پژوهشنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
پیاپی 34 (زمستان 1401)

Empowerment refers to a process in which women have access to material and non-material resources and can influence their lives, choices and abilities. Empowerment has two dimensions, static and dynamic, and agency has an important effect in this process. In other words, empowerment includes three concepts of agency, processes/achievements and results. Empowerment has various economic, social, educational, personal and psychological dimensions and occurs when women can challenge the existing norms and culture and improve their lives. The above research was conducted with the aim of understanding the lived experiences of Kerman women of empowerment with the phenomenological method. In this research, interviews were conducted with 13 women who participated in the empowerment projects of Kerman, and these women were mainly people who were somehow involved in poverty and economic issues, and the text of the interviews after implementation in the software. Max Kyuda was coded, and finally 14 themes were extracted, which are: paradox of the big other, lack of cost in the predicted profession, failure of financial empowerment, perception of skill improvement, emergence of hope, feeling of being seen, equality and mutual respect, melting horizon. effective learning experience, synergy, enthusiasm for group activity, work as leisure, perception of incompleteness and discontinuity, perception of weak organization.

 Human, value and moral systems are the common theme between existentialism philosophy and social work profession. Therefore, the present research has been studied for comparative investigation and the answer to the main question of the research that what is the situation and application of existentialism philosophy in the values and principles of social work. The method of the current research is fundamental-theoretical, strategy used is interpretive strategy and logical reasoning, method of collecting information is library and documents. Based on the comparison of the main concepts existentialism with the values and principles of social work, it can be said these two areas are convergent and aligned in the categories of freedom and discretion, responsibility, individuality, self-awareness, self-determination, participation and emphasis on alteration, transformability and human empowerment. These common categories are the principles that social workers should pay attention to in their interventions in order to improve the quality of life, increase adaptation and solve the human problems.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the culture of poverty in Kermanshah women. This survey study was conducted in Kermanshah city in 2019, and its statistical population included all women aged 15 to 59, of which 384 were selected as a sample and studied. Questionnaires were used to examine the status of social and economic capital and the culture of poverty. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the average score of culture of poverty among women whose husbands had died was 3.50, which was higher than single people with an average of 2.60. Also, the average score of the culture of poverty among the age groups over 51 years old was higher than the age group 15 to 24 years old. In addition, the culture of poverty among illiterate people (3.34) was more than other educational classes. The results also showed that the score of culture of poverty (3) was higher among those who have a low socio-economic base compared to other classes. The findings of this study also showed that social capitals and economic capitals could explain 28% and 26% of the variance of poverty culture, respectively. Therefore, economic and social capitals have a negative effect on the culture of poverty, and their improvement and increase should always be considered.

By considering the fact that the medical staff were under a lot of pressure with inadequate facilities during the coronavirus outbreak, the purpose of the present research is trying to find out more about the causes, and to find out the areas affecting mental health of emergency workers.

The research method is qualitative and is based on grounded theory. Necessary data was collected and adjusted from 25 personnel of this organization by means of targeted sampling, based on included criteria. A semi-structured interview has been used as a data collection tool. The three methods of control or validation by members, analytical comparisons, and the use of audit techniques have been used to reach the criterion of reliability.

According to the results taken from stressful work and social environments/risk of mistakes and occurrence of work accidents are among the most important causal conditions. In addition, unfavorable status of job rights and benefits/dignity and perceived social trust as intervening factors, lack of trust in Management and cultural-educational infrastructural (weakness) as background conditions, corrective measures of the government/increasing the level of public awareness as action-interactions and behavioral-functional reaction/physical-psychological symptoms are all specified as consequences of such a working environment.

The present study seeks to understand the lived experience of girls in the city of Tehran from the generational gap that have taken place in the society. In the last few decades, according to the changes in the cultural structure of the society, a favorable environment has been created for changes in the values and attitudes of social groups, especially the new generations of the Iranian society. The conceptual framework in the current research is based on the views of thinkers in the field of generational difference and value changes of generations. The qualitative research method is an interpretive phenomenological type, based on which 20 girls from the 70s were interviewed through the purposeful sampling method, and the data were analyzed and interpreted using the thematic analysis method. The results show that the girls of the 70s of Tehran, as a new generation, have special lived experiences such as: being cosmopolitan, religious modernism, becoming secular, modern lifestyle, modernity and modern identity, living in a plural and distinct world, and homeless mind. . In general, the generation of the seventies adjusts its life based on the values and beliefs of the modern world and adjusts and organizes its lived experiences accordingly.

Violence and conflict are important issues that not only for the people involved in it, but also have many negative consequences for the entire society by creating a feeling of insecurity, eroding social capital and showing a harsh face of the city or neighborhood and so on. After knowing the extent of this damage, it is necessary to take action to reduce it.

The research method, survey and tools, questionnaire and statistical community, citizens of 18 to 50 years of age are high-risk neighborhoods of three cities of Hamedan province (with the highest frequency of conflicts). The sampling method was clustered in the first stage and random in the next stage. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire using the "formal method" and its reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha test.

The findings showed the lack of perception of parental supervision, the presence of informal control, as well as formal control, feeling of belonging to the community, satisfaction with the performance of the police, institutional trust, positive relationship and aggression capacity variables. The feeling of belonging to the network of friends, the feeling of social exclusion, the feeling of social failure, of conflict have a negative relationship with both variables of individual and collective conflict tendency.

According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that by strengthening the aforementioned causal mechanisms, the tendency to altruistic behavior (instead of violence and conflict) can be increased.