مجله مدیریت فرهنگ سازمانی
پیاپی 58 (زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study is to provide a model of organizational rebellion. This research is a qualitative research that uses grounded theory and a systematic model of Strauss and Corbin. In this regard, in-depth interviews were conducted using theoretical sampling through snowball technique with sociologists and elites, managers who have been exposed to organizational rebels, and rebels themselves. Sampling continued until the responses reached saturation stage (with 12 interviews). Data analysis was performed during three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, and then the desired model was explained based on the grounded theory model. "Individual factors, organizational factors, and environmental factors" as the causal conditions of organizational rebellion, "relative deprivation and injustice" as the main phenomenon of research, "work conscience, organizational distrust, and employee and organization conflict " as confounding factors, and "power imbalance in the organization, hypocritical behaviors, organizational skepticism, weak rule of law, and weak participation in the organization" were identified as contextual factors from the perspective of research participants. The five types of applied strategies include "symbolic protest, the role of norms, covert protest, breaking the legitimacy of the organization, and organizational silence," and the four outcomes involve "reduced productivity, anti-production behavior, covert violence, and organizational citizen misconduct."

This study set to examine the effect of ethicality culture themes on the auditor’s impartiality in the light of the moderating role of transformational leadership of the auditor’s partners. This study was an applied research project that was carried out through a descriptive-correlational method in a time span of 6 months. The sample of the study was comprised of 211 auditors working in the Iranian Auditing Organization and the private auditing companies that were selected through simple random sampling. In order to collect data, first the validity and reliability of a questionnaire was confirmed and then it was used to collect the data. To analyze the data and test the study hypotheses, partial least squares (PLS) regression was used. The results indicated that the ethical culture in auditing firms has a significant, positive effect (4.76) on the auditor’s impartiality. Moreover, it was revealed that as a moderating variable, the transformational leadership of the auditor’s partner strengthens (4.37) the positive effect of ethicality culture on the auditor’s impartial behavior.

This study examines the effect of toxic leadership on the human resource turnover via the mediation of organizational obstruction. The study at hand is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey research project in terms of method and nature. To measure the toxic leadership variable, human resource turnover, and organizational obstruction, questionnaires by Schmidt (2008), Vedadi (2013), and Gibney et al. (2009) were used, respectively. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed using face validity and Cronbach’s alpha (0.74). The statistical population of the study included all governmental organizations of Khorramabad city, out of which 214 office workers were selected as the study sample based on Cochran formula through convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling within AMOS and SPSS software. The analyses showed that toxic leadership has a positive, significant effect on the human resource turnover at 95% confidence interval. In addition, the indirect path analysis revealed the mediating role of organizational obstruction in the effect of toxic leadership on the human resource turnover. Moreover, according to the output of AMOS software, personal characteristics are the most important features for toxic leadership in governmental organizations. Furthermore, the personal factors and misbehavior are the most important features that affect human resource turnover and organizational obstruction in governmental organizations.

The present study explains the non-governmental organization phenomenon and its context in Iran. In this study, the emergent approach of grounded theory methodology was applied, and 20 interviews were conducted with informed people based on the theoretical sampling principle until theoretical saturation was achieved. Then, by coding the resulting data and making continuous comparisons in the coding process, 980 codes, 12 concepts, and one core category emerged. Subsequently, the final model was entitled “asymmetry balance in non-governmental organizations context.” This model illustrates the asymmetric balance in which the NGOs and their associated contexts are more unhealthy than healthy. Besides, the government's attitude towards NGOs is definitely a security one. The results of the research findings emphasize that making changes to improve the healthfulness of this phenomenon and its underlying context is necessary.

