نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 140، امرداد و شهریور 1399)

Nausea and vomiting are one of the most common and worst side effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patient and and despite the advances in medical science, Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting is still a challenge to control.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group behavioral activation therapy on Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting among women with breast cancer.

This clinical trial is a semi-experimental design with pre/post-test, and control group. All patients with breast cancer who referred to IranMehr Hospital of Birjand in 2018 were selected as sample population. According to the criteria for entering and leaving the study, 30 women with breast cancer who were selected by available sampling method were randomly divided into intervention and control groups (each group including 15 subjects). The intervention group received treatment program of group behavioral activation weekly in during 8 sessions of 120 minutes. All participants were evaluated in the first and last sessions by Nausea and Vomiting questionnaire. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance by SPSS-20 software

The mean post-test scores of intensity (p<0.05, F=84.148), duration (p<0.05, F=22.174) of acute nausea and intensity of acute vomiting (p<0.05, F=6.741) in the intervention group were significantly lower than the post-test scores of the control group, but after remove of the pre-test, there was no significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the acute vomiting duration in the two groups (p=0.195>0.05, F=1.765).

Group behavioral activation therapy significantly reduced the intensity/duration of acute nausea and the intensity of acute vomiting induced chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. Thus, this therapy can be a practical and promising treatment during chemotherapy.

Cancer is a disharmony amongst cell growth and death which results in accumulation of cells. Bone cancer is an absolutely dangerous type of cancer and occurs when the bone-making cells are disrupted. Despite some reports on the anticancer effects of simvastatin, the activity of simvastatin on bone cancer cells has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of simvastatin on bone cancer MG63 cell line.

In this study, the MG63 cells were cultured and then the cells were incubated with different concentrations of simvastatin for 24 h and the IC50 dose was measured using MTT test. The effects of simvastatin on the mechanisms of cell death such as apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression of caspase 3, 8 and 9 enzymes and Finally, cells treated with IC50 dose of simvastatin were examined by Hoechst staining technique. The collected data were analyzed using the student’s T statistical test and then SPSS software.

The MTT results showed that simvastatin at a dose of 155 µg/Ml destroys 50 % of cancer cells. On the other hand, flow cytometry analysis showed that MG63 cells treated with simvastatin (300 µg/Ml) had apoptotic cell death over 90 % compared to the control group. Evaluation of caspase 3, 8 and 9 enzymes using real-time PCR indicated that there was a significant difference in caspase 3 and 9 gene expression (p<0.001) but, no significant difference was observed in caspase 8 gene expression (p<0.05). In the Hoechst staining technique, the discoloration of the treated group cells compared to the control group indicated that the cell nucleus was densified and disintegrated, indicating apoptotic cell death.

Finally, the results of this study showed that simvastatin in cell culture medium can induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in bone cancer cells (MG63 cell line), therefore, it is important to consider the possibility of using simvastatin in the treatment of bone cancer.

Ovarian vitrification is a technique for assisted reproductive technologies, while ovaries are vulnerable to the damage caused by the freezing procedure. Pentoxifylline has a protective effect as an antioxidant in reducing the free radicals in the culture medium. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effects of pentoxifylline on the changes stereological vitrified ovarian tissue of mice after the vitrification process.

The study was performed on 25 mice ovaries, which were randomly divided into five groups (five mice each group). Group 1 (control): No treatment was performed in this group. Groups 2 and 3 (sham 1,2): In Group 2, after the ovaries are removed, they are placed for half an hour in a CO2 incubator in the saline phosphate buffer + bovine serum albumin (PB1 + BSA) environment, And in Group 3, in addition to being placed in the incubator, 1.8 mM of Pentoxifylline was added to the buffer environment. Groups 4 and 5 (Experimental 1,2): In Group 4, after the ovaries are removed from the animalchr('39')s body, the ovaries are vitrified for two weeks, after which time they are melted and placed in a CO2 incubator for half an hour in the saline phosphate buffer + bovine serum albumin (PB1 + BSA) environment, and In Group 5, in addition to vitrified, melting, and incubation, the ovaries were exposed to buffers containing 1.8 mM pentoxifylline. after tissue processing, ovarian tissue sections were studied with stereological methods.

Stereological estimation showed that the ovarian tissue volume and cortex in the sham2, experiment1, and experiment2 were increased compared to control and sham1 groups, but this increase was not statistically significant (P>0/05). The volume of the medulla was reduced in the sham2, experiment1 and experiment2 groups compared to the control and sham1 groups, but the reduction was not statistically significant (P>0/05).

According to the results of this study, pentoxifylline and Vitrification increase the volume of ovarian tissue, and pentoxifylline, despite its antioxidant properties, will not affect protecting the ovaries against the negative effects of Vitrification.

