نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دامپزشکی
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

Ketosis is a common metabolic disorder frequently observed in dairy cows during early lactation period, it ischaracterized by increased levels of ketone bodies in blood, urine and milk. Sub clinical ketosis (SCK) in dairycattle is an excess level in circulating ketone bodies in the absence of clinical signs of ketosis. In this study,cow side strip test is studied for sensitivity ,specialty, advantages and disadvantages in relationship with serumBHBA (Gold standard test).32 multiparus cows were used in this research. All diets were based on TMR. Allcows were sampled during 7-21 DIM. Cows with serum BHBA concentration over 1400μmol/lit and milk BHBAconcentration over x>100µmol/lit considered to suffer from subclinical ketosis. in this cut point, sensitivity andspecialty of milk BHBA were 42.2% and 100%. kappa and p-value were 0.68 and 0.0005(x<0.05).according to theinformation above we can not denote this test for detection of subclinical ketosis in dairy herds but we can advisethis cow side test as an individual test.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of probiotic (Bioplus) on performance, egg traits and blood serum chemical parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted with two hundred and ffty six Hy-line (W36) laying hens in four treatments and four replicates with 16 hens in each replicate from 45 to 55 weeks in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included control group and experimental groups with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg of probiotic (Bioplus). Different levels of probiotic signifcantly affected the performance, egg traits and blood serum chemical parameters of laying hens (P<0.05). The highest amounts of feed intake (129 g/day/hen), feed conversion (2.72) and egg specifc gravity (1.089 mg/mL3) were observed with using 0.6 g/kg of probiotic. Whereas the lowest feed price for production per kilogram of egg (853.11 toman), the lowest level of egg yolk triglyceride (437.5 mg/gr) and minimum level of blood serum phosphorus (7.42 g/dl) were observed with using 0.2 g/kg of probiotic and fnally the minimum level of blood serum cholesterol (124.33 mg.dl) were observed with using 0.4 g/kg of probiotic. The overall result of this experiment showed that the using high levels of probiotic (Bioplus) has adverse effects on performance of laying hens and not recommended.

Improvement of the fertility and reproductive status of cows necessitates having suffcient knowledge of the ovary of this animal species. Ovarian follicular activities play a signifcant role in controlling reproductive cycle, ovulation and pregnancy. The present study aims to compare the concentration of glucose, urea and cholesterol of ovarian follicular fluid in different-sized follicles with the blood serum of hybrid cows. Blood samples and ovaries of 20 slaughtered cows were examined. The follicular fluid was obtained from 3 follicular groups of small (3-5mm), average (6-9mm) and large (10mm or more) sizes. Concentration of glucose, urea and cholesterol in follicular fluids and blood serum was determined. The results showed that concentration of glucose, urea and cholesterol in blood serum was signifcantly higher than that of the large, average-sized and small follicles. Glucose concentration of large follicles was signifcantly higher than that of the average-sized and small follicles (P < 0.05). However, no signifcant difference was observed between the average-sized and small follicles. Urea level decreased as the follicle size increased. Cholesterol concentration of small follicles was signifcantly higher than that of the large and average-sized follicles (P < 0.05). However, no signifcant difference was observed between the large and average-sized follicles. Overall, the results showed that ovarian follicle size grows and matures in a changing biochemical environment. This environment is associated with the changes in blood glucose level. Moreover, urea and cholesterol levels decrease as the follicle size increases.

Contact increasing of living creatures to electromagnetic felds cause concerns about feld interaction with physiological function of organisms. This survey has done on female and male mice. And, it examined effects of exposure of EMF (1 hour in day, for 7 days) and sexuality on acute pain induced by tail immersion test using 52C ̊ hot water. Results of several experiments reveal, apart from sexuality, EMF had a same decreasing effect on mice’s pain threshold. In conclusion, the results showed that the EMF has the antinociceptive effects on the acute pain threshold

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan named Toxoplasma gondii (T.g.). T.g is is the mostprevalent parasitic infection in human and other warm blooded animals. Estimates indicate that up to one third ofthe world’s population is infected by T.g. Toxoplasmosis is causes damages in veterinary affairs and may lead tocongenital diseases and abortion in some animals like sheep. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence ofToxoplasmosis in sheep of Ilam city.A descriptive cross- sectional survey was conducted. A total of 408 samples in slaughtered sheep in Ilam industrialslaughter- house selected randomized and tested by ELISA method. Data analysis was conducted using SPSSsoftware version 16.Of 408 samples 112 (27.45%) were positive. There was no signifcant difference between seropositivity andgender, age group and the background of abortion in sheep.The prevalence of Toxoplasmosis is high. According to high consumption of sheep as a different food by human,Therefore the contamination of sheep is important in term of public health and detriment economic.