The contemporary world faces many environmental, social, and economic challenges, the proper management of which depends on the attention and commitment of industries to sustainability reporting. The present study tried to identify the factors affecting sustainability reporting in the Iranian oil industry using qualitative content analysis method and relying on the institutional theory. Data were collected through taking notes of the relevant texts and semi-structured interviews with 10 social responsibility experts of the Iranian oil industry. Findings showed that coercive and normative factors affect sustainability reporting and mimetic factors do not affect this reporting. In other words, the structures, rules, and regulations of sustainability reporting by government and industry are coercive pressures for sustainability reporting. However, lack of the governmental oversight of reporting and the industry executives’ negligence of it reduce the role of these pressures. Professional and scientific institutions exert normative pressures for sustainable reporting in the industry, but inattention of audit firms to this reporting moderates this pressure. Various reasons cause mimetic pressure not to affect the sustainability reporting in the Iranian oil industry, including its national structure. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to the type of organization in the assessment of mimetic pressures on sustainability reporting in various industries and countries and to develop audit criteria to evaluate the sustainability performance of oil companies and serious monitoring of sustainability reporting by policymakers and regulatory bodies.

One of the important organizational issues is the enhancement and improvement of the quality of urban management services. Cultural intelligence can be considered as one of the factors effective on the urban management that can set the grounds for the improvement of the quality of the services. The study at hand set out to systematically review the variables of the managers' cultural intelligence drivers model for in order to improve the quality of urban management services. To this end, the researchers used meta-synthesis to review this issue precisely and deeply, in which they referred to the valid documents and evidences in the electronic databases such as Google, Magiran, and Science Direct published from 1994 to 2019. Out of the huge number of initial document, 33 appropriate articles were identified. In order to analyze the selected articles, find the constituting concepts, and figure out the effective dimensions and factors, the two methods of content analysis and Delphi were applied using MAXQDA. The findings of the study were summarized into six primary factors, namely cognitive intelligence, attitudinal intelligence, religious intelligence, organizational identity, motivational intelligence, social capital, and behavioral intelligence, along with 19 secondary factors. Based on the findings of the study, it is suggested that since cultural intelligence is the prerequisite of providing quality services to the employees, the motivation to increase service quality will be enhanced when people have specific capabilities and skills and suitable channels of cultural intelligence are used in the appropriate organizational structure.

The success of any organization depends more on its human capital than on the value of its physical resources. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between strategic human resource management and job performance via the mediating role of moral atmosphere. The research method was applied, survey, and cross-sectional. A set of 175 employees of Alborz Distribution Company (including the central headquarters as well as the western and eastern Tehran branches) were selected using cluster sampling according to Cochran's formula. The instrument used was the standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS software. Data analysis showed that strategic human resource management is related to job performance through the mediation  of moral atmosphere. In addition, the strategic management of human resources was found to have a significant relationship with job performance and moral atmosphere. Finally,  a relationship was found between moral atmosphere and job performance. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended that managers provide the necessary context for the institutionalization of professional ethics, and improve employees’ job performance by creating the optimal moral atmosphere. By strengthening human resource management and evaluating employees as human capital, it is possible to help improve job performance and benefit from the ethical atmosphere in the organization. The results of this research can help with planning for empowerment, improvement, and training of human resources and human resource management decision-makers in small and medium enterprises and strategic and macro national planning in order to empower the service companies.

Since this study aimed to rate and rank the dimensions and characteristics of organizational culture, it was a developmental research project, and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose. At the rating section, the ISM pairwise comparison questionnaire was used, and the interpretive structure model with EXCEL2013 software was used for analysis. Moreover, the AHP comparative questionnaire was used in the ranking section with an emphasis on the importance level. The statistical population in both sections was 20 organizational culture experts who were selected through snowball sampling method. The results  obtained from ISM model show that the dynamic targeting, development and promotion of pro-change values, performance management appropriate to change, and management of organizational behaviors appropriate to the behavioral goals of change are the most important factors affecting organizational culture. Moreover, strategic approaches, change-oriented performance management, change-appropriate organization, employees supporting change, transformational leadership, organizational value management, and change knowledge and information management were ranked first to seventh, respectively.