نشریه پژوهش های ادبی
پیاپی 66 (زمستان 1398)

In some researches about Joveini and his historiography this conclusion has been reached that he has advocated Mongols. Mostly mentioned to Tarabi and his uprising. Present research intends to find an answer to this question if we can conclude from this part of the book that Joveini has advocated Mongols. For this, we present authorities in this era. Mongols after winning and establishing were divided in two categories; first who believed to ruin cities and kill people, as Yasa intuit. Second who believed to keep people alive and get tax. Iranian in this era had at least two authorities: Aristocrats and common people. There were religious powers too, Al-e-borhan, Mahboobian, Sufism and Abbasian. So we can find these events: aristocrats joined to second category of Mongols and overcame Tarabi. After this event, Mongols got a difference, finally Oktay Gha,an ordered to survive people and the city: Bukhara. So Joveini is correct in his sentences, and his contemporary historians knew that.

the authors of this article have tried to Content analysis (analytical-descriptive approach) and with a critical approach, to carefully examine Khaghanichr('39')s poetic capacities from the perspective of political rhetoric and with emphasis on soft power theory (as the second aspect of power versus hard power) and from This will explain the role and function of culture and language in the field of power equations. Accordingly, Khaghanichr('39')s clever use of some rhetorical techniques and methods, such as "message massage", "tagging", "humor", "symbolic violence", "exaggeration and exaggeration", "removal", "repetition and Emphasis, as much as it is on the more difficult and perhaps more powerful aspect of power, reveals its function in interacting with the institution of power.

literary complexity, linguistic vulgarity and assigning of Safavid period poetry to decline were among the main causes of the emergence of literary return current whose dominant thought was returning the poetry and literature to their past boundaries of authority and glory. Following this thought, imitation of the past literary works, especially the works of the poets and writers of Khorasani and Iraqi styles, and sometimes the Voghooie style, was spread. In this regard, one of the forms of imitation and following was composing the sketch poems. The sketch poems were those that were designed and ordered by the owners of the associations and literary circles, and the poets were asked to compose a poem based on the rhyme and rhythm of that sketch poetry. Although being important in examination of the style of the return period poetry, this issue has not been specifically addressed. So, the authors of this paper have tried to describe, criticize and review this topic in a content analysis method (descriptive-analytical approach). Accordingly, it has been determined that composing the sketch poems is one of the important forms of imitation and following of the predecessorschr('39') literary styles prevalent from the early Safavid period to the late Qajar dynasty. The oldest sample of composing this kind of poetry dates back to the era of ShahAbbas government and The composing this kind of poetry was also prevalent in the Qajar dynasty, especially the governments of Fath Ali Shah and Nasser al-Din Shah. Neshat Isfahani, Saba Kashani, Sahab and Mojmer are among the most famous poets of this kind. Furthermore, since this kind of poetry was composed based on a certain plan, it was mainly imitative, repetitive, and obligatory although lacked creativity and innovation, but, because it was in accordance with the dominant ideas of the literary return current, it plays a great role in returning the poetry to the past periods.

One of the approaches of women writers is the desire to draw the intellectual world and reflect their mental and biological experiences in society. . According to some of these authors, the experience of living in a patriarchal world has many social, economic, and psychological consequences for women. Violence against women is one of the consequencesThis is a topic that is common to women writers. In the present study, five selected novels of the seventies "Wandering Island", "House of Idris", "Acacia Migration", "Bamdad Khomar" and "Fennel Fragrance" according to their common theme of sexual violence based on cultural pattern (theory). Elaine Schwalter) has been selected for review To examine the types of violence against women and the reasons for its various manifestations in the mentioned works. The research method is descriptive-analytical. This article tries to answer the questions of how the phenomenon of violence against women is represented in the mentioned works. And how do women in storytelling react to violence against women? From the "cultural model" of the stories in question, it was concluded that women in the form of "traditional women" and "modern women" with individual and social identities face the phenomenon of violence. Traditional women do not want to change their identity and gain social identity and endure violence, and women like themselves are handed over to society, which is the main reason for the continued violence against them, silence, non-protest, compromise and acceptance of violence. It is from them While modern women do not cope with the patriarchal norms of society and try to change their mentality and identity and the women around them. They fight violence against women and become successful role models for other women. Examples of violence against women in these works are reflected in five types: "physical", "sexual", "verbal", "psychological" and "economic".

The issue of Satanchr('39')s warning and defense from him is one of the most controversial mystical issues, which is somehow linked to the story of the creation and position of Satan in the system of existence. In some Persian novels, a picture of Iblis is presented, which in some ways is reminiscent of what is stated in mystical texts. The main focus of the present study is to examine the content of Satanchr('39')s warning in the novels of the Yakolia va tanhaai e u( Yeklia and her loneliness) , Malakoot( the kingdom) . Examining the manifestations of this belief in these novels and its relevance to the ideas of some Sufi books both better illustrate the themes of these novels and show the level of connection between these works and traditional literature and their effectiveness from past texts. The study found that the authors were more or less frustrated by the frustration of the socially unsatisfactory atmosphere and the inability to change and rectify the situation, as well as under the influence of ancient, deterministic texts. They have considered the distress and corruption of their time to be inevitable, and by proving the ignorance and innocence of the devil, they have considered his existence necessary for todaychr('39')s life. In two novels, Yaklia and his loneliness, and the kingdom the Satanchr('39')s helplessness in performing his duties, his companionship in Godchr('39')s predetermined goal, his presence at the same time as abandonment, Satanchr('39')s complaint of his destiny, his impatience to perform his duties, his nostalgia for his former position and his love to God  is worth considering and paying attention.

In Persian literature, as well as many phenomena, all sorts of clothes, have been conceptualized and referred to. The turban  is one of the clearest examples of the fact that the poets have paid attention to it in many ways Accordingly, this study seeks to reveal sides of turban that caught the attention of men of letters, then show the themes and reasons for multiple references to this head-cover and the reasons for the multiplicity of themes related to it in literary works. This will not only reveal the underlying aspects of the culture of clothing, but also can show the manner and disposition of turban-users. In this paper, therefore, in the library method and with respect to poetical works and some historical texts, first the signs of turbans and concepts made from them are extracted, then each of them is divided into defined titles and analyzed in descriptive - analytical method. According to the findings, the turban have been conceptualized and referred to form aspect of “the way of wearing it and the posture of it on the head” and in terms of "quantitative and qualitative dimensions". But since in Persian literature, speaking of the turban, mainly observes the status of different turban-users, and how to deal with them, the main theme of attention to the different sides of turban and referring to it and making concepts form it, lies under this matter. In fact, widespread criticism of turban-users, especially rejecting the peace seeker turban-users and authorities, has resulted in the emergence of a major part of attention to this head-cover and its extensive plan in Persian literature.