نشریه علوم به زراعی گیاهی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

In order to study the combined effects of chemical and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat cultivars in Shoushtar, this research was carried out as split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2014-2015. The main plots were comprised of 4 fertilizer levels including 100% chemical fertilizer (nitrogen + phosphorus),75% chemical fertilizer along with biological fertilizer (fertile 2 and azotobacter 2), 50% chemical fertilizer along with biological fertilizer (fertil2 and azotobacter2),and solely biological fertilizer, and the sub plots included three wheat cultivars (chamran, varinak, and S83).The results showed that interaction between fertilizer and cultivar was significant on all grain traits, grain protein, seed nitrogen percentage and seed phosphorous content. The highest biological yield and grain yield, with an average of 12 tons per hectare and 6 tons per hectare, were related to 100% fertilizer treatment and Chamran cultivar.The highest percentage of protein, nitrogen percentage and phosphorus percentage were obtained from 100% fertilizer application. In most cases, there was no significant difference between treatments of 100% and 75% of fertilizer and biological fertilizer for measured traits. In general, it can be stated that using 75% chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer treatment, can be used to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

In order to investigate the effects of different mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on growth traits and grain yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor included mycorrhizal fungi application as non-use of fungi (control), Glomus intraradices, Glomus mossea and Glomus fasciculatum and the second factor included various levels of phosphorus fertilization included non-application of fertilizer (control), 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1. The results showed that the effect of fungi, phosphorus fertilizer and interaction between the application of fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on leaf area index, dry matter, root dry matter and grain yield were significant. In all treatments of mycorrhizal fungi with increasing of phosphorous fertilizer level, leaf area index, total dry matter, root dry matter and grain yield increased. Maximum values in all studied traits were observed under the application of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mossea. Glomus mossea and Glomus intraradices at 80 kg ha-1 fertilizer level was the best condition for all traits. But in Glomus fasciculatum, the maximum of traits was obtained at 120 kg ha-1 fertilizer. In general, using Glomus mossea and Glomus intraradices can reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers, which could be a new approach to achieve sustainable agriculture.

high germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. In this study germination and seedling growth of a canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivar (Hayola 401) was assessed using in a factorial laid out in three separate experiments as Completely Randomized Design (CRD) testing combinations of four levels of salinity (0, 80, 160 and 240 mMol NaCl) and three levels of salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 m gr Lit) in the first experiment, the same salinity levels with four levels of gibberellic acid (0,1.5, 3 and 4.5 m Mol) in the second experiment and the same salinity levels with four levels of abscisic acid (0, 2, 4 and 6 m Mol Lit) in the third experiment. Results showed that germination percentage and germination rate was significantly increased by salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA) under salinity conditions compared to non-treatment of these two hormones. Priming with SA could not improve radicle length and radicle dry weight in all salinity levels. Application of GA enhanced radicle and hypocotyl length in all salinity levels compared to untreated seeds with treatment. ABA decreased germination percentage to about 12 % in 2 m Mol than control. Priming with ABA could not improve radicle length in all salinity levels. Seeds primed with ABA improved dry weight of seedlings as compared to non-treatment of ABA under non salinity and salinity conditions. In general, tolerance to salinity in canola seed increased with SA, GA and ABA compared to control.

Aerobic rice is a new type of rice adapted to aerobic soil. This study was conducted to evaluate aerobic rice utilizes multivariate statistical techniques in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Shavoor Khuzestan Agricultural Research Center in 2014. In this experiment, yield and yield components of 9 aerobic lines plus Danial cv. were examined. Results showed that there was significant difference in 1% probability level between lines the trait of the number of primary branches, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, plant height, panicle fertility percent, 1000 grain weight and days to heading. The narrow sense heritability of 18% in yield to 49% in panicle fertility percent was variable. There was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield with panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and panicle fertility percent. Cluster analysis basis ward’s method stated that IR81025-B-347-3 was in a group and other aerobic lines with Daniel in the other group. Aerobic line IR81025-B-347-3 with having the highest number of primary branches, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, panicle weight, panicle fertility percent and grain yield and located in the desirable area biplot as the best lines in terms of morphological traits in aerobic soil conditions and intermittent irrigation was identified as high-performing of line for further research.

An experiment was carried out to study of heat stress on assimilate remobilization of rice in north of Khuzestan province in a split-plot arrangement using randomized complete blokes design with three replication in 2006 and 2007 at Shavoor Agricultural Research Station, Dependent in Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Khuzestan. For exposing rice cultivars to different higher temperature regimes, main plot were assigned to three sowing dates from 5 May, 26 May and 16 Jun and cultivars were; Hoveizeh, Hamar (heat tolerance) Ghermez Anbori, Champa (heat sensitive) and Danial (relatively heat tolerant) were in sub-plots. Results showed that the highest dry matter redistribution was in Ghermez Anbori and heat tolerant cultivars. The grain, stem and leaf portions were significant on sowing date and cultivars. The second and third planting dates and heat tolerant cultivars had higher content. The highest remobilization, current photosynthesis and the portion of organs in filling grain yield were 1140.8 kg.ha-1, 3923.3 kg.ha-1, and 22.5%, respectively, in 26 May planting. But the highest share portion of current photosynthesis in grain yield was in 5 may in the planting date.

The study is designed with the aim of studying the effect of different levels of selenium fertilizer and cow manure on the concentration of selenium in alfalfa. For this purpose, a pot experiment with complete randomized design in the form of a factorial experiment was carried out with five levels of selenium fertilizer (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g ha-1), and two levels of cow manure (Zero and 100 tons per hectare) with three replications in the greenhouse, using Lavark soil of research farm of Isfahan University of Technology in 2016. The selenium content of the samples was measured using atomic absorption device. The results of the experiment showed that the effect of selenium fertilizer levels on selenium concentration in the plant was significant in all three harvestings, but selenium concentration showed consecutive decreases in the consecutive impressions. Increasing the application of cow manure significantly increased alfalfa yield in all three harvests, and the average harvest yield was more than the second harvest, and it was more than the first harvest. The use of animal manure reduced the concentration of selenium in plants and decreased in successive consecutive. In general, selenium fertilizer without the presence of animal manure increased the concentration of selenium in the studied plant.

This study was conducted to evaluate two crop growth models (AquaCrop and WOFOST) in simulating corn yield under different irrigation water (T1:50, T2:75, T3:100 and T4: 150 mm evaporation from pan A) using data collected from a research farm station in Ahwaz during one season crop. Results showed that the highest and the lowest different between collected and simulated yield values using AquaCrop were obtained in T3 (0.45 ton.ha-1) and T2 (0.10 ton.ha-1), respectively. Using WOFOST were obtained in T4 (0.15 ton.ha-1) and T1 (0.01 ton.ha-1), respectively. The lowest and the highest different for biomass values using AquaCrop were obtained in T4 (1.1 ton.ha-1) and T3 (2.03 ton.ha-1), respectively. Results for WOFOST were obtained in T2 (0.65 ton.ha-1) and T1 (1.95 ton.ha-1), respectively. RSME values for corn yield using AquaCrop and WOFOST were 0.16 and 0.15 ton.ha-1, respectively. RMSE values for corn biomass using AquaCrop and WOFOST were 0.92 and 0.88 ton.ha-1, respectively. Values for MBE using AquaCrop and WOFOST were 0.04 and -0.05 ton.ha-1 for corn yield, respectively, and -0.52 and -0.47 ton.ha-1 for corn biomass, respectively. In general, WOFOST had a better accuracy to simulate corn yield.