Avicenna Journal of Dental Research
Volume:11 Issue: 4, Dec 2019

Depigmentation has become an important treatment modality among the general population due to the growing esthetic concern about the pigmentation. Previous studies have not considered parameters such as anatomical distribution of gingiva, intensity of pigmentation, and skin color in their classification systems. The purpose of this study was to assess physiologic gingival pigmentation in individuals based on certain gingival parameters and their correlation with skin color for better treatment strategies using a new classification system.

The study was carried out in Ragas Dental College using a cross-sectional design. A total of 112 female dental students were examined for skin color and gingival parameters. The facial gingiva of upper anterior teeth was assessed for gingival phenotype, intensity and distribution of pigmentation. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and the associations between variables were done using chi-square test (P<0.05).

It was found that skin color has a significant association with the intensity of pigmentation (P=0.0001). In both dark and fair skinned individuals, Class II pigmentation (47%, 23.2%) with thick phenotype (62.5%, 35%) was most prevalent. Dark-skinned individuals were also found to have a generalized distribution of melanin pigmentation (19%) with high intensity of pigmentation (28.5%) predominantly. Fair-skinned individuals had a patchy distribution of melanin pigmentation with low intensity of pigmentation (37%).

The association of skin color with various parameters affecting gingival pigmentation can help in determining the depigmentation treatment strategies

Artifact refers to an artificial or replaced structure in histopathological slides as a result of an extraneous factor. Given the influence of identification and awareness of the types of artifacts on the correct diagnosis, the frequency of artifacts in oral and maxillofacial histopathological slides was assessed.

In this cross-sectional study, census method was used to assess 119 oral and maxillofacial histopathological slides retrieved from the archive of Zanjan Dental School from 2015 to 2017. Artifacts were divided into three groups arising from the surgeon’s performance, technician’s performance, and specimen transfer to the laboratory. Statistical analysis of data was performed using an independent t test in SPSS software version 18.0.

The average numbers of artifacts arising from the surgeon’s performance, technician’s performance, and specimen transfer to the laboratory were 3.90±1.14, 3.08±1.10, and 0, respectively. The mean number of artifacts arising from the surgeon’s performance was significantly higher compared to the other two groups (P<0.01) and the most common ones included fragmentation, split, and tear. The most common artifacts arising from the technician’s performance were fold/wrinkle, chaffer, and floater. There was no artifact arising from specimen transfer to the laboratory.

The results indicated a high frequency of various artifacts in the studied slides. Therefore, paying more attention to slide preparation protocols and proficient performance during the biopsy procedure as well as further cooperation between the surgeon, pathologist, and laboratory technician can be useful in reducing the frequency of artifacts and achieving a better diagnosis.

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a multi-systemic inflammatory disorder. Evaluating theproduction of cytokines such as interferon gamma,biomarkers such as heat shock protein-70(HSP70)is an important way to study the pathogenesis,development of BD. This study aimed tocompare the salivary level of interferon gamma,HSP70 between patients infected with BD andhealthy individual.

This case-control study was performed on 35 patients with Behcet’s syndrome,70 healthyindividuals as the control group,who were selected from those referring to the Department of OralMedicine of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The levels of interferon gamma,HSP70 weremeasured in the whole unstimulated saliva through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA). Inorder to compare the quantitative variables between two groups,independent samples t-test or itsnonparametric equivalent,Mann-Whitney U test,was used in SPSS software version 16.0. In this study,a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no significant difference between the study groups in terms of age,gender,aswell as salivary interferon gamma,HSP70 levels. Interferon gamma level was 15.16±3.38 pg,mg inthe case group,5.27±1.21 pg,mg in the control group,and salivary HSP70 level was found to be45.50±17 ng,mL,19.5±5.2 ng,mL in the case,control groups,respectively.

