نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دامپزشکی
سال دوم شماره 3 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

In this experiment, the effect of oral administration of cabergoline, an anti-prolactin drug on induction of fertileestrus in bitches was investigated. For this purpose, fourteen bitches from terrier breeds were used in the studyat their already determined periods of anestrous. Four dogs formed the control group, while 10 bitches weretreatment group. All treatment females were administered with recommended doses (5µg/day) of cabergolineformulation marketed for use in women. An aqueous solution of cabergoline (casber, Pharmacia, Italy) was orallyadministered until 2 days after the onset of proestrus or for a maximum of 41 days. The dogs with signs of proestrus(8/10) following the treatment were assigned into two subgroups. Five hundred IU of HCG was intramuscularlyadministered to four of these dogs on days 1 and 3 of estrus. The remaining 4 dogs were not treated with HCG.Blood samples were taken once from all females during the frst days of treatment and then every other dayduring the beginning the behavioral estrus to measure progesterone concentrations. Induced estrus rates and meantreatment and proestrus durations of dogs in treatment were compared. In the treatment proestrus was inducedbetween days 21– 41 (mean: 29±6.5 days), in the ratio of 80.0 (p < 0.05). The duration of proestrus and oestruswas found to be 8.1 ±1.9 (range, 6 to 11).The duration of estrus in the HCG (+) and HCG (-) subgroups were found to be 10.1 ±1.8 (range9 to 11) and 14 ±2.5 (range, 8 to 12) days, respectively. The conception rate in relation to the number of bitches responding to theestrus induction treatment was similar, 50% (2 out of 4) and mean number of offspring in the HCG(+) and HCG(-)subgroups were found to be 3.5 ± 0.6 and 4 ± 1.4 , respectively (p > 0.05). In control group, all the animals did notshow estrus behavior or pregnancy at the same period.It has been concluded from this study that normal and fertile estrus can be induced more economically in bitchesduring different stages of anestrous using cabergoline formulation marketed for use in women, and HCG injectionson days 1 and 3 of the estrus induced by this method had no positive effects on the pregnancy rates.

This survey was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection throughcommercial layer farms in Alborz and Qazvin provinces. A total of 2050 serum samples from 21 commercial layerflocks (50 samples from each farm), mostly over 40- week- old were collected during winter and spring seasonsrandomly. The sera were experimented for detecting the antibody against Ms by Serum Plate Agglutination (SPA)Test using commercial M. Synoviae antigen (Soleil Co., France). Positive reactions retested by SPA on 1/8 dilutionand the flocks with more than 10% of positive reactions were considered positive serologically.The results showed that in Alborz province: 10 out of 20 (50%) farms were positive and 10 out of 20 (50%) farmswere negative. Also, 170 out of 1000 (17%) serum samples were positive, 6 out of 1000 (0.6%) were suspect and824 out of 1000 (82.4%) were negative. In Qazvin province: 7 out of 21 flocks (33.3%) were positive and 14 out of21 flocks (66.7%) were negative. Also, 201 out of 1050 sera (19.14%) were positive, 6 sera (0.57%) were suspectand 843 sera (80.28%) were negative. Statistical analysis showed signifcant positive correlation between positiveflocks and strain (LSL strain serologically showed higher positive reaction rate compared to Hy-Line strain),capacity of flocks and the number of houses in the farms (P<0.05).It seems that the seroprevalence of Ms in layer flocks is high. However using MS live vaccine as interventionstrategy requires more detailed studies.

Abortion and fetal loss are the most important problems in industrial dairy cattle, which causing a lot of economiclosses to dairy herds. Abortion causes are classifed into two major classes. Infectious and non-infectious classes,Bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal agents are in infectious causes of abortion and nutritional factors, chemicals,drugs, poisons, are in non-infectious class, poisonous plants and hormonal factors are in non-infectious causes ofabortion. Many infectious agents cause changes in fetus and placenta which some of them are specifc and someare shared with other agents. Many aborted fetuses can be detected by careful review of pathological fndingsand can be solved in order to be tried in the herd. Pathological changes in aborted fetuses can be investigatedby macroscopic and microscopic survey. On the basis of existing studies, some of the pathological lesions arecompletely specifc and can be detected by microscopic observation. To determine the causes of abortion inTehran province dairy herds and their macroscopic and microscopic lesions, 200 aborted fetuses were collectedin four consecutive seasons. After necropsy, the macroscopic lesions in their various organs were observed andtissue samples obtained from the brain, cerebellum, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, lung and skeletal muscle werefxed in neutral buffered 10% formalin, routinely embedded in paraffn and stained with H&E. The results ofthis study showed that most abortions in dairy herds of the west region of Tehran province are due to 4 diseases:Neosporosis, BVD, Leptospirosis and IBR. On the basis of these results, each one had its specifc histopathologicalcharacteristics which can be used for the purpose of diagnosis.

