فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، پاییز 1399)

The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on marital adjustment, parent-child relationship quality, and self-compassion among female staff of Shiraz University in 1398. The present study was based on semi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population was all female employees of Shiraz University who were selected based on available sampling method and among them, 40 individuals were selected based on available sampling method. Then, 20 subjects in the experimental group and 20 in the control group were randomly assigned. The experimental group received the mindfulness-based stress reduction program in eight sessions. While the control group did not receive this training. Research instruments included the Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale, the Parent-Child Relationship Scale and the Compassion-Self Scale. According to the findings, mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention had a significant effect on the dimensions of Dyadic Satisfaction, Dyadic consensus and Dyadic Affectional expression of the Marital Adjustment Scale. On the Parent-Child Relationship Scale, the intervention had a significant effect on the conflict and dependency subscale of Pianta scale. The findings also showed the effect of this intervention on mindfulness, over-identification , common humanity and isolation of Self-Compassion Scale. The findings of study indicate the importance of mindfulness as one of the essential components of marital adjustment, parent-child interaction, and self-compassion, thus reducing stress on female employees.

Since women make up a large part of society's workforce, women's work and activity are a necessity in the economic, intellectual, cultural, and social spheres. Women's employment is a means of earning a living and meeting their needs. It has their security. Sometimes women's discrimination and inequality of employment have negative effects on them, providing the necessary conditions for women's job security, feeling a good job, ensuring that it continues in the future, the lack of threatening factors and proper working conditions, meaning security. It's a job. Employment security is felt when there is strong support for discrimination, injustice or unfair dismissal. To achieve this, eliminating discrimination, job inequality and security is one of the most important demands of women. This article seeks a jurisprudential and legal analysis of security and gender non-discrimination against women in the field of work and employment. Jurisprudential texts and labor rights have denied any discrimination and dichotomy in employment and have condemned the exploitation of women and the creation of discrimination, the difference between men and women, and their humiliation.

The study aims at investigating the body management among women and its effect on their attitude toward fertility. The method used in this study is scrolling. The statistical population is married womens aged 15_49 in fertile age in Jahrom, 400 women were selected as sample by multi_stages sampling. The research instrument is a questionnaire used to determine its validity by formal credibility, and to determine the reliability of the internal co-ordination method using Cronbach's Alpha method.The descriptive results of the research indicate that the mean score of women's attitude to fertility is high. The analytical results show that among the research structure,body management (total), body appearance management and fitness management have an impact on women's attitudes toward fertility.Among the population variables, age, number of children and type of occupation have a significant relationship with women's attitude to fertility. The explanation of the dependent variable in terms of the sum of independent variables indicates that the body appearance management and the number of children are respectively the most powerful predictor of women's attitude to fertility, and they are able to explain the 0/230 of variations changes in the attitude toward fertility. The findings are compared with similar results, and finally, suggestions are presented.

In today's competitive and market-based economy, driven by rapid and accelerating international change, entrepreneurship is referred to as the engine of economic development. Due to the positive effects of entrepreneurship, many developing countries including Iran have chosen entrepreneurship as a key solution to weak economic growth, rising unemployment rates and the inability of the public and private sector to provide suitable jobs for college graduates. The main purpose of this study is to identify the institutional pressures imposed on Iranian women entrepreneurs and their viewpoints on these pressures as well as the context of these responses. The research is fundamental in terms of outcome and exploratory in terms of purpose. The study population consisted of female entrepreneurs honored at provincial and national women's festivals in three provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran and Hormozgan and participants were selected through snowball method. After collecting data through in-depth semi-structured interviews, data analysis was conducted using a three-step coding approach. According to the results, specific pressures on women entrepreneurs in the regulatory dimension include pressure from the authorities, in the normative dimension include pressure from the men of society and pressure from the family and in the diagnostic dimension include the duties of women, self-esteem and self-neglect. They also use the strategy of reconciliation, avoidance, struggle and manipulation in response to the regulatory pressures of reconciliation, avoidance and countering strategies and in response to the diagnostic pressures.

Couples may have a stable marital relationship but have no sense of satisfaction and have to endure such relationship. Unfortunately, such marriages have a lot of harm on couples, especially women. Therefore this study was done aimed to present a paradigm model of women's sustainability in dissatisfied marriages. This study was qualitative and based on grounded theory. Statistical population consisted of all dissatisfied married women in Bandar Abbas with at least 5 years of married life in 2019. 21 women were selected through theoretical sampling method and based on snowball sampling method, and the selection of samples proceeded to theoretical saturation. Data were collected based on semi-structured interviews and Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS). For data analysis, open, axial and selective coding was used. The coding results led to the identification of 14 categories that presented in the paradigm model. The results of the analysis showed that dissatisfied women from marital relationship may maintain their dissatisfied marriage due to the existing dependencies and use different strategies in order to adjustment to the existing conditions. Based on the results, a combination of intrapersonal, interpersonal and social factors can explain women sustainability in dissatisfied marriages. The results of this research can be applied in pathology and empowerment of women and family.

