فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 50 (تابستان 1399)

With the rise of Russian nationalists and Eurasianists, the Middle East has become strategically important in Russia's regional and global calculations. In this context, the development of relations with key actors in the Middle East subsystem, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, has been one of Russia's foreign policy priorities. But Tehran and Riyadh are pursuing conflicting interests in the region, which poses a challenge to Russia's diplomatic apparatus. Given this issue, the research question is based on how Russia, while maintaining relations with Tehran and Riyadh, has managed the conflict in their relations in line with its regional interests? The hypothesis of the article is based on the fact that Russia has tried to establish independent relations with both countries simultaneously based on a completely realistic and pragmatic approach, in order to serve its regional as well as global interests. The research method is analytical-explanatory and the theoretical approach of realism has been used to explain the subject. Findings show that in relation to the issue of Iran's nuclear activities, regional influence and its presence in Syria, the confrontation of the Resistance Front with the Arab-Hebrew coalition and Iran's support for the Yemeni Houthis in the war With Saudi Arabia, Kremlin leaders ignored the Saudis' demands and instead pursued a policy of coordination with Tehran in the national interest.

The main purpose of this study is to design a new method for image recognition in international relations. According to image theory, images are said to play an important role in decision-making and policy-making; It is believed that leaders make decisions not on the basis of "reality" but on the basis of their "image of reality". In this regard, the discovery of the subject-identifier image of the known object can be used to explain and even predict the decisions made by the subject-identifier. In this regard, this study has tried in an innovative way to count the image of Barack Obama as President of the United States of Iran from Iran. So the main question is what is President Barack Obama's image of Iran and what are its characteristics? The results of this study show that Barack Obama's image of Iran is similar to the stereotypical image of "relative enemy". This result was obtained by examining the three dimensions of Iran's position, capability, and political values ​​from Obama's point of view, which include threatening, relative power, and different political values, respectively.

Transparency in revealing how rulers make decisions, in the field of power as an indicator of the quality of politics and governance, is one of the main foundations of democracy and republic and one of the factors of social evaluation in creating good governance. Transparency is one of the tools of public oversight of the parliament and influences the decision-making process in countries and can prepare the ground for change in the field of legislation and be an opportunity to start structural reforms in various sectors of society. The main question of the article is that what role does the transparency of the votes of the representatives of the European and Iranian parliaments play in the efficiency of the parliament from the perspective of good governance? In response, it can be hypothesized that the transparency of the votes of the representatives of the European and Iranian parliaments can play a strategic role in realizing the inherent right of the people to be aware of citizenship rights, monitor the performance of their representatives and be aware of the legislative process. Finally, to ensure the health and efficiency of the performance of the parliaments of Iran and the European Union. Conclusion The article concludes that transparency is important not only domestically but also internationally, and that the interaction between the two can help make parliaments more efficient.

Britain is a member of the European Union that has never had a close relationship with the organization and in some cases has not even accepted the EU framework in the field of finance and visas. The latest example of Britain's reluctance to join the union can be seen in the 2016 secession referendum. Britain's secession from the European Union has drawn opposition from both the people and the political parties. In this paper, the authors collect political development views as well as the views of the main British parties on the election through the secondary analysis method and then use the descriptive-analytical method to examine the impact of political development theories as an independent variable on the parties' approach They have chosen the issue of choice as a dependent variable. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the views of British political parties in the selection process based on theories of political development. The results of this study show that relying on theories of political development, it is possible to analyze to a large extent the views of British political parties in the field of election. The Labor Party, for example, agrees with the election, but is opposed to political development, as it seeks things like the state economy.

A common feature among constructivists is the attention to the formative and structured relationship between structure and agent. Now the question is whether it is possible to use the components and research variables of constructivist theory in the field of internal studies of a country and in the field of political science? On the other hand, considering that the main sources of ontology and epistemology of constructivism in the field of international relations research are in the fields of sociology, psychology and philosophy of science, it is possible that among the various branches of constructivism, total constructivism Used orientalism in explaining the internal issues of a country and in this way the nature and continuity of power relations; Identity sources of domestic and foreign policy; The role of identity components in daily life and popular beliefs and political culture; Investigating power relations based on identity and cultural components; The role of media, social networks and globalization in daily life, political beliefs and governance in a country; Examining the sources of sustained legitimacy of a political, formative and structured system of relations between the structure and the agent in a country; Can be considered as the most important fields of research in political science based on constructivist theory. Due to the fundamental and at the same time practical purpose of the research subject, the methodology of the research is interpretive and interpretive in which in order to answer the main question of the hypothesis, the library, documentary and historical research methods are inductive, comparative and in Some interrogative cases are used.

Mr. Rouhani's plan for moderation as the president of the 11th and 12th governments, along with interactive and flexible approaches, was welcomed by the EU countries, and with the start of the nuclear talks that led to the nuclear deal, a new chapter of cooperation and Opened interaction with the European Union. Assessing the relations between the parties from the period of 1392 until now shows that all the factors and variables of the discourse in the foreign policy of Mr. Rouhani's government towards a kind of realism in the sense of understanding the international scene and acting based on the country's interests and capacities and avoiding They have played a role in ideologizing issues and improving relations. In the framework of constructivist theory and content analysis, this article intends to explain the effective elements of Mr. Rouhani's government's moderation discourse that have influenced relations with the European Union. All the elements of this discourse evoke approaches to de-escalation and interaction with the world and presenting a responsible and committed face to international laws and regulations, which, by raising these issues, fundamentally changes the EU's belief in the Islamic Republic's foreign policy. Iran was created and shifted foreign policy and bilateral relations from past confrontational approaches to engagement and detente.

The wave of revolutions in Arab countries has had a great impact on the strategic position and interests of Iran's regions. The most important of these waves is the arrival of its regional ally, Syria, led by Bashar al-Assad. From the beginning of the unrest, Iran's support for the Syrian regime was clear. The Islamic Republic of Iran followed the developments in Syria with special care and sensitivity, and as an important regional actor and power, tried to take action in order to maintain strategic relations with this country and also to protect its national and regional interests. To take positions in support of the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the question of what factors and requirements have influenced the policy and stance of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Syrian crisis? The present article, while pointing to the realistic dimensions of Iran's foreign policy, based on the identity components of the Islamic Republic of Iran, analyzes the country's positions on the Syrian crisis. In general, the present study suggests that Iran's foreign policy, and in particular its participation in the Syrian civil war, reflects pragmatism aimed at maintaining the balance of power and maximizing its security while maintaining and expanding revolutionary identity (including religious ethics and normative values). ) have been.

The military offensive against the Yemeni-led Arab-led Arab-led coalition and the firefighting of civilian targets are an illicit justification and a clear indication of the violation of Yemen's territorial integrity.  The legal right to self-defense for the Yemeni people as well as the international responsibility for Saudi Arabia, including the results of this violation, is in the light of international law. The crimes of the Saudis in Yemen are punishable by international criminal law in violation of the principle of separation and non-invasion of civilians and civilian property, the non-use of prohibited weapons and the prevention of the transfer of humanitarian assistance in accordance with humanitarian law, such as acts, Is in violation of the Geneva Conventions and can be considered as a war crime. It can also be seen that with the formation of a coalition and the systematic and systematic attack of Saudi Arabia and the widespread slaughter of the Yemeni people because of their religion, elements of the international crime of genocide can be observed. . Saudi Arabia's unlawful involvement in the attack on Yemen, even if viewed as legitimate in defense of the incumbent president of that country and made it an unconventional armed conflict, is still not justified by the humanitarian violations of the military and civilians.