فصلنامه ایده های نوین روانشناسی
سال پنجم شماره 10 (پاییز 1399)

The aim of this study was to compare mindfulness and social adjustment in women with traditional-religious lifestyle and women with modern lifestyle. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all women in Tehran in 1398. Based on stepwise cluster sampling, 120 people were selected as the sample size. The research measurement questionnaire was Freiburg (2001), Pickel and Wiseman (1999) and Kaviani (2009) Islamic adjustment scale. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method, the value of which was higher than 0.7 for all three questionnaires. Content validity was also used to test the validity of the questionnaire, for which the questionnaires were approved by relevant experts. The analysis of the information obtained from the questionnaires was performed through SPSS software in two descriptive and inferential sections (independent t). The results showed that there is a difference between womenchr('39')s mindfulness and social adjustment of women with traditional-religious lifestyle and women with modern lifestyle at the level of 0.05. According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that womenchr('39')s awareness and social adjustment to traditional-religious lifestyle was higher than women with modern lifestyle.

Due to the increasing use of social networks among people in the community, especially students, so the need for research in this area is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social adjustment and self-efficacy with the use of social networks in primary school students in Behshahr. The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population was all 1450 primary school students in Behshahr, which based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 306 people were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling. Research tools included Sinha and Sang social adjustment questionnaire, general self-efficacy questionnaire and social media use questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, independent t-test and multivariate regression using SPSS software version 20. Findings showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between social adjustment and self-efficacy with the use of social networks in students. Also, self-efficacy with beta coefficient β = -0.567 has the highest relationship with the use of social networks. There is no significant difference between studentschr('39') social adjustment, self-efficacy and use of social networks by gender. Conclusion that the use of social networks has a negative effect on social adjustment and self-efficacy of students. Therefore, university officials are suggested to hold educational workshops for parents and students with scientific and coherent planning in order to address the disadvantages of excessive use of social networks and also the correct use of social networks. , In order to increase social adjustment and self-efficacy in students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional training on hope and happiness among high school students. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all high school students in Tehran in 1399 who were divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups by stepwise cluster sampling. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of emotional intelligence training and the control group did not receive any training. Data collection method was based on two questionnaires of hope (Schneider et al., 1991) and Oxford Happiness (Argyle and Lou, 1989). The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method, the value of which was higher than 0.7 for both questionnaires. Content validity was also used to test the validity of the questionnaire, for which the questionnaires were approved by relevant experts. The analysis of information obtained from the implementation of questionnaires through SPSS software was performed in two descriptive and inferential sections (analysis of covariance). The results of data analysis showed that emotional intelligence training has a significant effect on studentschr('39') hope. The results also showed that emotional intelligence training increased studentschr('39') happiness. Based on these results, it can be said that emotional intelligence skills training can be used as an intervention program to promote studentschr('39') hope and happiness.

The aim of this study was to compare anxiety and depression and history of memory among asthmatic and healthy individuals. The research method was descriptive comparative causal. The statistical population of this study included patients with asthma who referred to Milad Hospital on an outpatient basis in 1399. The sample of this study was 60 people with 30 patients with asthma and 30 normal people who were matched with the clinical group in terms of gender, age and education as a control group. The research instruments included Demographic Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Multivariate analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis of research questions. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between anxiety and depression in asthmatic and healthy individuals (p <0.05).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (authoritarian, liberating and rational) with academic success in high school students in Tehran. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female high school students in Tehran in 1399, from which 257 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage random sampling. The research instruments were: parenting style questionnaire (Bamrind, 1991) and academic success (Salehi, 1392), all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed from the implementation of questionnaires through SPSS software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Pearson correlation test and multiple regression). The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between rational authority style and academic success. There is a significant positive relationship between authoritative parenting style and liberating style with academic success. Therefore, since the family and its educational model play an important role in shaping the habits and behaviors of children, it seems that the change in parenting styles can be one of the factors to increase their childrenchr('39')s academic success.

The purpose of this study was to identify the indicators of family interactions in families with normal children.

The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and in the form of a background research method and design. The sampling method used was accessible and purposeful, during which the researcher, after identifying a first grade school and a second secondary school in Qazvin city, based on the principle of information saturation, selected eight ordinary students to participate in the study. And interviewed. All interviews were recorded and then handwritten and finally analyzed using the systematic method of Strauss and Corben (1987).