Several natural products have been introduced to protect against a wide range of cancers including colorectal cancer. Dorema aucheri has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine and its extract has been reported to contain significant amounts of antioxidants Such as flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acid. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Dorema aucheri extract and its liposomal form as a potential cytotoxic agent in SW48 colorectal cancer cell line.

In this in vitro study, SW48 cell lines were cultured and then, treated with different doses of Hydro-alcoholic extract of Dorema aucheri (DAE), Dorema aucheri-loaded nanoliposomes (Lip-DAE), free liposomes for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The liposomes were prepared using the thin-film dispersion hydration method. Cancer cell survival was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) at the concentrations of (15/625, 31/25, 62/5, 125, 250 µg/ml). Apoptosis was evaluated by staining cells with Propidium Iodide and Annexin V by flow cytometry. vincristine was used as positive control in this study. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.

The result of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) in 24 hours was 48.33 µg/ml Lip-DAE, 67.44 µg/ml for DAE and 50 ng/ml for vincristine. DAE and its liposomal form and vincristine reduced the survival of liver cancer cells (SW48) and decreased the cell viability by increasing time and concentration. The results of apoptosis test showed that the highest percentage of apoptosis in this cell line were observed in Lip-DAE than control (41.5%). However, DAE alone was a lower increase than control (38.4%). (p <0.05)

The results of this study showed that loading of DAE in nanoliposomes increases the toxicity and apoptotic effect of DAE and can be a suitable candidate for in-vivo studies to confrontation tumor cells with less side effects.

One of the appropriate ways to control overweight and obesity is regular training and the benefit of antioxidant supplements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and spirulina supplementation on plasma levels of Irisin and some body composition indices in overweight and obese men.

This quasi-experimental study was a double blind clinical trial. 60 overweight and obese men (BMI>25) aged 30-55 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into four groups training + Spirulina, training + placebo, spirulina, and placebo. The intervention and placebo groups consumed two 500-mg capsules of spirulina and placebo for 8 weeks, respectively. Resistance training was performed for 8 weeks, three sessions a week, and 12 movements with 1,2,3,4 min rest intervals with 40,60,75,90% maximal repetition with the principle of overload. Body composition indices, body weight, BMI, and WHR were measured before and after training using a combination gauge. Subjects were fasted for 12 hours in two stages (pre- and post-test) of 10 ml blood from left bra vein. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk tests, one-way ANOVA, LSD and t-test at α <0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the plasma levels of Irisin in the intervention group and also in the Spirulina + training + placebo groups (p<0.05), but body weight, BMI and WHR showed a significant decrease only in the in-group study in  the Spirulina + training + Placebo and Spirulina groups (p<0.05).

It seems that eight weeks of resistance training with spirulina supplementation - the richest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory herbal supplement - can improve body composition and abnormalities by increasing plasma levels of Irisin and decreasing body weight, BMI and WHR Linked to obesity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a period of selected physical activities on improving gross motor skill in children (6-11 years) with hearing disorder. In order to this, 16 children with hearing disorder were selected. The children divided randomly into control (n=8) and experiment (n=8) groups after the assessment of their motor skill by the Ulrich test for gross motor skills version 2000 in pretest. The exercise program used for this study was based on SPARK motor program. It includes 15 minutes warm up, 10 minutes transform skills, 10 minutes manipulation skills and 10 minutes cool down. It was applied to experimental group for 18 sessions. The control group activity was in accordance with normal daily motor activity. At the end a post-test was held for both groups. The KS and the analysis of covariance were used for statistic analysis and the groups mean differences was considered as variate variable which effects on the post-test was eliminated by this test. Result showed that selected activities have significant effects on transform object control skills of children with hearing disorder.

 Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is most common reason to re-admission in hospital. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of risk factors such as hypertension, age and type of delivery in mothers on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia based on logistic regression model.

In this descriptive study, the 300 motherchr('39')s documents which refer to hospital for hospitalization their babies were studied. The questionnaire regarding maternal and their neonates were completed and all data were evaluated statistically by logistic method.The results of this study showed that the affection chance in neonates with motherchr('39')s 21-30, 31-35 years old and 36 years old and up compare to neonates with their mothers under 20 years old (reference sheet) were about 2.95, 2.15 and 1.92 manifold respectively. The affection chance for  hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with their mothers which have hypertension was 4 manifold compared to neonates with normal mothers. The affection chance for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with their pre term  mothers (less than 38 weeks) was 1.76 manifold mothers with complete term( more than 38 weeks). The affection chance for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with their mothers which delivered naturally 1.56 manifold compared to mothers which labored her babies by cesarean section. There is to calculate probability of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with using of predictive alternatives of motherchr('39')s age in delivery time, pregnancy hypertension, pregnancy age and type of delivery with logistic regression presentation

This study explained that the motherchr('39')s age in delivery time, pregnancy hypertension, age of gestation and type of labor have effects on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The fitting of logistic regression model on studying data and optimization operations  showed that the motherchr('39')s age under 20 years, without hypertension, term gestation and cesarean delivery have reduce hyperbilirubinemia probability to 26% in neonates.

