Avicenna Journal of Dental Research
Volume:15 Issue: 4, Dec 2023

Tooth decay is one of the most common health problems in the world. Nowadays, finding new compounds to prevent tooth decay is more necessary than ever. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of fluoride 0.2% and mouthwash combined with flavonoid compounds against bacterial samples.

The crystal structures of glucansucrase from Streptococcus mutans and glucan-1, 6-alpha-glucosidase from Lactobacillus acidophilus were obtained from the Protein Data Bank. By using AutoDockTools (1.5.7), ligands and protein interactions were calculated and ready for AutoDock vina. The agar well diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) methods were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of mouthwashes, and the results were obtained with SPSS software.

Compounds eriocitrin and galangin showed the highest amount of H-bonds with amino acids against glucansucrase. In addition, catechin, eriocitrin, and isorhamnetin compounds demonstrated the highest amount of H-bonds with amino acids against glucan-1, 6-alpha-glucosidase. In vitro results revealed that groups a (Fluoride 0.2%+eriocitrin against S. mutans) and d (Fluoride 0.2%+eriocitrin against L. acidophilus) represented the most effect among all compounds, respectively (Inhibition zone=26±0.5 mm, MIC=250 µg/mL, MBC=500 µg/mL and inhibition zone=31±0.5 mm, MIC=125 µg/mL, MBC=250 µg/mL).

Fluoride 0.2% with eriocitrin was more effective in both methods (In silico and in vitro) compared to fluoride 0.2% due to its good inhibitory effect at different concentrations against S. mutans and L. acidophilus.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of oral lesions and complications, caries, and oral hygiene status in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, and gestational diabetes (GDM).

The plaque index of each patient was recorded using the Silness-Löe index. Dental health status was observed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The patient’s mouth was examined clinically for oral lesions and complications.

There were significant differences between the study groups with regard to age, duration of diabetes, DMFT index, oral lesions, and hygiene status.

According to the result of this study, the rate of dental caries, oral complications such as xerostomia, and burning mouth in patients with diabetes is higher than in healthy people.

Considering the therapeutic properties of the compounds used in Albodent Iranian toothpaste and little evidence about the effect of NovaMin toothpaste on primary caries lesions, the purpose of this research was to compare the effect of toothpaste containing fluoride and toothpaste containing bioactive glass with Albodent toothpaste on enamel remineralization in a laboratory manner.

Overall, 24 healthy human premolar teeth were selected and divided into buccal and lingual halves. The demineralization cycle of the samples was performed for 14 days. The samples were classified into four groups and were brushed twice a day for 28 days with tested toothpaste. A microhardness test was conducted, and changes in the enamel surface and morphology of one sample selected from each group were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests were used for the statistical analysis of the data.

The average difference in microhardness in the studied groups was statistically significant (P<0.05) when compared two-by-two with the control group. The most noticeable difference was found in the comparison of the Sensodyne group with the control group, while the lowest difference was observed in the comparison of the Albodent group with the control group.

The presence of NovaMin in toothpaste along with fluoride can increase the efficiency of the remineralization rate of primary enamel lesions compared to fluoride toothpaste without bioactive glass. In addition, the effectiveness of herbal toothpastes, which do not contain essential artificial ingredients in the remineralization of primary enamel lesions was lower than that of non-herbal fluoride toothpastes.

Periapical radiolucency occurs due to root canal infections. In this respect, effective root canal treatment and appropriate coronal restoration can aid in preventing these lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the periapical status in posterior root canal-treated teeth by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Iranian population.

The CBCT images of 210 patients (475 endodontically treated molars and premolars) referred to the Hamadan Dental School (from 2020 to 2022) were evaluated in this observational study. The images were obtained by a NewTom 3G CBCT device (NewTom, Verona, Italy) with an FOV of 6×6 inches at 110 kVp and varying milliampers and exposure times according to the patient’s age and body size. They were observed by two maxillofacial radiologists who recorded the periapical status, coronal seal, and endodontic treatment quality of root canal-treated teeth. The Chi-square test was used for data analysis (P≤0.05). Finally, the periapical lesion was determined, along with its association with gender, type of tooth, endodontic treatment quality, and appropriate restoration.

The results revealed no significant association between periapical radiolucency and gender. The prevalence of periapical lesions was higher in males aged 25–50 years, but no significant correlation was found in this regard. There was no significant relationship between tooth type and the presence of periapical lesions, while it had the highest prevalence in maxillary molars. Endodontic treatment quality and coronal restoration showed significant correlations with the presence of periapical radiolucency.