This semi-experimental research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on ineffective marriage beliefs and marital commitment of female facial beauty practitioners. The statistical population included married women applying facial beauty in one of the beauty clinics of Mashhad in the third quarter of 1396. The required statistical sample of this study was voluntarily selected from married clients of two beauty clinics in the fall of 1996. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups (16 patients) and control (n = 16). Cognitive-behavioral group counseling was performed in group and in 10 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group. The instruments used in this study were inadequate marriage beliefs and marital commitment. The findings showed that cognitive-behavioral group counseling had a significant effect on the ineffective beliefs of married women applying for facial cosmetic surgery. Regarding the intractable syndrome, it can be said that cognitive behavioral group counseling, 23.5% of the variance in the ineffective beliefs of women marrying the applicant for beauty practice is explained. Also, cognitive-behavioral group counseling has a significant effect on marital commitment of female applicants for facial cosmetic surgery. Considering the share of ita, it can be said that cognitive-behavioral group counseling explains 34.5% of the variance in marital commitment of female applicants for beauty practice. . Therefore, considering the effectiveness of this intervention method, its implementation is recommended to improve the lives of women.

The aim of this study is modeling the factors affecting gender discrimination in sports management from the viewpoint of the staff Sport and Youth Organizations of yazd. In terms of data collection, this research is descriptive and its type a survey. It is also applicable in terms of the nature and purpose of the program. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the Sport and Youth Organizations of yazd, whose number was 251 people in 1397. Given the limited number of the persons of the community for the modeling in the research, the total number of community members was considered as the sample. The data gathering tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire whose factual validity was confirmed by 8 faculty members of Sport Management and its structure validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha 0.85 method. The results of the research model showed that social, cultural, political and legal, organizational, personality and individual factors are –in descending order- effective in creating gender discrimination in sport organizations. It is suggested that choosing senior managers in sports organizations should be selected on the basis of the ability and performance of the individuals.

The main question of the present article is "Study of the position of women in Farabi democratic society". In other words, in Farabi's view, can women also be considered a place in a democratic society? Political philosophy portrays tasks for women in political life, while Farabi, as the leading philosopher of her time, has established a deep connection between Greek philosophical thought and the teachings of Islam. Also, according to Greek scholars, Farabi considers man to be a civil citizen by nature and deals with the female character with a humanistic and virtuous orientation and almost independent of gender. This research has descriptively and analytically examined Farabi's views on the status of women in a desirable and democratic civil society. Al-Farabi has always used general and all-encompassing terms in his philosophical theories, that is, he does not place gender at the center of the distinction between human beings. In his anthropological view, gender does not interfere with humanity.

purpose :

of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of holographic reprocessing therapy on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and impulsivity of women Attempted suicide in Ilam in 2018.

The present study was a pre-test and post-test semi experimental design with control group. Among all women Attempted suicide in Ilam city who were referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in 2018, 30 were selected by convenience sampling method and were completely randomly divided into ixperimental and control groups. Each group (n = 15) was assigned. The instruments used in this study were Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P), Barrett Impulsivity Scale (BIS), and Holographic Reprocessing Therapy Package (Katz, 2005). Data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis test.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that holographic reprocessing had a significant effect on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and impulsivity in women who attempted suicide )F=1307/30, p<0/000). The results of the univariate covariance test showed that between the two groups post-test in adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies) F=147/441, p<0/000), maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (F=235/707, p<0/000), and impulsivity (F=1170/679, p<0/000), There was a significant difference.

Holographic reprocessing therapy is effective for stressful and traumatic conditions and critical conditions such as suicide attempt

Nowadays social networks have occupied a place for the presence of different social layers, especially women, and the place of exchange of ideas to meet the women’s needs in social life and empower them. Increasing female users’ virtual information and their awareness of the role of information in higher empowerment and greater roles has made them more involved in the virtual world. The present study aimed to investigate the role of virtual social networks in women's empowerment in Baghmalek. The research employs a theoretical, descriptive-analytical research method. The theoretical data were collected using the available books and articles via library techniques. The field data were also collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS.22 software. The results indicate that the model developed by the research data is confirmed, that is, the goodness of fit of the data to the established model and all the indices indicate the desirability of the structural equation model. The results also show the direct and high effect of variable social media networks on women's economic, socio-cultural, and information empowerment. Estimates of the Friedman test illustrate that in economic empowerment, the variable of promoting entrepreneurial spirit; in socio-cultural empowerment, the variable of improvement of ideas; and in information empowerment, the variables of news and events are in the first rank.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive psychotherapy on increasing happiness and psychological well-being of divorced women in Sarabela. The study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The participants of the study were 24 divorced women who were randomly selected from 48 divorced women in Sarabela city whose case was in social welfare unit of Chardawal city. The experimental group received positive psychotherapy interventions for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no training. Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) were used to measure the variables. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups, ie, positive psychotherapy led to increased happiness and psychological well-being of divorced women. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of using positive-psychotherapy to increase the happiness and psychological well-being of divorced women.

