مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1399)

In psychology and in the field of social cognition, avoidant behaviors can be influenced by the extent to which that people feel vulnerable to infectious diseases. The present study aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (P-PVDQ).

This is a cross-sectional-analytic study. 500 students from Tehran University were recruited through convenience sampling from six different faculties and the participants completed Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Disgust Scale-Revised and Health Anxiety Questionnaire (the two latter ones used for convergent validity). The process of translation and back translation was conducted for PVDQ. After data collection, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability coefficients and convergent validity were conducted by SPSS18 and AMOS20.

Exploratory factor analysis showed two factors: “Perceived Infectability” and “Germ Aversion”. Moreover, this two-factor model has good fit indices in Confirmatory factor analysis including 1.68 for CMIN/DF and 0.05 for RMSEA. This questionnaire showed enough convergent validity and had enough cronebach’s alpha (α=0.83) and test-retest reliability coefficients.

Except item 13 which has loaded on the different factor in the Persian version, compared to the original questionnaire, the Persian version of Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire is consistent with the English version and has enough psychometric properties and can be applied in research which needs to evaluate self-reported perceived vulnerability to disease.

Regular physical activity is one of the components of a healthy lifestyle that improves public health, reduces burden of disease and medical costs in societies.  Mashhad high school girl students were recruited

 This quasi-experimental study was performed on 68 high school girl students in Mashhad.  After determining the needs, educational intervention was conducted within the framework of the theory of planned behavior in the respective schools.  Data were collected in three stages before and immediately after three months of educational intervention by Planned Behavioral Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) by SPSS 16 software.  Mann-Whitney, regression and duplicate data analyzes were used in data analysis.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the mean scores of planned behavior theory structures in the experimental group compared to the control group after the educational intervention.  Also, the level of physical activity of the girls increased after the intervention compared to before the intervention.  However, these changes were not significant due to research limitation (p <0. 05)

 the implementation of educational program based on the theory of planned behavior through increasing attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral intention along with creating the necessary infrastructure to create behavior can have a positive impact on promoting adolescent girlschr('39') tendency.  To have physical activity

Cardiovascular diseases are a main reason of disability and death around the world. Evidence suggests that many social and individual-based health-related factors are changeable and modifiable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a theory-based intervention based on the health belief model on health-promoting lifestyle behaviors in individuals susceptible to cardiovascular diseases.

In this quasi-experiment, we recruited 180 individuals having at least two risk factors out of five cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity. Data were gathered in three phases (before, immediately after, and five months after implementing the intervention) using the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire (HPLQ), general health questionnaire (GHQ), and a designed questionnaire to measure the health belief model constructs. The intervention included five training sessions based on the health belief model. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests in the SPSS.

Findings showed that the theory-based educational intervention was effective in improving some domains of lifestyle, including nutrition, physical activity, interpersonal relationships, stress management and health accountability. Also, the mean blood pressure and the mean tobacco use showed a significant decrease in the intervention group after the intervention. Educational intervention also led to improvements in health belief model constructs including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived benefits (P<0.001).

Intervention based on an individual-based health behavior change model resulted in improving some lifestyle dimensions, model’s constructs and clinical outcomes. In order to provide wider and sustained changes, using ecologic models of behavior change including inter-personal, organizational and community-based models are suggested.

Aging period is associated with potential threats such as loneliness and isolation. One of the most common mental disorders in the elderly is cognitive disorders and depression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of smartphones use in depression in the retired elderly people of Yazd city.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 408 elderly people who were covered by the retirement center of Yazd province in 2018. The samples were selected through random sampling method. The questionnaires included demographic characteristics, internet usage, and GDS (Depression Scale). After data collection, analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18 and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square.

74.1% (74 people) of the elderly who used the Internet had  no depression and 38.4% (60 people) of the elderly reported the reason for using the mobile phone is obtaining information and severe depression in this group was less than the other group (8.3% including 5 people). Mean depression score by gender (p = 0.046), marital status, education, income, lifestyle (p≤0.001), and reason for internet use (p = 0.043) were significantly different in the two groups of Smartphone and non-Smartphone users.

Given the results and the positive role of smart phones in reducing depression in the elderly, programs for the elderly need to be designed through social networks. Using the Internet and social networks can help increase the respect and confidence of older people at community level, and isolate and loneliness caused by child marriage, death of a partner, and physical and mental disabilities can be Reduced by using a Smartphone and improved the mental health of the elderly, also through proper policymaking and activation of support systems to improve their well-being, efforts can be made to achieve a favorable period for them.

The World Health Organization encourages hospitals to implement the health promoting hospital plan to improve health service quality. The aim of this study was to self-assessment status of health promotion in hospitals and identify existing strengths and gaps.

