نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1399)

Since born globals are important for the future of business and because the findings of previous studies are scattered, there is a need to develop an integrated conceptual models and comprehensive theoretical frameworks. Also, the necessity of investigating the research on born globals is mentioned in previous works. These problems in born global literature and the need for developing a comprehensive framework is a main driver for conducting this review research. As a result, the aim of this article is to collect and integrate all the empirical studies in the world regarding the success key factors of born global firms in a comprehensive framework. Therefore, this article summarizes the findings of 85 empirical studies (only studies related to early success of born globals) by using systematic review method through identifying research questions, identifying inclusion and exclusion criteria, searching by using related keywords and extracting and synthesizing data and integrates them in a comprehensive conceptual framework. Based on the developed framework, future opportunities for research, theoretical and practical implications and theoretical and contextual gaps are suggested.

Benefiting from a strong trademark is the priority of many organizations and companies. Trademark re-creation is one of the most complicated marketing strategies. This study aims to project trademark re-creation survey factors at the company level for the country’s food industries. The research carried out while applying data nature and data collection by exploiting descriptive- survey research method. The statistical population of the research includes 292 managers and clerical analysts (marketing section) of Tehran’s food industry companies. That amount of statistical sample of research based on Cochran Table. The recommended conceptual model is utilized through structural equation model in order to estimate the model. For validation, questionnaire was employed, hence its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s Alpha and validity was verified on the basis of factor analysis.The research results revealed that organizational preparation for re-creation and organizational support of change via entity creation of trademark, continuous control and market repositioning have a significant and positive impact on trademark re-creation at the company level. Moreover, they displayed that supplying and allocating resources, special value creation by adopting perspective and major procedures and effective advertising strategies, have a significant and positive impact on re-creation at the company level as well. The strict laws and business competitors as interfering elements, they all have a negative and significant impact on selecting the perspective, major procedures and effective advertising strategies.Trademark re-creation is the most important duty of the company. To enhance trademark effectiveness, management system and the entity of trademark creation should be improved.

Today, the emergence of information technology in the field of exports has increased the trade of goods and export services in the global field, and this has been a strong reason for creating quality in the field of manufactured goods in the global competitive market.The quality and speed of the supply of exported goods in a country also increases the country's export ranking in international markets.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of business systems leveraging on supply chain performance by considering the role of moderating process innovation and uncertainty.A stratified random sampling method was used to obtain the sample size, and a standard questionnaire was used to collect the data.Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software have been used to analyze the data.Analytical findings of the research show that organizational factors (including the direction of active technology, information technology connection, internal communication) have a positive effect on the influence of business systems leveraging.It was also found that intra-organizational factors (including the pressure of members of the supply chain and the quality of communication with members) have a positive effect on the influence of business systems leveraging.However, the effect of process innovation and uncertainty was not confirmed as a moderator.Due to the competitiveness and the prevailing conditions in the country in the field of exports, it is necessary to create a suitable platform for innovation in processes, so that using automated processes increases speed and accuracy and reduces costs in the field of exports.

Nowadays, it has become difficult to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty due to expanding of globalization process, increase competition, entry of different domestic and foreign firms, diversified products and technology advancement. Therefore, utilizing marketing capabilities and strategies to survive in the competitive markets seems necessary as these two factors can provide a good basis for improving the business performance of the firm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of marketing capabilities and strategies on the business performance of export firms in the chocolate industry in Tabriz. The population includes all managers and senior staff of Tabriz chocolate exporting firms. The sample size was 215 using Cochran formula and were selected based on non-random purposive sampling method. Standard questionnaire was used to measure variables. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed based on construct validity, diagnostic and convergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research model was tested according to the structural equation method and LISREL software. The results showed that marketing architecture capabilities, marketing specialized capabilities, and marketing cross-functional capabilities had a significant positive effect on the internal and external effectiveness of implementing export marketing strategies. Also, significant positive effect of internal effectiveness on the external effectiveness of implementation of export marketing strategies was confirmed. Finally, significant positive impact of external effectiveness of implementing export marketing strategies on business performance including customer performance, market performance and financial performance was confirmed.

Internationalization of technology-based-firms is crucial for their growth, innovation and sustainability. Confronting the different constraints that influence the internationalization path of SMEs, increases the importance of knowledge acquisition and continuous learning. This paper aims to recognize the knowledge configuration for the internationalization of technology-based-firms with focus to advanced medical equipment industry in Iran. For this purpose following a qualitative approach, interviews were held with top managers of eight exporting technology-based-firms in the late 2019. The results of content analysis demonstrate that technological knowledge and market knowledge have been acquired mostly through direct experience and vicarious learning; but internationalization knowledge has not been accumulated as the third important knowledge area among studied firms to be able to play the integrator role of technological and market knowledge in alignment with corporate strategies. However, results show some experienced exporter companies have acquired very primitive knowledge in this area ad become aware of their need to enhance their knowledge. Consultants, local and global networks of cooperation and the presence of internationally-experienced managers are of some initiatives empowering the knowledge configuration of these firms for internationalization.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of country of origin, nationalism, and perceived risk on the price that Iranian consumers tend to pay for products of different origin. And we estimate the willingness to pay different countries (countries with a positive image of country of origin such as Germany and countries with a negative image of country of origin such as China) in different commodity categories, including refrigerators, sneakers and car tires. The effect of nationalism and perceived risk has been measured as the mediating variable. present study is a descriptive-survey research method, and in terms of purpose, is a developmental-applied research. Also, this research was done using questionnaire. It was distributed to staff and visitors to the National Library. Data collected from 179 questionnaires were analyzed. The results of data analysis and hypothesis testing showed that the country of origin of goods has an impact on the price potential of the products and Iranian consumers tend to pay 20 to 40 percent more money for German-made goods than Iranian-made goods. And Up to 40 percent less money for Chinese-made goods than Iranian-made goods.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of service quality variables and perceived fair price on customer satisfaction directly and indirectly through the company image. Based on theoretical and empirical background, the conceptual model of the research is formulated in four hypotheses. The statistical population is the users of the Irancell Company in Iran and Turkcell in Turkey, the sample was selected among them by simple random method. The sample size is 315 for Irancell Company and 295 for Turkcell Company. The data gathering tool was an electronic questionnaire and its content validity was confirmed by CVI and CVR methods. Also, its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the quality of perceived service has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction either directly or indirectly and through the image of the company. The results also showed that fair price perception directly and positively affects customer satisfaction, but its indirect effect was not confirmed by the mediating role of the company's image. Finally, using T-test two independent samples, the average customer satisfaction was compared with Irancell's operators in Iran and Turkcell in Turkey. The results show that there is no significant difference in customer satisfaction with the services of these companies.