The results of this study showed that interferon gamma,HSP70 levels in patients withBehcet’s syndrome are high,can be evaluated as an important tool for the treatment,evaluationof disease development in future studies

during pregnancy and is associated with adverse prenatal and perinatal outcomes. However, pregnant women are reluctant to visit a dentist because of unreliable information or perceived hazards of dental procedures for the mother and fetus. Therefore, it is vital to examine the knowledge and practice of obstetricians and midwives and their attitude towards oral health of pregnant women as they are closely connected with these women. Methods: In this study, 90 obstetricians and midwives from Birjand were randomly selected. The data for their knowledge, attitude, and practice were collected through self-report. The scale developed by Malek Mohammadi et al, with a high reliability of 80%, was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Most of the participants (65.6%) worked in the hospital setting, and an average period of 10.32±8.24 years had passed from the subjects’ graduation. Of them, 82.2% provided care services for more than 40 hours per week for an average number of 31.3±67.6 patients. The mean score of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 6.27±1.33, 19.43±2.10, and 4.32±1.35, respectively. All participants considered it important to observe oral health during pregnancy, and 91.1% referred their patients to the dentist. Most of the participants (37.78%) obtained their information from continuous medical education programs. Conclusions: The results of this survey showed that the attitude and practice of obstetricians and midwives were satisfactory given their level of knowledge about the importance of oral health during pregnancy. However, they were still far from standard guidelines. Therefore, it is recommended that their knowledge and skills should be increased to obtain optimal care during pregnancy

Crown root fractures are usually caused by severe horizontal trauma,involving enamel,dentine,and cementum,and continue down to the gingival margin. One of the most common areasaffected by trauma in the mouth is maxillary central incisors.

A10-year-old boy fractured his maxillary central incisors. The fracture line involvedthe pulp,extended subgingivally on the palatal aspect invading the biologic width. The procedureused to manage this case included endodontic treatment of residual teeth,surgical extrusion tomove the fracture line above the alveolar bone. Finally,the teeth were restored with composite buildup.

During 24-month follow-up period,the teeth did not show any signs of root resorption.Therefore,surgical extrusion is recommended as a treatment option for crown,root fractures.

The aim of this study was to investigate the alveolar bone loss, using periapical radiographs, right after the implantation and also one year after the prosthetic delivery in intra-lock dental implant.

Digital periapical films of 164 intra-lock implants which were taken immediately after the surgery and one year after the prosthetic restoration between 2015 and 2017 were used in this study. All of the radiographs were taken by Rad Radiography Center in Ardabil and were implanted by Dr. Sigari (private office in Ardabil). Out of the 164 individuals, 80 (48.8%) were male and 84 (51.2%) were female. Their age ranged between 16 to 81 years old and the highest frequency belonged to the age group of 31-40 years old and the lowest frequency belonged to those who were under 20 years of age.

Mean bone loss was 1.87 mm one year after prosthetic delivery. The average bone loss was higher in the posterior upper jaw and total failure of this implant was observed only in 6 cases. No significant difference in the bone loss was observed between females and males (P= 0.221). The lowest mean bone resorption was observed in the age group of below 20 years. The highest mean bone resorption was observed in the posterior maxilla. Out of 164 patients, 158 (96.3%) had permanent implants and 6 (3.7%) had implant loss.

Within the limitations of this study, the mean bone loss in this brand was acceptable and Blossom Technology can find its way to the market, thus we found this brand with new technology useful for clinical application

Accuracy of measurements obtained from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, which is a diagnostic tool in dentistry, is an important issue. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of different operators in measuring dimensions using CBCT software.

In this experimental study, 35 different areas using opaque objects and drilling cavities were prepared on 3 phantoms which were made from fresh beef ribs. Then each phantom was scanned by CBCT Promax 3D. The mentioned areas were measured on CBCT images 2 times with one week interval by four observer groups consisting two radiologists, two periodontists, two maxillofacial surgeons, and two general dentists. Obtained measurements from each group of observers were compared with those of other groups and also with measurements of a digital caliper as a gold standard by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Then the measured dimensions, with respect to their application, were divided into three clusters including cluster 1: 2-7 mm, cluster 2: 7-16 mm, and cluster 3: more than 16 mm. T test was used to compare the mean value of each cluster with the mean value of the gold standard.

In general, based on ICC, inter- and intra-observer agreement, agreement between observer groups, and agreement between each group and the gold standard were significant. The results of t test showed a significant difference between the mean value of data and that of gold standard in clusters 1 and 3.

Generally, high accuracy and reliability were reported for different specialists of dentistry and general dentists in measuring the dimensions of objects and cavities in CBCT images.