Accurate knowledge considering root canal morphology is critical in performing standard root canal treatment. Human permanent mandibular incisors usually have a single root with a single canal, but sometimes, second canal is probable, which causes a failure in endodontic treatments. In clinical situations, conventional periapical radiography is commonly used to study the root canal morphology  but the limitations of periapical radiography have led to significant interest in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of PA radiographs and CBCT in showing the number of the mandibular incisor canals.

In this cross-sectional study a total number of 292 CBCT and PA radiographs from mandibular incisors were taken from 73 patients (41 females and 32 males). These radiographs were gathered from patients who needed CBCT and PA examinations as a part of their treatment procedure. Two dental students trained by a board certified oromaxillofacial radiologist separately examined the PA and CBCT images in axial, coronal and cross-sectional views. Data analysis was performed using student T-Test.

The results from observing CBCT views showed that the majority of mandibular incisors (78.4%) had one canal and the rest demonstrate two root canals. None of these teeth demonstrated two root canals in the PA radiographs. Presence of a second canal was more likely in central incisors in comparison with lateral incisors and it was also more common in males than females.

Although PA radiographs is a routine method for endodontic treatments, when an endodontic treatment fails or there is a possibility of existence of second canal, CBCT is recommended.

Regarding to the importance of Staphylococcus aureuscolonization in bovine mastitis and the role of biofilm in its pathogenesis, the aim of the present study were to assessment of biofilm production and identification of biofilm related genes among S. aureus isolated from bovine with subclinical mastitis.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 502 milk samples collected from bovine with subclinical mastitis in Boyerahmad and Dena townships. After isolation of bacteria, detection of nucA gene by PCR method was used for final confirmation of S. aureus. Congo Red Agar plate was used for assessment of biofilm production.PCR method was used for detection oficaA, icaD, fnbA,clfA, cna and bap genes. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 15 and chi-square test. 

Totally 80(15.9%) S. aureus isolated from milk samples, which among them 55(68.7%) were biofilm producer. The icaD gene was the most prevalent gene detected in 87.5% of isolates, while bap with lowest frequency identified in 4 (5%) isolates. Significant association were observed between biofilm production and presence of icaD(p=0.0001),  icaA(p=0.003), fnbA(p=0.0001) and clfA(p=0.0001).

Considering the important role of biofilm in development of antibiotic resistance and high frequency of biofilm producer isolates, it is considered as an alarm. Hence biofilm production helps to bacterial colonization and pathogenesis can causes economical and healthy losses on community.

The flies are important for the mechanical transmission of pathogens, disease myiasis and forensic entomologist studies in the area. Detection and identification of species in different area, the first and most important Method to control vector-borne diseases in the area.

This is a Descriptive - Cross-sectional study that was sampling in two urban and rural parts, including eight stations in Ramian city in 2018-2019. Trapping was done monthly, on sunny days and on the hottest days of the month. To collect adult flies using hand nets and traps cone. Species identification was based on valid keys.

In this study, 10 species of flies of medical importance were identified. The highest abundance of flies was observed at waste collection sites and animal sites. Muscina levida species were first reported from northern Iran in this study. Based on the results of temperature correlation, it was found that with increasing temperature and decreasing humidity, the population of flies increased in the area.

Due to the high abundance of flies in the waste collection sites and animal places, rapid transfer of waste to Out of residential environments and Their sanitary burial To reduce the fly population is necessary.the transfer of animal Places to the outside of the Residential environments and health advice to people and health centers In the case of diseases transmitted by the species of flies in the warmer months of the year is required.

The most common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age are uterine structural abnormalities. There are several modalities for the examination of abnormal uterine bleeding, including transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy versus transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding.

This was a cross-sectional study on a sample of women with abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment. The diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound was evaluated for the diagnosis of uterine polyps, endometrial hypertrophy, sub-mucosal myoma, and normal endometrium, in comparison with the diagnostic results obtained from hysteroscopy.

In all 119 patients were approached. Of these, 109 patients were entered into the study. The most common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding based on transvaginal ultrasound were uterine polyps, sub-mucosal myoma and endometrial hypertrophy, respectively. The transvaginal ultrasound had a sensitivity of 58.9%, 51.7% and 72.2% for the diagnosis of above pathologies. The specificity of transvaginal ultrasound for the diagnosis of these lesions were: 76.8%, 86.4% and 78.5%, respectively.

Transvaginal ultrasound has almost moderate sensitivity and high specifity for the diagnosis of common etiologies of abnormal uterine bleeding including endometrial polyps, endometrial hypertrophy as well as sub-mucosal myomas. The final result of this study revealed that the difference between diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound compared to hysteroscopy was significantly lower for these pathologies.