مجله انوار معرفت
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 18، بهار و تابستان 1399)

‘’The mystical journey to God conduct’’ and ‘’spiritual growth’’ are among the inner needs and existential needs of human beings with sound reason and open-eyed heart and it is in harmony with man’s existential realms and levels and the structure and geometry of his existence and has a real connection with the sides of the system of nature, instinct and innate disposition. The necessity of researching in this field becomes explicit when it is measured by the "originality of innate disposition" and "importance of nature and instinct" so that full attention may be given to man’s talents, merits, temper and temperaments in the right path of mystical journey and the way of spiritual growth. Here, the question of the "role of behavioral pluralism in spiritual growth" arises and the following question will be raised: Is there plurality in spiritual experience and spiritual growth? If the answer is: yes, what kind of plurality - both correct and true and in the text of the path of spiritual way faring – can be explained and defined? The present article focuses on three types of pluralism: insightful, tendency-based and methodical and tries to analyze and demonstrate each of this types of plurality.

The purpose of this study is to examine and criticize the relationship between mystical intuition, and Intuitive knowledge according to Ibn Arabi's works. The question that arises is: Do we have any evidence especially in the works of Ibn Arabi that the types of mystical intuition have intuitive nature? An analytical inductive method has to be used in this discussion, so that all relevant texts – as evidence - can be analyzed and examined. The necessity of this discussion is obvious due to the fact that many researchers think that there is close relationship between intuition and intuitive knowledge. The suggestion of the article is that, considering the weakness of other evidence, the intuitive charater presence of types of mystical intuition can be understood through the reflection into its literal meaning, otherwise, its being acquired is determined according to Ibn Arabi, but this does not apply to every acquired knowledge but the acquired knowledge, which is categorized as conjectural knowledge. The interpretation of intuition as conjecture is consistent with the concept of inspiration and also with the view of former gnostics who preceded Ibn Arabi.

Man’s tendency towards spirituality is becoming very important today. Various and sometimes contradictory views, including the theory of modern spirituality were presented in this regard. According this approach, religious spirituality has lost its effect on modern man and increased his suffering and made him more confused. Therefore, this theory seeks to evolve a new design and a kind of spirituality which suits the needs of modern man and which is in line with the requirements of modernity. Making a comparative-critical study of the approach to religious spirituality and thr approach to modern spirituality the present study tries to show the value and validity of each of these two approaches from the perspective of "rationality of faith". Makin a library-based study and using a descriptive-analytical method, the research findings show that religious spirituality has superiority in this confrontation. Modern spirituality faces a serious challenge as a result of distinguishing faith from knowledge and reasoning, accepting unrealistic kind of faith about the legitimacy and logically defending devotional beliefs and also its own spiritual beliefs against the opposing views. This research also points out to the other major drawbacks of this theory.

There are many verses in Qur'an that call for self-Examination in addition to the verse (And let every soul look to what it has put forth for tomorrow( which is for explicit order for self-examination. The present study is a pioneering research that tries to examine and analyze the general view of the Qur'an on the issue of self-examination. The Qur'anic verses that have a clear implication of self-examination can, according to what is stated in this study, be classified into eleven sections. Although there is a total agreement among Muslims on the principle of the importance of self-examination, Muslim gnostics have devoted more attention than other Muslim sects to the verses of self-examination. Therefore, this study expounds the reflection of each of these eleven groups of noble Qur'anic verses on the mystical works about self-examination. References to at least some of the Qur'anic verses contained in each of these eleven categories can be found in the mystical works about the self-examination, but despite the importance of the issue, not even one of the mystics has ever attempted to collect and analyze all the Qur'anic verses in this regard.

Man’s concern throughout history has been live a happy, pure and agreeable life; an ideal personal and social life, without oppression, injustice, and associared happiness, perfection, and immortality. In Sadra's thought, man can create a pure, eternal, and agreeable life for himself in this world and the hereafter; an individual and social life, with faith, pure, and licit in this world which contributes to living a blissful, eternal, life replete with divine blessings and attaining the position of nearness to God and his good pleasure. According to Mulla Sadra, man has a worldly life, purgatory, and hereafter and real life; a life that, leads to a life superior to the life in this world. At the beginning of its formation, the soul is a completely natural and it originates from the body, and with the passage of time and through the substance movement, it reaches the stages of growth and separates from its original low level. Man can be brought nigh to God, and among his righteous servants, a perfect man and among those who have attained the station of nearness to God and his good pleasure through free will, pure nature, the nature of his God and through faith, righteous deeds and by pursuing the path of servitude to God, escaping from the material world and removing earthly limitations from the heart. This study analyzes the nature and the position of an agreeable life in Sadra's thought using an analytical and theoretical approach.

Osho believes that man can have access to knowledge and, depending on the subject of human identification he has different tools, such as senses, authority, rationality, inner experience and intuition. What can be understood from his words is that material and natural things are revealed to man through senses and intellect, but it is only through experience and intuition that man can discover the truth and realize the meaning of life and lucidity. Considering Osho’s explanation such an approach is only the effect of his severe criticism of reason, logic and philosophy, on one hand, and, his advocacy of relativism and pluralism which is implied by his words, on the other.