نشریه مطالعات تاریخ انتظامی
پیاپی 26 (پاییز 1399)

The mountainous and impassable nature of Lorestan,the impossibility of extensive and effective cultural exchanges in the past centuries and domination of tribal culture over it had caused the continuation of traditional nomadic culture in this region until the end of the Qajar era. Of course, the existence of historical cities of Khorramabad and Boroujerd was the basis of urbanization  along with the predominant nomadic life and their two-way cultural relationship with each other. The coup of 99 and its aftermath events caused Lorestan to obey the central government like other autonomous regions. After the domination of the military, a series of measures were taken to bring about changes in the society of Lorestan, which in some cases had cultural consequences, as a result of which the existing nomadic culture faced a challenge.This research has been done using new sources , researches and documents based on historical research method.The main question of the research is: how and by what measures did the first Pahlavi government implement its desired cultural model in Lorestan by an authoritarianism method based on militarism?  The findings of the present study indicate that the implementation of cultural programs or cultural consequences of the first Pahlavi, which in some cases were in conflict with the prevailing culture in the country, had little effect on the nomadic and urban community of Lorestan in  short term.The tendency of sections of the society, especially the military and the administration, was more towards the appearance and non-content aspects of this culture, but in the field of education, with the creation of new schools, it became  possible for some people to educate.

Contemporary history of Iran, especially during  the Pahlavi period, has been the field of activity of political and military men.Therefore to explain and analyze the developments of this period, it is necessary to know the role and performance of these men.Major General Qarani is one of the most important and challenging figures in the military who served in the army and after the coup of August 28, he obtained high military ranks.In the second half of 1330 SH decade a coup was hatched against Mohammad Reza Shah, in which Major General Qarani was also accused of participating.The study of the life and actions of Qarani in this event is the subject of the present paper.This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library documents and resources and interviews, seeks to answer this question: what was the role and position of Mohammad vali Qarani in the plan of the second anti-Pahlavi coup?The findings show that although Qarani had been in contact with the king's opponents before the coup plot had been discovered and he was complaining the corruption and inefficiency in the political and military elements of the Pahlavi regime, he was not the only leader of opponents and was a victim of killing conspiracy and rivalry of political and military men who tried to get closer to the king, an strategy  which  had dominated in 1330s dramatically.

One of the most important tools for governments' successes throughout human history has been to maintain order and security for the welfare of the people.  This required the existence of powerful rulers.In the Qajar era, following the familiarity of Iranians with the manifestations of modern civilization and imitation and adaptation of the Western administrative organization, a new force called the police and Nazmieh was formed with the help of foreign advisers in Tehran and great states like Fars.The present study, in a historical method using documents, newspapers and library sources ,is looking for an answer to this  question: what were the reasons for the formation of Nazmieh in the ports of Fars and its performance during the Qajar period?The findings of the study indicate that the lack of security, deprivation of peace and comfort of the people in the absence of central power are factors of  the formation of Nazmieh in the ports and By establishing the Nazmieh, law enforcement officers not only did not establish peace, but also they continued their oppressions over people seeking their interests and, in most cases,they were considered as anti-security elements.This was followed by complaints of people to the competent authorities such as_ Fars Province and the National Assembly.

The study of military provisions (logistic) is considered as one of the functional areas of logistics and logistics system and is of great importance. This research aims to investigate the military logistics and strategic management during Achaemenids. The present research method is historical of an applied type in a descriptive-analytical way which is mainly based on field and library study.The scope of this research covers the Achaemenid period under the rule of these kings. The central question of the present study is how was the situation of military procurement and strategic management during the Achaemenid period?  The results show that the method of battle changed during the reign of each king and period.The logistical model was governed during the reign of the most powerful Achaemenid kings like Cyrus, Darius, and Xerxes, based on regional domination, consolidation of power around the periphery, maintaining contact with the center, and establishing and expanding trade such that the Achaemenid armies recruited troops from different regions each had a separate command and a special flag. In the Achaemenid period the ranks of the army were very complex and this indicates the development of military systems at that time.Accordingly,the Achaemenid empire included logistical measures in crises such as war, activities such as equipment supply, warehousing and maintenance, fleet management, transportation of tools and materials, asset management, facility management, security, information and communication management.

Provision of Societal security in human societies by governments is specifically one of the requirements of most of them. The second Pahlavi government ,after the exile of Reza Shah and the beginning of a new era of government, sought to pay special attention to the issue of Societal security. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze Societal security in the second Pahlavi era, which is done in a qualitative method of historical and analytical type and by studying library sources it tries to describe and analyze this question that: according to the social, economic and cultural policies, how was the  Societal security like in the society of that time? The findings of the study indicate that in this period more than in the era of Reza Shah ,following the westernization and obedience to foreign governments especially satisfying the demands of the US and British governments such as the approval of the capitulation bill to grant political and consular immunity to Americans in Iran and land reform, the result was nothing except migration to cities, unemployment, poverty and increased marginalization. Other erroneous functions such as: gross Westernization, unreasonable and un-Islamic freedom among women, anti-religion and destruction of religious and cultural identity, prevalence and use of drugs, lack of independent national security doctrine in accordance with Islamic and social characteristics of the time and inability to meet security needs, including Societal security, the crisis of legitimacy, the feeling of insecurity and political pessimism in the people, were signs of weakness in providing Societal security in the second Pahlavi government.

One consequence of religious places of refuge, which had been common for a long time since the history of Iran until Qajariyeh and it was supported by religious scholars, was to maintain  security for refugees against governmental officers and to reduce ruling system's oppression over people. By expanding political and public places of refuge in this period along with traditional places of refuge, the nature of refuge changed. In addition to murders, villains and criminals , also insurgents seeking forgiveness, opponents to the government and claimants of union and political demands took refugee in refuge places to reach their demands. Most of these events were happening at refuge in centers and facilities dependent on foreign governments within the country which was challenging for the government and affected internal security. By describing non-religious places of refuge during Qajariye and giving examples of refuge in these places, this descriptive _analytical study aimed to examine  the problem induced by this phenomenon for Qajar dynasty and it's efforts to abolish refuge. The research findings showed that expansion of new refuges was considered as a new challenge for Qajar government in implementing internal security and country independence against interference by ambassadors  of foreign powers.