Analysis of family interactions of normal students led to the identification of 13 open codes and 4 central codes (emotional-intellectual intimacy (couple and parent-child), communication skills, mastery in using problem-solving skills, Comprehensive and systematic respect and cooperation).

The results of this study led to the identification of interaction indices of families with normal children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reciprocal behavior analysis approach on marital adjustment and components (satisfaction, solidarity, agreement and expression of love) in mothers of male elementary school students in District 1 of Tehran. The statistical population of the study was all the mothers of first grade male students in 2017-1997. The sample size was 30 people to teach the interaction behavior analysis approach, of which 15 were in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. Data collection method was performed on the sample using the scales of adjustment, marital compatibility, spanier (1976) as well as the training of interaction behavior analysis approach during 8 sessions for 90 minutes per week. Data analysis was performed using statistical test (multivariate analysis of covariance). Findings showed: Teaching reciprocal behavior analysis approach had a positive effect on marital adjustment and components (two-person satisfaction, two-person correlation, two-person agreement and expression of affection) of the experimental group in the post-test. The results also showed that the interaction behavior analysis approach increases marital adjustment and mutual satisfaction, two-person solidarity, two-person agreement and the expression of affection of the mothers of first grade male elementary school students.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of communication skills on increasing the intimacy and quality of life of women with marital conflicts. The statistical population in this study was women with marital conflicts referring to psychiatric centers in Tehran in the fall of 1397. In this study, 30 women who referred to the criteria for entering the study were selected and then randomly assigned to two groups of 15 (experimental and control) groups. Participants with intimacy (Walker & Thompson, 1983) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (1999) were evaluated. Then, the participants in the experimental group received communication skills during eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the post test scores of the experimental and control groups in the intimacy and quality of life variables. Communication skills training has led to an increase in the intimate and quality of life of women in the experimental group. Regarding the effectiveness of communication skills training in increasing the intimacy and quality of life of women with marital conflicts, it can be used in the form of therapeutic programs to apply this therapeutic approach.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive parenting education for mothers of children with ADHD to reduce symptoms and childrenchr('39')s academic achievement. The research method is quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test with control group). The statistical population included all children aged 4 to 12 years referred to the useful childrenchr('39')s hospital and the sample included 30 mothers whose children received the highest score in the diagnosis of hyperactivity and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The test is Connors questionnaire (parent form) and Bamrind parenting questionnaire. Data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis of covariance. Findings showed that positive parenting education is effective in reducing the behavioral problems of ADHD children as well as academic achievement and changing the parenting style of their mothers.

The official statistics of marriage and divorce in the country show that marriage has decreased every year compared to the previous year and the divorce rate has increased. The aim of this study was to determine the difference between psychological comfort and quality of life in divorced and normal women with children. The research was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all divorced women with children under the auspices of the Welfare Organization of Tehran-East region in 1399, of whom 50 were available by convenience sampling method and among married (normal) women with resident children In the eastern region of Tehran, 50 people were selected by simple random sampling. The research instruments included a demographic information checklist (researcher-made form), a psychological comfort questionnaire (Reef, 1980) and a quality-of-life short-form questionnaire (WHO, 1996). Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test and analysis of variance with SPSS version 26. The results showed that divorced women had lower quality of life, physical, mental, social and environmental health compared to normal women (P <0.05). Also, the results showed that divorced women had lower independence, environmental dominance, personal growth, positive relationships with others, purposefulness in life and psychological comfort than normal women (P <0.05). According to the results of this study, it is necessary for mental health officials in the community to design and implement programs to improve the quality of life and increase the psychological comfort of divorced women.

Substance use is one of the most serious human problems in recent years and the most complex human phenomenon. Drug abuse and addiction is a chronic condition causing physical, family, economic, and social harm. This study was aimed at determining the correlation between using substances, alcohol, neuropsychiatric drugs, and smoking with studentschr('39') academic achievement (case study of students in Tehran Islamic Azad University, Central Branch) in the academic years 2020-2021. This study was a descriptive-correlational one in which 740 people were selected by simple random sampling among the eligible students according to the sample size formula. SPSS software, version 17 was used for data analysis. The findings of the present study showed that academic achievement of students who used substances, alcohol, cigarette and neuropsychiatric drugs was significantly lower than other students. Statistical t-test results also confirmed these findings.