Individualism, as one of the concepts of the modern era, has attracted the attention of many scholars due to the many consequences of today's society. The present study is aimed at comparing the status of individualism and its related factors among women and men. Simmel's Individualism Theory is considered as the theoretical framework of the research. The statistical population includes all 30-year-olds above the city of Shiraz, including women and men. Using the Cochran formula, 385 people were assigned a sample size of 5% error rate. The sampling method in this research is a multi-stage class. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The results showed that the individuality level of 61.5% of respondents was moderate. Also, 22.4% had low individualism and 16.1% had high individualism. The results of inferential statistics showed that only two variables with individuality did not have a significant statistical relationship. These two variables are marital status and income. Other variables such as age, religious beliefs, gender, educational level, socioeconomic status and the extent of using mass media with individuality were statistically significant. As a result, assumptions about the status of divorce and income have been rejected and other research hypotheses have been approved. The results show that with a confidence level of 99%, the level of individualism varies between men and women.

One of the phenomena that has become widespread today and has created a high mental conflict for women and youth is modernism. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the causes and consequences of women's tendency to fashion using data theory. The research is qualitative in terms of method of implementation, objective, fundamental and the method used is fundamental data theory. The study population consisted of 30622 female students aged 18-30 years living in Khorramabad. Using theoretical sampling method, in this study, the responses received after interviewing 24 samples were saturated. In the data theory of the foundation, the systematic approach known as the Strauss and Corbin approach has been used in open, axial, and selective coding. To determine the validity and reliability of this study, agreement was reached between the two coders (student and supervisor) and also the results of this study were generalized to people with similar conditions, ie, other young female students. The results showed that competitive behaviors, social factors, affirmation and appreciation of others, group affiliation and influences, enjoyment modality, psychological traits, mental conflict with fashion, deficiencies, situational factors, power display, culture and lifestyle , Idealism, branding, and marketing and social networking factors are influential on modernism, which are categorized into five categories: core, causal, contextual, interventionist, and strategic, as well as the consequences of categorization and ultimately modeling. The causes and consequences of women's tendency to fashion were presented using the data theory of the foundation.

Domestic violence is a reality that is present in all societies and influences many factors.The present study aims to investigate the relationship between spouse abuse in the family and the social factors affecting it.The statistical population of this study is married women in Kermanshah who have at least one year of their marriage.Based on cluster sampling and sample population (200 persons), information was collected by questionnaire along with interviews.According to the findings of the research, there is a direct and significant relationship between male-dominant conception of self-role and violence against women.There is an inverse relationship between the degree of violence against women and the religious level of women and men There is an inverse relationship between the level of education of women and men and domestic violence against them.According to the regression equation, the male dominant conception of the subject and the rate of doing housework by the woman have a positive impact on violence against women.And the male religious variable has a negative and negative impact on women.Also, the beta values show that the dominant maladaptive variable man has the most impact (0.35) on the dependent variable,The next time (the religious level of the man is 17 / 0-), then the rate of doing housework by the woman (0.15).

Attention to the health of women as half of the population, which constitute an important part of the workforce and the important duty of childbearing, is of great importance. Accordingly, women's participation in sports activities is one of the most important ways of providing mental and physical health.The aim of this study was to make a comparative study of women's sports participation in the province and to analyze the role of cultural differences in women's sports participation. The present study is a descriptive-correlational inquiry based on survey method and data collection technique is researcher-made questionnaire.The statistical population of the research is all 15-50 years old women in rural and urban areas of the province based on the census of 1395. The sample size is 600 people. The sampling method is a multi-stage clustering method. For analysis of data, statistical tests such as T-Student and Lambda tests were used. Findings of the research show that in general, women's sport participation rate is low. The quality of sport participation is more informal and irregular sporting activities than in the form of a formal regular program. In the topic of encouraging sports activities, women received this encouragement as the most frequent members of their families, friends, neighbors and relatives. Also based on respondents' statements, the impact of the shortage of infrastructure facilities and difference in distribution of spaces and sports facilities in the province on sport activities statistically in 95% level are significant.