There was no significant association between the presence of periapical radiolucency and gender and age. The prevalence of periapical lesions was higher in males. Cases with poor endodontic treatment and poor restoration demonstrated the highest prevalence of periapical lesions.

Successful root canal treatment depends on correct cleaning, widening, and shaping of the root canal system. Root canal preparation using rotary files can cause dentin cracks. This study aimed to evaluate the number of dentin cracks created after the preparation of the mesiobuccal root canal of the first maxillary molars by ProTaper Gold and Edge taper platinum rotary files using a stereomicroscope.

In this laboratory study, 72 maxillary first molars were collected and randomly divided into three groups (n=24): control group, ProTaper Gold group, and Edge taper platinum group. Mesiobuccal canal preparation was performed in Edge taper platinum and ProTaper Gold groups up to file size F2. All roots were cut horizontally at distances of 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with a disc. The sections were examined under a stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test were used in SPSS version 22.0 for analyzing data. A significant level of 5% was considered.

In the control group, no cracks were observed in any of the sections. At 3 and 9 mm from the apex, the ProTaper Gold group had the highest frequency of cracks and at 6 mm from the apex, the Edge taper platinum group had the highest frequency of cracks. There was no significant difference in the frequency of dentin cracks between ProTaper Gold and Edge taper platinum groups in any of the sections.

Both ProTaper Gold and Edge taper platinum systems caused the formation of dentin cracks. Preparation of root canals by Edge taper platinum and ProTaper Gold rotary files causes the formation of dentin cracks to the same extent.

 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in weight, dietary habits, and daily activities in fixed orthodontic patients during the first trimester of orthodontic treatment.

 This prospective cohort study was performed on patients referred to the dental clinics of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences who were candidates for fixed orthodontic therapy. The participants’ weights, the frequency of fruit and fast food use, and their daily activities were registered through questionnaires. The participants were followed for three months, and the same data were collected one month and three months after the start of treatment. Repeated measure tests were employed to examine statistical significance using SPSS 22 software.

 The samples consisted of 125 subjects, including 32 (25.6%) males and 93 (74.4%) females, with a mean age of 22.75±4.02 years old. Weight, fast food, and fruit intake significantly decreased in the first month after treatment compared to the first treatment session (P<0.001). At the third appointment, the mean weight, fast food/fruit consumption, and daily activities increased significantly in comparison to the first month of treatment. However, there was no significant difference between any of the parameters 3 months post-treatment or at baseline (P>0.05).

 Fixed orthodontic treatment significantly reduced the average weight of patients and changed their eating habits during the first month of treatment, which all were retained to the baseline level in the following months. Considering the importance of a balanced diet, it is recommended that orthodontic-adaptive alternatives to nutrients be used in the early stages of orthodontic treatment.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) can be found as a primary intraosseous lesion, accounting for 2-3% of head and neck MEC. The mandibular premolar-molar region is the most common site, up to 50% of which is associated with dental cysts and/or impacted teeth. Histopathologically, it is classified into low, intermediate, and high grades. The best modality of treatment for intraosseous MEC is radical surgical resection. Radiotherapy is recommended to improve the prognosis in patients with positive margins, positive node disease, and moderate- and high-grade lesions. This paper reports a rare case of intraosseous MEC of the mandible in a 17-year-old female, discovered after the panoramic radiography of the jaws and treated by the segmental resection of the mandible through transoral approach and adjuvant radiotherapy.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited condition in which constitutive pathway activity and tumor cell proliferation are disturbed due to defects in hedgehog signaling. This study reports an adult case of hemophilia A suspected of having Gorlin syndrome. There is no similar evidence in the literature to describe the association between these disorders. NBCCS is characterized by the development of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The case presented in this study had two major manifestations of NBCCS, including the calcification of the falx cerebri and the presence of keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOTs); however, no minor manifestations of NBCCS were found in this case. On the other hand, given the financial restrictions, it was impossible to perform a genetic examination to confirm the presence of NBCCS.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare disease characterized by pancytopenia, susceptibility to infection, and difficulty maintaining hemostasis. Drugs are considered to be one of the most important risk factors associated with AA. Various studies have identified the pharmaceutical agents that may contribute to the development of AA. It is common for patients with severe periodontal disease and AA to experience spontaneous bleeding during brushing in terms of thrombocytopenia, which may further exacerbate dental problems. AA patients require comprehensive periodontal treatment that necessitates collaboration with a hematologist.