نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 149 (مهر و آبان 1399)

Degradation of human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) during some disorders such as aging is associated with severe impairment of ocular optical receptor function. Cellular and tissue transplantation of RPE layer is one of the treatment options that has been considered in recent years. The use of platelet gel has shown beneficial effects on the growth of various cultured cells.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different concentrations of platelet gel on the viability and the expression of PAX6 and RPE65 genes of cultivated RPE cells.

hRPE cells extracted from the human eye were cultured in plates containing platelet gel (PL) of different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%). Cells viability was tested by MTT test and the expression RPE65 and PAX6 genes were analyzed by using real time PCR. The number of expression changes of each gene in different treatments compared to the control and according to the internal GAPDH gene was calculated according to the 2-∆∆Ct method and the results were compared with each other in a bar chart.

After 7 days, cultivated hRPE cells in culture media containing 30% PL showed a high rate of viability in comparison with those cultured in 10% PL (p < 0.05). RPE65 gene expressions in cell cultures treated with 20% and 30% PL were higher than controls (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the expression of PAX6 gene between the cell cultures treated with 20% and 30% platelet gels.

our results showed that using platelet gels in hRPE cell cultures can improve cell viability and identity, which can be promising for optimizing future clinical cell therapy strategies.

Irisin is released from the Fndc5 membrane protein through physical activity and affects on thermogenics metabolism through browning of white fat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of combination aerobic and resistance training on irisin and leptin levels in overweight men.

The present quasi-experimental study was performed with pre- and post-test design. 22 overweight men were selected and randomly divided into training groups (11 people: Age = 31.54 ± 2.62, BMI = 28.33 ± 1.04) and control groups control (11 people: Age = 30.54 ± 1.63, BMI = 28.76 ± 1.05) They participated in a combined training program (Aerobic with an intensity of 65-85% maximum heart rate and resistance with 50% 1RM) for 8 weeks and 4 sessions per week. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and 48 hours after the end of the research project to measure serum iris and leptin levels. Data were analyzed using the t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The results of the present study showed that the levels of irisin did not decrease significantly after 8 weeks of training (P=0.14). Leptin also did not decrease significantly after 8 weeks of training (P>0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient did not show a significant relationship between irisin and leptin (P>0،05).

Based on research results, irisin levels did not decrease significantly after 8 weeks of training (P=0.14). The lack of a significant increase in irisin and a decrease in leptin showed that combined exercise can be useful for weight loss and fitness in overweight people.

PGC-1α and ERRα work together to transcribe genes involved in energy metabolism and play an important role in the expression and control of metabolic genes. The role of exercise in the expression of these two genes in adipose tissue is less known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression of PGC-1α and ERRα genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats.

In the experimental study, 16 male rats were divided into two equal groups of HIIT and control. HIIT group participated in training programs for 8 weeks. The control group did not participate in the training program. The HIIT protocol consisted of 4 stages of running in 4 minutes with intensity of 90 to 100% VO2max and 4 stages of running in 3 minutes in 50 to 60% of VO2max. 24 hours after the last training session, the subcutaneous adipose tissue was removed. The RT-PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Data analysis was performed with independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U at the significance level of P < 0.05.

In the HIIT protocol, a significant increase was observed in the expression of both PGC-1α and ERRα genes in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001).

The results showed that HIIT training is very effective in expressing the genes involved in energy metabolism. Therefore, it is recommended that this training method be given more attention.

Aging or biological senescence is the process of deterioration and loss of living potent over time. Different genes are involved in initiating and continuing the aging process, the most important of which are telomerase activity genes. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of α-tocopherol and PPD on telomerase activity and the induction of proliferative lymphocyte responses in people with aging for the first time.

10 cc heparinized blood was drawn from ten elderly individuals aged 80-100 years and ten young 20-40. Then, PBMCs were separated by using a ficoll solution and it was cultured. Lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated by BRDU assay. Gene expression of telomerase activity in treated cells with α-tocopherol and PPD were performed by Real-time PCR method. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA method.

The results of proliferative lymphocyte responses of the elderly showed a significant increase compared to the young. The results of TERT gene expression showed that treatment with dialphatocopherol increased the expression of telomerase activity which showed a significant difference compared to β-actin gene. Also, BrdU assay indicated a relative increase in lymphocyte proliferation of the elderly compared with young people.

α-tocopherol showed an anti-aging effect by which lymphocyte activity increased in the elderly compared to the young.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic and endurance training on GLP-1 and insulin resistance in obese women with type 2 diabetes.

Thirty diabetic women aged 35-50 years, members of Saveh Diabetes Association, voluntarily participated in the present study and randomly divided into three groups of control (n=10), aerobic exercise (n=10) and resistance training (n=10). 24 hours before the start of the exercise protocol, individual characteristics and blood sampling were measured in the pre-test. Then the aerobic and resistance training groups performed their own training program for eight weeks (3 sessions per week and each session lasted 45-60 minutes). After eight weeks and 24 hours after the last training session individual data and blood samples were measured and analyzed using one-way ANOVA at p < 0.05.

The present study showed no significant difference between the effects of the two training methods on insulin resistance (P=0.922), but there was a significant difference between the effects of the two training methods on GLP-1 values (P=0.001).

Aerobic and resistance training can decrease appetite and weight control in obese women with type 2 diabetes by increasing     GLP-1. Aerobic training also seems to be more effective than resistance training.

Diagnosis of enamel caries and evaluation of proximal caries depth are some of the main problems in caries detection. In this study, a new method based on image processing techniques proposed that applied to radiographic images. The purpose of this method was to automatically identify and segment decayed areas of the teeth.

For this study which was done in Hamedan province of Iran, several molar and pre-molar teeth images with 158 inter-proximal surfaces were selected. Sixty teeth with dentinal caries, 31 enamel restricted caries, 11 DEJ limited caries, and finally 56 surfaces without any caries were detected. The teeth were placed inside the prepared acrylic blocks, and the intra-proximal and occlusal contacts of the teeth were reconstructed. Then digital imaging was performed, and the results considered as the input of the proposed image processing method. In the proposed method, after preprocessing of images, by applying morphological operators, and with the help of the K-means clustering, caries were automatically detected. The final results and information were analyzed by SPSS software.

The sensitivity of the proposed method was 86.7% for dentinal caries, 67.7% for enamel caries, and 63.6% of caries that limited to DEJ. The specificity was 100%, and the overall sensitivity reported as 78.4%. There was no false positive, the false negative and the accuracy of the method were 21.6% and 86% respectively.

The findings of the present study show that the software designed to detect proximal caries has acceptable diagnostic accuracy. In the proposed method, based on observations, the sensitivity of caries detection improves with an increase in depth of decay. Therefore, it qualifies better in detecting dentinal caries than enamel and DEJ caries.