نشریه پژوهش های اقتصاد صنعتی
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1396)

This paper investigates the relationship between firms’ size and Productivity growth in Iranian Pharmaceutical Industry. The studied sample includes 23 pharmaceutical firms accepted in Tehran stock exchange. The firms are classified in terms of the number of labour into large and small-medium size. Based on the classification, the effect of ownership on the productivity growth has alsobeen studied.  Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate productivity and efficiency changes during the years from 2001 to 2007. The results show that inpharmaceutical industry there is no significant relationship between the size of selected firmsand the growth of total factor productivity.

The question mentioned in the current paper addresses whether the different methods of estimating welfare loss propose the same ranking of different industries based on deadweight loss and their degreeof monopoly. Answering this question is very valuable from the view of the antitrust policies compilation in different industries.Hence, in order to answer the mentioned question, deadweight losses in Iran’sten selected industrieshave been estimated, based on three different theoretical approaches (Structure- Conduct- Performance, Price leadership and industry-wide oligopoly pricing models),over the period 1995 to 2007. The results demonstrate that the ranking of industries according to theirdegree of monopoly, type of theoretical approach and the indicators which are used forcalculating the deadweight losses, are different. Therefore, precautions should be taken in targeting industries for antitrust policy- making. In fact, relyingsolelyon the results of a model, regardless of the structure of the industry, the performance of firms and the adaptation of the model to the conditions of the industries, can be misleading.

It is important to analyze the relationship between inputs in the cement production due to high share of added value and great contribution of cement industry in national product and construction projects. In this paper, returns to scale, elasticities of substitution, function coefficients and economies of scale in Fars Cement Company were estimated and analyzed using the composite cost function and dual cost approach. Using the data for the period 2002 to 2012 and apliying the iterated nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NLSUR), the cost function was estimated. According to the results ofAllen cross partial elasticity for each pair of inputs, labor is a substitution for capital and other services, andcapital and other services are complementary. In addition, the demandfunctions for all factors of production with respect to their prices are inelastic. The other results indicate that the production of cement in Fars Cement Company enjoyed economies of scale and increasing return to scale.

The main aim of this article is to evaluate market structure dominant in food and beverage industry by using the non-structural Panzar-Rosse approach and non-parametric Herfindahl indicators and concentration ratio of four superior firms. For this purpose, the data of 22 active idustries ofthe four-digit ISICcode were used in Iranian food and beverage production over the years 1995-2007.Also in this research,according to the panel data, income and return equations based on Panzar-Rosse  approachhas been estimated using least square dummy variables (LSDV)method. The results obtained from thePanzar-Rosseapproachindicated that Iranian food and beverage industry had a competitive structure and it is far from monopolystructure. In addition, results obtained from theHerfindahl indicators and concentration ratio of four superior firms showed that theconcentration ratio of food and beverage industry was reduced during the mentioned years and more than half of the active classes of this industrywere working in a competitive environment.The most competitive of food and beverage industry’s classes are: “slaughtering of livestock and poultry”(code 1515), “bakery”(code 1545), while the most concentrated of its classes are: “manufacture of Malta and [non-alcoholic] beer”(code 1553), “tea maker”(code 1547).

The objective of this research is to decompose electricity intensity based on the parametric approach (translog cost function) as well as to evaluate the relationship between technology change and electricity intensity in the manufacturing industries during 2005-2012. The results of calculation of electricity intensity imply that 18 industries have electricity intensity values of less than or equal to the average value of industrial sector (0.40 percent) and its range isfrom 0.33 to 0.40 percent. In this group, “manufacture of motor vehicles” witharelative production share of 33.81% and “manufacture of basic metal” with arelative share ofelectricity consumption of 46.09%, have the highest share of electricity production and electricityconsumption, respectively. Investigation of annual trend of technology changes and electricity intensity changes of whole industry implys that both indices have had an increasing trend during the studied period and regarding the positive and large substitution effect, the technology progress (technology effect) is not considered as an important factor in determination of electricity intensity. Decomposition of electricity intensity confirms that the technology and budget effects lead to increase the efficiency of electricity consumption and the substitution and production effects lead to decline the efficiency of the consumed electricity input of the industry.

According to many economists, the per capita income gap between developed and developing countries is due to significant technological gap between them. Emperical studies suggest that, if developing countries are faced with technological limits the inflow of FDI may act to reduce the technological gap, which would lead to technological transfer that, in turn, could result in increasing productivity. This kind of technological transfer is called technology overflow. Technology spillover of foreign direct investment, technology imports and domestic R & D , in addition to the traditional factors of production labor capital) can, through technological development labor , affect the performance of the industrial sector. Given the crucial role of the Industrial sector in Iran's economy, the present study investigates the effect of the technology spillover from foreign direct investment on labor productivity in Iran's industries during 1376-1390. This study uses panel data to suggest that technological spillovers from FDI have significantly positive effects on labor productivity. The impact of domestic R&D spending and imported technology on labor productivity is positive and significant.