The investorschr('39') behavior in financial markets is one of the most important issues in behavioral finance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the investors’ behavior in Tehran stock exchange based on model developed by Thomas Bailard, David Biehl and Ronald Kaiser (BB&K) five-way model. This model includes Adventurer, Celebrity, Individualist, Guardian and straight Arrow. Investment opportunities (financial products) in the stock exchange were divided into five separate categories. To do this research, 364 investors were selected as a statistical sample. The needed data was gathered through a questionnaire. The research hypotheses were analyzed by using regression analysis. The research findings show, there is meaningful and positive relationship between personality types of investors and their behavior in stock exchange market. That means adventurer & celebrity’s investors tend to invest in financial products of the first and second category. But guardian and straight arrow’s investors tend to invest in financial products of the third, fourth and fifth category. Finally, individualist investors tend to invest in all five categories of financial products.

The purpose of this study was to Prediction of Alexithymia based on Self-Efficacy and Perfectionism Children on the Street. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive method of correlation. The statistical population of this study was all street children who referred to the institutions of the city (Farhzadchr('39')s young seedlings, Farhzadchr('39')s house, Shoshchr('39')s baby house, Naser Khosrowchr('39')s baby house and a house for future) in Tehran in 1397. The study population included all the street children. Using random sampling method, 158 street children were selected as the statistical sample. The tools used in this Toronto Alexithymia (1994) were self-efficacy General Sherer et al. (1982) and Besharatchr('39')s Perfectionism (2007). The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and its value was more than 0.7 for questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression model. The results showed that, there is a negative and significant relationship between the difficulty in describing emotions with self-efficacy and perfectionism in street children. There is a negative and significant relationship between the difficulty in identifying emotions with self-efficacy and perfectionism in street children (p<0/01). The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between external thinking and self-efficacy and perfectionism in street children. Therefore, self-efficacy and perfectionism are significant predictor of Alexithymia.

the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between sexual beliefs and sexual function with marital satisfaction in married women.

This research was a descriptive - correlation study and 188 married women were selected through voluntary accessible sampling in Gorgan. Index of Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire,Female Sexual Function Index Questionnaire and Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire were completed by the participants. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 16 using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

relationship between the variables of sexual beliefs and sexual function with marital satisfaction. Also, it was determined that two predictors of this research explain about 43.5% of changes in marital satisfaction.

relationship between Sexual beliefs and sexual function are related to the marital satisfaction of women can correct inefficient beliefs and increase sexual knowledge, is a serious requirement.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal personality traits and stressors during pregnancy with anxiety disorder in children. This research is of descriptive-applied type. The statistical population of this study was all children with mothers referring to psychologists licensed in District 6 of Holy Mashhad. While reviewing the inclusion criteria, 53 children were selected using the available sampling method. In order to collect the required information and data to test the research hypotheses, Spence Childrenchr('39')s Anxiety Questionnaire (parent form), Vandenberg Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire (short form) and Neo Personality Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using regression coefficient and correlation coefficient using SPSS-21 software. Findings obtained from data analysis showed the significance of the regression model of predicting childrenchr('39')s anxiety based on pregnancy stressors and personality traits N, A and O of mothers. These findings indicate the importance of motherschr('39') psychological conditions during pregnancy, due to the effect of these conditions on their childrenchr('39')s psychological performance, later.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group-based cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce anxiety (correct and postural), stress and improve the quality of life of high school students with rheumatoid arthritis in Hamadan. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a budget control group. The statistical population of the study included all male students studying in the secondary school of Hamedan in the academic year 1398-99 (470 people) that 30 male students with rheumatoid arthritis were selected by sampling method and in two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people) are placed. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 1 hour under the cognitive-behavioral group and the control group waited for treatment during this period. Good data collection method was based on Spielberger (1970) Anxiety Inventory (Correct Mode), Lobivand Stress Scale (1995) and Arthritis 2 Quality of Life Short Scale. Experiments and data analysis for conducting questionnaires through SPSS 23 software were performed in two inferential sections (analysis of covariance). The results show that the trial that reduces cognitive-behavioral therapy in a group style has anxiety, anxiety (correct and positive), stress and improving the quality of life of high school students with rheumatoid arthritis in Hamadan.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of adolescent-centered mindfulness training on improving the executive functions of school students in Tehranchr('39')s second district. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study includes all male adolescents studying in schools in the second district of Tehran in the academic year 1397-1398 and 30 people were selected by simple random sampling. The effectiveness of the adolescent-centered mindfulness training intervention program was performed in 10 sessions of 60 minutes for the experimental group. The executive function improvement questionnaire (go-go test, n-back test and London Tower test) was used to collect information. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of Loon test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, analysis of covariance were used. The results of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the executive functions of students before and after the intervention. There is a significant difference in the sub-scales of executive functions (working memory, inhibition control and flexibility). (p <0.001).

