نشریه تفسیر و تحلیل متون زبان و ادبیات فارسی (دهخدا)
پیاپی 34 (زمستان 1396)

The visitation of Shams Al-din Tabrizi and Molana Jalal Al-din Mohammad Balkhi Rumi is a wonderful phenomenon in the history of Islamic mysticism, and its outcome has stayed in Rumi’s personality and his everlasting works.  This humanitarian relationship, however, has been obscured behind a frail story in which the great prophet of Islam is compared with Bayazid Bastami through a question. In this study, the writer has tried to specify Rumi’s spiritual path based on the biographical-like story of “The Handmaiden and The King”. The results have revealed that whatever has been considered in Rumi’s clear professions and his mental-verbal statements about Shams is the product of the substantial activity of reflection and practical spiritual path and acquired moods and qualities that have been identified in practical mysticism and mystical practices. A circulation such as this is not believed to be accidental. There should be contexts, motives, reasons, works and particular conditions there so that someone could achieves spiritual station of cognition and we can call him a mystic. This story of the handmaiden and the king is an explicit mirror of the path and stages of practical mysticism in which everything – from overcoming the self to spiritual stations of annihilation and attainment of the apex of mysticism that is a part of sainthood – has been discussed step by step and Rumi’s inner and spiritual transitions in stages such as pursuit, attachment to God, appearance of the sage, transformation of spiritual temper and finally friendship are investigated.

Cultural anthropology, a sub-branch of anthropological studies, prevents beliefs and customs to be forgotten. Folklore is a set of knowledge, beliefs and rituals inherited from generations past and includes customs, fables, legends and styles of clothing. Moaddabpour is one of the contemporary writers who has tried to collect the common people folklore through maintaining it in his writings. This research is an attempt to study the different aspects of public culture and folklore as presented in Moaddabpour’s Roxana. The present research revealed that, nowadays development of technology and its increasing effects have caused great changes in some aspects of the culture, such as people’s speaking styles and negligence of some folkloric customs. Then, anthropologists and authors try to save the folklore and public culture in their societies through maintaining them in their works. The novels of Moaddabpour, as the narrator of people’s real living, include abundantly current beliefs and customs among common people.

There is a symbolic interpretation of the myth of “Zal and Roudabeh” in its covert layers as it is in other Iranian and Egyptian myths. Zal and Simorgh are equal to the Sun, and are the symbols of godlike heroes. Rudaba is also the symbol of the gods associated with water and the moon, and an icon of unconsciousness. These three characters are all eternal as their prototypes. The myth of Zal and Rudaba is abundant with dualities that are inclined to unite and exalt, i.e. Zal is to undergo metamorphosis in order to escape from that duality and transform into a godlike authority living close to Simorgh; and Rudaba – a female heroin – desires to be in union with Zal – a male hero. This paper has studied the myth of Zal and Rudaba and has compared it to ancient myths of Iran and Egypth regarding their structures and concepts. Finding the similarity between these myths the paper has given an archetypal and symbolic analysis of them.

Death as an absolute necessity, bound to happen, is unique and belongs to human beings. Whatever we know of death is assured, or at least seems to be the most absolute knowledge of us as human beings. It is an inescapable reality that all creatures will experience it later or sooner. The humankind worldview of death is based on his attitudes towards life. Some people believe that it is attractive and fascinating, while others find it horrible and disgusting. It is clear that the way people try to believe in death has roots in their lifestyles and attitudes towards life. Hossein Monzavi, aka “The King of Ghazal”, the famous poet of 1960s and 1970s, could revive ghazal and made it enthralling and romantic. Some of Monzavi’s ghazals are about death, and he attempts to reveal his attitudes towards the concept of death as a bound to happen. He sometimes believes in death doubtlessly, and sometimes fights it. Despite some contradictions in some of his ghazals about death, he doesn’t believe in death as something absurd and conjectural. This paper aims, through an analytical- descriptive method and by investigating Monzavi’s ghazals, to study his worldview and understanding of death.

Żiāʾ-al-Din Naghšabi, writer of tuti-nāma, was a well-known mystic and writer who lived a reclusive life in 8th century. tuti-nāma is a collection of interweaving folk tales. Naghšabi in writing his book involved all types of knowledge he had been familiar with including Quranic verses, prophetic traditions, Persian and Arabic poetry and parables, various sciences such as medicine, astrology, jewelry, music and religion. His knowledge in those different fields of science is not facile, however. He had learned them professionally and not just as a hobby. His acquaintance with medicine comprised three categories of diseases, drugs, and medical literature. This paper is an attempt to study his experience in medicine as he has applied it in writing tuti-nāma.

This article aims to study the image of women in two Iranian modern novels: Suvašun by Simin Daneshvar and My Bird by Fariba Vafi. The writers have tried to review and analyze the form and the content of the novels as well as the culture and ideology of the society laid on the women as depicted in the two novels. In this regard, a vivid picture of women, the reflection of their feelings and sentiments, the superiority of men over women, the dogmatism imposed on them, their being humiliated and exploited, the individual and social boundaries for them, and their lost identity have been focused on. In an analytic-descriptive method and through a deconstructive approach, the present study has explored the new wave in which contemporary female writers trend towards fighting a masculine way of looking at women and adopting a thoroughly feminist one instead in order to exhibit a new picture of women who want reforms in their situation but are doomed to live a passive life under outlying suppressions.

Deviation from the normal standards of a language is a technique of foregrounding the discourse that is used by the literati. Deviation is a benchmark for evaluating the literary aesthetics. It also consists of the use of the terms and structures that are not common today, and has different types such as phonological deviation, typographical deviation, temporal deviation, etc. This paper attempts to study the temporal deviation (archaism) in Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s With Ghazaleh to Nowhere .Temporal deviation consists of lexical and syntactic types. The results of the study show that the writer has used the temporal deviation in her stories by using archaic and low frequency words, old names of jobs, poetic borrowing, proverbs, old forms of verbs, deletion of verbs, adjective forms, alliteration and anastrophe. This is a descriptive-analytic study and the researcher has tried to discuss the theoretical underpinnings as well as the writer’s style in the use of temporal deviation.

Zayn al-Akhbar, by Abu Sa’id Abd al-Hayy Gardizi, isa history book that narrates the general history and incidents of Iran up to the year of 443 (AH), when it was written. The book has a simple and concise style resembling the Samanids’. It comprises short and connected sentences linked together with the coordinating conjunction “and”, specified by the term “coordinate style”. The frequency of Arabic words is a little more than that of the Samanid prose. Yet, it is somehow the continuation of the same prose of the Samanids era in terms of its stylistic features such as repetition, collocations, as well as the oldness of the text and its syntactic patterns. This is a descriptive-analytic paper.

Man is a creature who has excited so many intellectuals' attention to itself since times immemorial, and has been examined and analyzed from various aspects. Besides, a host of re-known mystics and philosophers have considered and overseen human being over the years. However, it is almost difficult to reach a definition concluding literal and verbal differences of the views. It seems necessary, though, to examine and approximate intellectuals’ attitudes in this regard. In order to determine the concept of human being, the researcher has aimed to deal with human strengths and weaknesses studied and considered by well-known and outstanding icons such as Spinoza and Rumi. In addition, some similarities between Rumi's “perfect man” and Spinoza's “rational man” have been viewed and analyzed. As a final effort, by referring to these two scholars, this study  has intend to depict how the powerless man surrounded by passion and carnal desires achieves virtue and fortune and wins the highest human rank