The increasing human population and the reduction of animal food sources in the other side led researchersinto effective strategies for increasing livestock production. In this case if we can increase pregnancy rates incow herds will reach our goals faster. Purpose of this study was to determine the effects of three different typesof Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the pregnancy rate and surge of LH hormone levels in heatsynchronization program. This study done on 130 cows in three separate groups. This was conducted in primarygroup with injection of 15μg (3cc) Buserelin Acetate by commercial brand of Vetocept® on zero day ,second groupwith injection of 100μg (1cc) Gonadorelin Acetate by commercial brand of Gonabreed® on zero day and thirdgroup by injecting 12/6 μg (3cc) Alarline Acetate (Luliberin A) by commercial brand of Vetarolin® on zero dayand continued for all three groups on next 7 days injection of 500μg, PGF2α by commercial brand of estroPLAN®and next 24 hours injection of 1mg Estradiol Benzoate with commercial brand of Vetastrol®. Pregnancy rates forthe frst group 34/14%,second group 40% and the third group 38/63%, respectively. and LH hormone Surge rateafter 1 hours later for the frst group 2/44, second group 1/59, third group 2/30,respectively. It is concluded thatpregnancy rates were higher in Gonabreed® Group than two other groups, but no statistically signifcant differencewas seen among them.(p>/05) in Vetocept® group surge of LH hormone was more than two other groups butthere was no signifcant difference among them. (P>/ 05) as well as there was no signifcant statistical differencebetween pregnancy rates of cows with normal postpartum uterine Examination in three groups. (p>/05) In additionto it, there was no signifcant statistical difference between pregnancy rate of cows with abnormal post partumuterine Examination but pregnancy rates in this group of cows was lower.(p>/05).

Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in structure of the musculoskeletal system in dog. The rupture of thetendone is treated surgically. A 24 month mixed dog, 36 kg body weighting has been referred to private smallanimal clinic without specifc history trauma. In clinical examination plantigrade stance was obvious with woundscar on the Achill’s tendon skin site. Then based on clinical examination, grade I tendon rupture was diagnosedand surgical treatment of complete rupture of tendon by three-loop pulley was performed. The postoperative carewas antibiotic administration and limb was supported in a cylinder cast at least for 6 weeks. One of the surgicaltreatments is three-loop suture in complete rupture with no loss in tissue of tendon.

On a 7-years-old dog with Azoospermia three conventional drugs in breeding techniques were tested to assess the effects and reproductive improvement of them. the Drugs that chosen include gonadotropin (GnRH) in commercial name Cystorelin، 50 micrograms subcutaneously 60 minutes prior to sperm collection , prostaglandin (PGF2α) in commercial name Veteglan , 0/005 mg/kg subcutaneously 15 minutes prior to sperm collection and Oxytocin 10IU per dog intramuscularly 10 minutes prior to sperm collection. Semen collected from this animal by manual semen collection technique and we had 7 days sexual rest between each collection. during the semen collection the dog’s libido was assessed and then semen Volume , Semen PH , semen color , semen concentration per ml ,total count of spermatozoa , progressive motility forward percent , morphologically normal spermatozoa percent and Total normal motile spermatozoa (TMNS) was evaluated. The samples did not show any traces of semen quality change when dog received prostaglandin and oxytocin and there is no spermatozoa in that samples. But when the sampled animal was under the influence of gonadotropin therapy semen quality improved dramatically in addition we have one billion and twenty-four millions of spermatozoa as the total count of the sample. Two hypotheses are proposed for this quality improvement. The frst one say the prescribing of gonadotropin in this dog, increased the animal blood testosterone index and stimulate the seminiferous ducts to released spermatozoa. The second one say because of the clinical condition of the animal it seems to had IHH syndrome and during the administration of gonadotropin the body hormonal system was regulated and released the sperm cells. Finally, it can be concluding that the use of gonadotropins may be improving the quality of semen of animals that have Azoospermia with source of hormonal abnormality