehran in spring and summer of 2019.

this research is practical and quasi-experimental and the research design was pre-test and post-test with control group and 3 months’ follow-up. The statistical population of this study includes type 2 diabetic workers at the Iranian Diabetes Association Center, Gabrick and some clinics based in Tehran. 100 type II diabetic workers were contacted to participate in the research process, and 34 of them expressed their readiness to participate in a training program that was randomly divided into two groups of 17 each and assigned randomly in experimental and control groups and Self-care training was trained as treatment variable to diabetic patients, whereas no any training to control group. The instruments used in this study were perceived job stress questionnaire, perceived self-efficacy questionnaire and self-care training package. Data were analyzed by use of repeated analysis of variances and with use of SPSS software.

The results showed that the mean scores of job stress perception and self-efficacy perception in the post-test were higher than the pre-test group in the experimental group compared to the control group, which shows the improvement of the mentioned variables in the experimental group. In other words, self-care training has a significant effect on increasing the perception of job stress and self-efficacy in people with type II diabetes in the post-test phase (p <0.01) and this effect remains in the follow-up phase.

According to the result, it is suggested to managers of organizations and practitioners of the health system of Iran, the necessity of closed self-care education to reduce perception of job stress and improve perception of self-efficacy in type II diabetic workers and all employees of organizations.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. Due to the arbitrary use of Urtica dioica among diabetics, this study aimed to investigate the effect of this herb on the control of diabetes.

This review study was performed using the Persian and English keywords, such as "type 1 diabetes and 2", "insulin", "herbal medicine", and "Urtica dioica" among valid databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, Science Direct, and SID from 2000 to 2019. Subsequently, out of 127 articles, the results of 16 studies were examined in this review.

The mechanisms investigated in these studies included DNA damage, increased numbers of beta-cells, increasedexpression of GLUT4 on the muscular cell surface, inhibition of atrophy of beta-cells, rearrangement of histology of isletsofLangerhans, and stimulation of insulinsecretion. Few positive results have been reported in the clinical models of diabetes on this extract.

According to the current study, Urtica dioica extract can control blood glucose levels through different mechanisms. Further studies with a wider number of samples to evaluate the exact mechanism of this extract on clinical specimens (in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes) with and without insulin consumption and dosage are among the important issues in evaluating the effect of this extract