Accordingly, holding adolescent-centered mindfulness training intervention sessions is effective in improving studentschr('39') executive functions.

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between quality of educational services with mental health and achievement among elementary students (grades 5th and 6th) in Tehran District 1. This is an applied study in term of purpose, and a descriptive correlation study in term of data collection and methodology. Research statistical population included 850 male and female elementary students. 265 individuals (138 males and 127 females) were selected through stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through a standard questionnaires. Validity anf rliability of th instruments were verified. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis through SPSS. Research results showed that the quality of educational services (physical and mental succulence at school and classroom, using smart learning, love-, respect-, and mutual trust-based interactions between the teacher and learner) is significantly related to mental health and achievement (including success, endeavor, satisfaction, enjoy, decision-making, and performance, etc.) among students.

This research has studied the effectiveness of motivational management training on studentschr('39') academic resilience and procrastination. The research is a quasi-experimental study with control group containing pre-test and post-test which people were randomly in control and experimental groups. The population was all high school students of Tehran selected by cluster sampling among 22 districts which number 5 was chosen. The number of students was 15 in control group and 17 in experimental group which were randomly divided to two groups after the pilot. The measurement tools were Samuelchr('39')s academic resilience questionnaire (2004) and Talkman and Sextonchr('39')s academic procrastination scale (1989). The experimental group of students received necessary training and post-test was taken from both groups. According to the analysis of data there were significant differences between two groups at pre-test and post-test. Motivational management training has increased academic resilience and decreased procrastination. According to research motivational management training increases ability of facing with educational difficulties and therefore the educational resilience. By the increasing of motivational level we can see decrease in homework procrastination also. This could be the reason for using the motivational management training protocol at schools and educational counseling centers.

The aim of this study was to predict pregnancy anxiety based on the personality and emotional intelligence of the spouse. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all pregnant women and their husbands in Tehran in 1398. 120 couples (120 females and 120 males) were selected by available scoring. The research instruments were Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire (Wendenberg, 1989), Five Personality Factor Questionnaire (McCreery and Costa, 1989), and Emotional Intelligence (Shut et al., 1988). The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method, the value of which was higher than 0.7 for all three questionnaires. Content validity was also used to test the validity of the questionnaire, for which the questionnaires were approved by relevant experts. Data analysis was performed from questionnaires through spss-22 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression). The results of data analysis showed that the personality component of neuroticism component (β = 0.225) is a positive and significant predictor of pregnancy anxiety and the extroversion component (β = -0.21) is a negative and significant predictor of pregnancy anxiety. Between the components of emotional intelligence, the expression of emotion (β = -0.188) and the application of emotion (β = -0.222) is a negative and significant predictor of pregnancy anxiety. Based on the results, personality and emotional intelligence can predict pregnancy anxiety. The results of this study to inform pregnant women about how personality and emotional intelligence affect pregnancy anxiety can have a positive effect.

The aim of this study was to predict job satisfaction based on quality of work life. This study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all male employees of  Bank Mellat in Tehran branches in 1397 and were selected by cluster sampling from 20 branches. Data collection method was based on the job satisfaction questionnaire of Martin J. Gannon (1981) and Richard Walton (1973) Quality of Work Life Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed from the implementation of questionnaires through SPSS 23 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (multiple linear regression analysis). The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction. Also, the factors of human resource development, social integration and cohesion, the existence of legalism in the organization and the social dependence of working life, are able to predict job satisfaction at the level of 95% confidence.