فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1397)

In order to investigate the effects of irrigation water method and water on yield, yield components and potato water productivity of Satina cultivar, a field experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications in Damavand city. The treatments consisted of Furrow irrigation (F), Drip irrigation (D), one-row irrigation (T1), Two- row irrigation (T2) and irrigation regimes including 30, 50 and 70% water requirement. Statistical analysis showed that the highest yield was obtained by irrigation (T2) with irrigation with 70% irrigation regime (average 22070 kg.ha) and the lowest yield was obtained by irrigation treatments with one-row and Furrow irrigation treatments with 30% irrigation regime respectively (16200, 16410 kg.ha).The highest productivity was obtained by two-row irrigation (T2) with irrigation regime of 30% (9.8 kg.m3) and the lowest productivity with furrow irrigation with 70% irrigation regime equal 2 kg.m3.The result showed that Two-row strip-irrigation method is recommended with a 70% irrigation regime for potato cultivation.

In order to investigate the application of biochar and superabsorbent on some morphological characteristics of the forage maize plant (Zea mays L) in Varamin region was performed in the field. The experiment was performed as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor is superabsorbent in 100% bile concentrations (S0, S1, respectively), the second factor is biochar coal consumption with a ratio of 0, 5 and 10 tons per hectare (B0, B1 and B2, respectively). The title of the treatment was considered. The water cycle included seven, 10, 13 days and 10 and 13 (D0, D1 and D2, respectively) as the main plot. The superabsorbent factor had a significant effect on the saturation loss percentage traits. Biochar factor had a significant effect on leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight, total chlorophyll, relative water content, saturation loss percentage. The dual effects of irrigation and superabsorbent had a significant effect on leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, saturation loss percentage. Factor of dual effects of irrigation and biochar significant effect on plant height, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, saturation loss percentage Had. The dual effects of superabsorbent and biochar had a significant effect on leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, saturation loss percentage. Factor of triple effects of irrigation, superabsorbent and biochar A significant effect on plant height, fresh leaf weight, leaf dry weight, crack weight and total dry weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, relative water content And had a saturation loss percentage.

Sustainability of production is one of the serious issues that have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Assessing the level of farmers' knowledge about sustainable agriculture is a determining factor in the sustainability of production units.Accordingly, in order to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of sustainable agriculture among paddy farmers, A sample size study was selected by multivariate sampling method of 241 paddy farmers.A panel of experts, including experts from the Agricultural Jihad Organization, was used to determine the validity.In order to evaluate the reliability criterion, was used Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was calculated for the Knowledge Scale (0.79) and for the Attitude Scale (0.76).The results showed that the level of knowledge and insight of sustainable agriculture was good among farmers. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of age, total land area, area under rice cultivation, annual salary of paddy cultivation and annual income with agricultural knowledge at the level of 99%.However, there was no significant relationship between the variables of number of family members, level of education, number of plots of land and average rice yield with sustainable agricultural knowledge.Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the variables of family number and education with sustainable agricultural attitude at 95% level.Also, there was no significant relationship between the variables of age, agricultural activity history, rice cultivation history, and total agricultural land area, area under rice cultivation, number of agricultural lands, paddy salary and annual income with attitude towards sustainable agriculture.

An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Zn spraying and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat under water stress condition, in varamin agricultural research center in 2005-16. a split-factorial layout within randomized complete block design with three replications were used. main plots were three irrigation treatments and sub plots were two, Zn spraying and Nitrogen fertilizer treatments with factorial arrangment. The result showed that, Cutting irrigation at both flowering and grain filling stages significantly reduced biological yield and grain yield, but the severity of this reduction was greater for stopping irrigation at flowering time. The highest grain yield was observed in the optimal irrigation treatment at 6667 kg ha-1. Non-Irrigation at the beginning of flowering and seed filling stages resulted in a yield reduction of 30 and 18.6%, respectively. The average weight loss of TKW due to stress at flowering and grain filling stages were 35.5 and 29.7%, respectively. On the other hand, stress caused an increase in protein content as well as moisture content of gluten, while the amount of zinc in grain decreased significantly. Weight loss of 1000 grains of wheat, followed by loss of starch storage increased the protein to starch ratio. There was no significant difference between nitrogen fertilizer supply from urea and ammonium sulfate except for plant height and peduncle length. Foliar application of zinc reduced stress damage on grain yield and increased zinc content from 36 to 38.2 ppm.

The use of organic fertilizers is very important in sustainable agriculture. Accordingly, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the Camelina sativa (DH1025 line) plant response to chemical and organic (sheep and cattle manure) fertilizers. And their impact on quantitative and qualitative yields. The experiment was carried out based on a complete randomized design with 5 replications in fall 2016 in the village of Zalkah, Mahedasht, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The experiment was carried out in 4 treatments including: control (without fertilizer), full fertilizer (150 kg ha-1), sheep and cow manure (both 50 tons per hectare). In this research, quantitative and qualitative yields and biochemical traits were evaluated. The results of data analysis showed that the use of cow manure had a significant effect on grain yield. There was a significant difference between fertilizer treatments on fatty acids. The cow manure indicated the highest effect palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and arachidic acid which was 1.8%, 8%, 0.81%,6/6% respectively. The cow manure fertilizer showed the lowest effect on stearic  acid( 4.57% lower than the control). Also, cow manure treatment reduced the amount of Erusic acid to 12.93% lower than the control, which is a significant nutritional result.

Bio-fertilizers of bacteria and fungi that are useful are produced each specific purpose, such as nitrogen fixation, release of phosphate ions, potassium and iron insoluble compounds of them. An experiment to study the effects of Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomusmosseae) and Pseudomonas bacteria (Pseudomonasputida) on yield under drought stress, antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers destruction of the corn plant KSC704 varieties in crop year 2013-2014 was conducted in Varamin. The experiment was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications were studied. The main factor of three irrigation levels (1- Normal irrigation. 2. Cut irrigation in the flowering stage. 3- Cut irrigation at grain filling) and Bio-fertilizer mixing sub Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas bacteria to the seeds when planting at four levels (1. non-use of Mycorrhiza and Pseudomonas. 2. The application of Mycorrhizal 60 g.ha-1. 3. Application of 100 g.ha-1 Pseudomonas. 4. Application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas) was considered. The results showed that the interactions between stress and the use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas on all traits was significant at the level of one and five percent. The highest grain yield (7965.3 kg.ha-1), biological yield (20468.3 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (39.1 %) were obtained with simultaneous application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas and normal irrigation and The least of these traits of stress during flowering and non-use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas allocated to that with drought stress during grain filling was no significant difference. It should be noted in irrigation and Application of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas usually the least amount of catalase, D-OH guanosine and malondialdehyde were obtained. The highest amount of leaf prolinein the amount of 0.336 µg.g-1 in irrigation cut off at flowering stage and the application of Mycorrhiza and Pseudomonas was obtained. Simultaneous use of Mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas conditions of drought stress on the growth, the plant could greatly increase your tolerance through increasing adaptability metabolites