This study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey in which 9 educational hospitals were selected through census sampling. Health promotion self-assessment tools were used for the data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics.

In most hospitals, the status were good regarding the health promoting policy in the hospitalchr('39')s mission, the availability of information to other patient organizations, providing information on high-risk diseases, recording patient information and follow-up training to patients and families in outpatient counseling, referral or during discharge. But the status were poor in terms of policies for participating in Health Promoting Hospitals Network, allocating specific funding for these services, revising guidelines for evaluating health promotion needs of patients, training new staff on hospital health promotion policies, implementing staff smoking cessation programs, Staff awareness on the organizationchr('39')s health promotion policy, a written plan to work with partners, and a specific process for exchanging patient information between organizations to continue patient care. Other standards evaluated average in most hospitals.

The average evaluation of most elements of standards indicates the unorganized implementation of some health promotion activities in hospitals. It is essential to organize and reinforce existing on-going activities, regular self-assessment of health promotion activities, and design interventions based on self-assessment results.

Lifestyle is one of the factors influencing health. The lifestyle of pregnant women undergoes many changes during pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of this study was to identify socio-economic determinants affecting the lifestyle of pregnant women.

This was a descriptive-analytic study carried out on 300 pregnant women in Yazd who were selected by random sampling. Data collection tools include demographic information questionnaire and HPLPII profile. Data were entered into SPSS 18. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for analysis. Significant level was <0.05.

The mean score of health promoting behaviors of pregnant women was 154.9 ± 2.2. The highest mean score belonged to the spiritual growth dimension (30 ± 3.6) and the lowest mean belonged to the physical activity dimension (17.8 ± 10.2). According to the results, there was a significant relationship between age, education and employment of pregnant women and education of spouse with health promoting behaviors (P <0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, demographic, social and economic variables have an effect on the lifestyle of pregnant women and attention to it should be considered as a priority in planning related to providing health services and macro-national policies to improve maternal and children health should be considered

Given the importance of ethics in the success and performance of Educational organizations, the purpose of this study was to providing a Model for Promoting Ethics Education in Schools.

The present study was a combination of exploratory sequencing. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section was education specialists of Tehran city that among them 20 individuals using purposeful sampling method and Based on saturation principle were selected. In the quantitative section, 300 individuals of second-year high school students in Tehran city were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling Method using Cochranchr('39')s formula. Data collection tools in the qualitative section were included semi-structured interviews methods, and in the quantitative section, the researcher-made questionnaire was used That formal validity of which was examined through the experimental implementation of the questionnaire, the content validity of that through the judgment of experts and the construct validity of its using factor analysis Examined.  Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient and retesting method. Data analysis in the qualitative part was done by content analysis and in the quantitative part exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and single sample t-test, was performed using SPSS-V22 and Lisrel-V8 / 8 software.

The results showed that Ethics education includes 4 dimensions of educational, social, environmental and doctrinal that components of the educational dimension are (teacher, curriculum, classroom space, school management), components of the social dimension (group values, empathy, social trust, respect for each other), components of the environmental dimension (ethical atmosphere, encouragement and punishment, parentschr('39') literacy and income levels, individual socio-economic base) and components of the beliefs dimension are (adherence to Religious values, religious beliefs, chastity).

The research findings showed that the presented model in this study to promote Ethics education in schools is in a good fit.

The purpose of the present study was to developing the model of psychological well-being in elderly based on life expectancy through mediation of death anxiety

The research method is correlational and structural modeling equation. The statistical population of this study included all the elderly hospitalized in the sanatorium and the elderly at home in Tehran in 2019. The sample included 400 elderly people selected by cluster sampling. In this way, among the elderly care centers and neighborhood house, 10 centers were selected randomly from districts 2, 3 and 5 in Tehran and then 40 elderly people were randomly selected from each center 400 elderly in total and the questionnaires were completed by them and in the presence of the researcher. Research instruments included Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989), Templer Death Anxiety Scale (1970) and Snyder Hope Scale (1991). The research data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and Sobel intermediate test.

The results of the conceptual model test indicated that the fit indices of the research model were in good condition (GFI=0.98). Hope had a direct effect on psychological well-being (p<0.05, β=0.47). The hypothesis regarding the indirect effect of hope on the psychological well-being of the elderly through death anxiety was also confirmed (p<0.05, β=0.13).

The findings of the study indicated that the conceptual model of the research was appropriate. Therefore, in elderly care centers, it is necessary to pay attention to the antecedents of hope and death anxiety in order to increase the level of psychological well-being and Improving the health of the elderly.