فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، زمستان 1402)

The purpose of the research is to understand the phenomenological experience of women in theatrical consumption.

In terms of method, except qualitative research, in terms of approach, exploratory, in terms of goal, applied, in terms of paradigm, except interpretivism and its analysis method, Claesian phenomenology. The statistical population of the research is Isfahani women aged 25-35 who have experienced dramatic consumption in the field of beauty services. To select the participants, a judgmental purposeful sampling method was used and interviews were conducted with 20 people following the rule of theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is semi-structured in-depth interview. The validity and reliability of the findings were checked using methods such as bracketing, revisiting the participants and checking the research themes with expert academic researchers.

The data collection tool is a semi structured in depth interview, then the findings of this research were identified in twenty six general themes, which are: expectations of the opposite sex, marital concerns, Family pressure, Pretentious atmosphere of kinship, group pressure of friends, influence of the reference group, having a fashionable lifestyle, improving interactions, advertising bombardment in cyber space, theatrical atmosphere in the university, society's orientation towards beauty services, following fashion, job requirement, speeding up personal administrative affairs, better marketing of products, gaining social prestige, showing high economic power, Getting financial benefits, childhood wishes and hopes, magician prescription, perfectionism, domineering personality, low self-esteem treatment, Escape from sarcasm and ridicule of others, High excitement, personality disorders- mental

Little is known about the factors associated with the desire for makeup addiction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a structural model of married women' makeup addiction based on body dysmorphic disorder, sexual self-esteem and body intelligence.

The research method applied in this study was correlational with the type of structural equations. Participants statistical of the present study include 200 clients of beauty centers (18 to 50 years old) at Miandoab city in 2022, that have been selected by convenience sampling. Smith and Et al.'s makeup addiction scale, Rabiei et al.'s body dysmorphic questionnaire, Zeanah and Schwarz's sexual self-esteem scale, and Anderson's body intelligence scale were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, Sobel and Bootstrap test, through statistical software (SPSS version 21) and AMOS.

The direct effect of body intelligence (-0.44), sexual self-esteem (-0.36) and body dysmorphic disorder (0.45) in the estimation of makeup addiction was significant. Also, the indirect effect of body dysmorphic disorder (t-value=3.14) and sexual self-esteem (t-value=-2.81) mediated by body intelligence was significant. and total of 41% of the variance of makeup addiction is explained through model variables.

Considering the role of the body dysmorphic disorder, sexual self-esteem and body intelligence variables in explaining the makeup addiction model, it seems that by strengthening sexual self-esteem and body intelligence and by reducing the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, women's addiction to makeup can be treated.

The interconnectedness between gender inequalities, which constitute a type of external inequality, and social norms engenders a mutually influential cause-and-effect relationship, whereby the inherent features and mechanisms of each factor can either impede or intensify the detrimental consequences of the other. Consequently, subsequent to identifying the mechanisms that govern the reciprocal association between social norms and gender inequalities, this research endeavored to validate them through empirical investigation.

The current investigation employs the comparative-longitudinal approach and utilizes secondary data obtained from 100 developing nations across the globe between 1980 and 2019. The research duration was compartmentalized into two distinct time intervals, namely 1980-1999 and 2000-2019. The multivariate regression method was employed for the purpose of data analysis.

The findings of the study indicate that gender inequality exerts a diminishing impact on individuals' adherence to and application of established social norms, both directly and indirectly through its influence on the incidence of difussive violence. Conversely, social norms exert a diminishing influence on gender inequality. However, they simultaneously endorse and legitimize gender inequality through the "tyranny of merit" ideology and the naturalization of gender-based disparities via particularistic biases.

The findings of this study allow for the assertion that reciprocal interactions exist between social norms and social inequalities, with their manifestation being contingent upon the respective conditions and fundamental attributes of each, as well as their degree of prevalence within a given societal context.

This study aims to know the relationship between resilience and life skills of women heads of households in Isfahan city. The research is quantitative and of the survey method. The data collection tool in this research is 2 questionnaires. The face validity of this research tool has been done after the final edit and approval of the doctoral supervisor using the opinion of respected professors in the sociology department of the university, and also, the content validity has been confirmed by the judgment of experts. Additionally, the reliability of the research tool has been confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha test of 0.78 for the resilience questionnaire and 0.75 for life skills.The statistical population of this study includes women heads of households in Isfahan city the sample size in this research, using SPSS SAMPLE POWER software, is 270 people and the sampling method is quota sampling. The analytics tool for this research was SPSS & AMOS statistical software. The findings in this research show that 37% of the factors of changes in life skills are dependent on resilience variable and its components and the value of the significance level is also reported as 0.0001 in the output of the software and the box of regression weights. Therefore, life skills can be predicted based on resilience in the statistical population. Moreover, considering that resilience is a multi-dimensional concept, the general culture of the society, subcultures, families, schools, higher education institutions, and proper social supports can be effective in people's resilience ability