پژوهشنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
پیاپی 16 (تابستان 1397)

The main purpose of this paper is the conception of lived experienced of social exclusion among Ilamian rural poor people. The method used is qualitative research by grounded theory approach. Each village that has sever poverty index, was selected. Our study is based on information gathered from 35 unstructured interview and focus group in seven district of Ilam. By this 35 unstructured Interview and 7 focus group theoretical saturation was occurred.  "Inequality and social exclusion" was selected as central category. Casual conditions were congregational poverty, lack of proficiency, unemployment, diverse, widowhood, gender discrimination, infertility, and social inequality, lack of social ties, migration, and disability. Some strategies are creation of minority group, conformity, migration, self- impoverishment and social dispute. Some consequences were pessimism, distrust, lack of partnership, apathetic, raise of social deviance, scuff of social ties, depression of agriculture and free – range economy and finally persistence of poverty, inequality and social exclusion.

Domestic violence can cause negative consequences for women’s mental and physical health. To plan a proper program to prevent and control this social issue, we need to know the nature of domestic violence and cultural themes that led to it. In this research information has been gathered through interviewing with battered women. Findings then got analyzed by thematic analysis method. As a result, main themes and sub themes got emerged. 31 women who had experience of domestic violence participated in this research and they have been chosen by purposeful sampling method. Women who suffered from domestic violence mentioned four characteristics for it. According to what they explained, domestic violence followed a cycle of specific phases and its severity increased gradually as marriage goes forward. Also, it is usually unavoidable for them and different types of violence are combined. Research findings also showed that there are two main cultural themes for violence against women; Patriarchy and inappropriate social attitudes. As a main theme patriarchy contains three sub themes of sexual socialization, depriving women from making decisions for their lives and internalizing oppression. Inappropriate attitude theme includes three sub themes. They are considering divorce as a social taboo, domestic violence as a private issue and tolerating domestic violence in any cost.

Along with population aging the gerontological social work, as a specialist area of social work practice, has become significant for research and policy. Well-being and life satisfaction among elderly are important and key issue in the gerontological social work. This article aims to assess the life satisfaction of the elderly and its related factors. The data were collected by a survey among 600 elderly aged 60 and over in the 22 districts of Tehran, who selected through a multistage probability sampling. The mean age of the elderly was 70 years old, 17% of the elderly were illiterate, and 16% of them lived alone. The results indicate a decrease in life satisfaction in the elderly with age. The results of the multivariate analysis revealed that health status, social support, age, employment status, education, and SES had a significant effect on life satisfaction of elderly people and explained 37% of variance in life satisfaction of elderly people. Hence, poor health statuses, lack of social support and poor financial resources have the greatest impact on the satisfaction of the elderly. Social protection of the family and government support and welfare programs can play an important role in increasing the happiness and life satisfaction in old age.

One of the fundamental values ​​of the social work profession is social justice and special attention to vulnerable people and groups, especially children, in difficult conditions. The aim of the present study was to identify problems of children of fathers involved in substance abuse, in order to reduce the problems of these children has been addressed. The present study employed phenomenology, a qualitative re search method. The population consisted of chil dren of substance abusing fathers. The study was conducted to use a purposive sampling refined by a theoretical sampling of 28 children who participated in the study. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discus sions. Seven categories of children’s problems were found in the FGD and in-depth interviews. These categories included: nega tive attitude toward oneself, parental support disor der, accept the role of the misfortune hero, violence and maltreatment, the drama of chaos, family rou tine/ disorganization, exclusion and isolation. The findings of this study indicated that the quality of parental – child relationship and between parents are not satisfied. Domestic violence is one of the obvious signs of family problems and children are deprived of resilience protective factors.

The tendency to engage in high-risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults has become a major concern in today's society. This study aims to provide a qualitative study of the phenomenon of high-risk behaviors among adolescents and young people in order to provide a clear understanding of the reasons and grounds for its spread. This research has been done qualitatively and with a grand theory approach. The sampling method was purposeful with a theoretical sampling strategy and the data collection method was an in-depth semi-structured interview with 25 people, including two groups with high-risk behaviors and aware of social harms in Kashan. The findings consist of 48 conceptual codes and 11 main categories including: family context, loneliness, traumatic environmental conditions, economic challenge and desire for pleasure as causal conditions, disruption of inter-family relationships, feelings of injustice and institutional dysfunction as contextual and effective conditions. The media, misconceptions, and greed are categorized as intervening. The main phenomenon of the research is named according to the categories formed as "high-risk behaviors of the product of social disorganization". Thus, social disorganization has been identified as the most important component of the formation of high-risk behaviors among adolescents and young people.

The present study focuses on the living experience of domestic workers. The research methodology is of qualitative type using narrative analysis method. The study population were female domestic workers in Tehran and through purposeful sampling, 15 persons of the study population were selected. Deep interview technique has been used to collect data. To analyze the data, the theoretical coding method has been used. The findings of this study show that the main theme of women turning to homework is "subordinate citizen" and the common denominator of women's life experience of doing housework is the experience of social inequality. In addition to getting aware of their class gap with the employer, deprived of social protection floor is a barrier to their job mobility. Domestic workers acknowledge the inferiority of domestic work and avoid social integration, so they try to hide their jobs for the fear of social exclusion. On the other hand, from an employer's point of view, doing housework is seen as an inherent responsibility of a woman. Domestic workers, due to their unique working conditions need to receive integrated support. Moreover, the right of domestic workers to maintain human dignity and health conditions must be considered in law and the rules.