Subclinical and clinical hypocalcaemia (milk fever) are two major causes of economic loss in dairy cattle.At the onset of lactation, cows demand is 2.3gr calcium per kg of colostrum which is about nine times as muchcalcium as it is present in the entire plasma which could result in milk fever. The economic losses of milk feverinclude: milk fever relapses‚ downer cow‚ dystocia and reproductive disease.In this study effect of oral administration of calcium lactate bolus evaluated in a diary farm. Twenty four out of48 pregnant cows randomly selected and treated with calcium bolus at calving or 12 hours after calving, the restwas considered as control group. Blood samples were collected from cows at 24 and 48 hours after calving andanalyzed for serum total calcium level in both control and treatment group. Statistical analysis showed signifcantdifferences between control and treatment groups (p<0.05).

Varoasis is one of the most important diseases of honey bee which caused by Varroa mites.This parasitic diseasecan destroy bee hives colonies at short time period.Varroa mite cause weakness in bee colonies because feedingvia bee larves and decrease bee hive production.So, chemical treatments were used in apiaries around the worldfor controlling of this disease.In this study,the effects of Gabon PA92 and Bayvarol was evaluated.30 bee hivesin Nazar abad of Karaj Province in 3 experimental groups were examined.In each bee hive,we took 50 adult beesand 50 honey bee pupa and their mites were separated so primary infestation was determined.After using Gabonand Bayvarol,rate of infestation was determined again.In control group because of unusing drug,rate of infestationwas higher but in groups of Bayvarol and Gabon,rate of infestation was decreased from 7.2% to 0.3 and 7 to 0.1 inadult bees and 5.7% to 0.2 and 5.4 % to 0.1 in pupa respectively.Effectivness of drugs was 95.8 % and 98.5 % inadult bees and 96.4 % and 98.1 % in pupa for Bayvarol and Gabon respectively.Although,the treatment effect ofGabon was a little more than Bayvarol but this difference was not signifcant (P>0.05).

Parasitic infestations are the most current diseases in animals, it not only has direct effect on animal’s healthbut also makes them vulnerable to catch other bacterial and viral diseases and even in most animals it even cancause death. This study was conducted to evaluate sheep abomasums infestations in Khoy slaughterhouse fromwinter of 1388 to the end of spring of 1389, and about 76 abomasums were assessed. During the study sampleswere gathered in several times abomasums were separated from the rest of the Animal’s body and parasites wereseparated by sedimentation method.This study was carried out to evaluate parasitic infestations of the abomasums of sheep in Khoy slaughterhouseduring a 12 months period, in 131 samples taken from sheep 26 samples (19/84 %) Ostertagia(16 OstertagiaOstertagi and 10 Ostertagia Circumsincta),12 samples (9/16 %) marshalagia marshali and 22 samples (16/79 %)were infested to hemoncos contortos In this study, 6 of the abomasums had jointly Ostertagia Ostertagi, OstertagiaCircumsincta and Marshalagia marshali and in 3 infested. cases causative agents were diagnosed as Marshalagiamarshali and hemoncos contortos , and fnally 71 (54/19 %) abomasums had no parasitic infesttion of any kind andtotally 60 sample (45/81) from 131 samples was positive.

A 1 year male English bulldog, 20 kg body weight had been referred to the small animal clinic with refractoryhematuria. History taking showed that two operations were carried out for umbilical herniation within 2 months.Owner claimed that hematuria was relapsed after second operation on recurrent umbilical herniation and has lastedfor two weeks. In clinical examination fever, venerial tumor, and urethral prolapsed was noticed. Diagnosticimaging studies showed no caliculi on upper and lower urinary tract both on radiographical and ultrasonographicalinvestigations, but sediment in urinary bladder was detected ultrasonographically. Eexploratory operation wasrecommended. Surgery was performed through celiotomy. Vesicourachal diverticulum was found incidentallyand diverticulectomy was performed. Postoperative care was consisted of antibiotic administration. Hematuriawas stopped 24 hours postoperatively. This case study showed that a rare anomaly as vesicourachal diverticulumcould be coincident with other anomaly as umbilical herniation. Therefore clinicians must take the anomalies intoconsiderations and have meticulous caution for treatment in congenitally disordered patients.

Cloacal prolapse can be seen in all bird species, including ostriches, at any age or gender but occurs most frequentlyunder the age of three months and in male chicks. It’s etiology is not so defnite and clear, but management factors,infectious, nutritional, and some viral tumors might be involved in the event. Treatment methods are relativelyvaried, several non-surgical and surgical procedures can be performed such as some suture pattern around the vent,percutaneous cloacopexy, rib cloacopexy, abdominal cloacopexy and pubic cloacopexy. Two 2-month-old maleostrich chicks with cloacal prolapse underwent non invasive surgery with purse string stitches around the vent,were treated successfully and there was no sign of recurrence in them.