نشریه مطالعات علوم محیط زیست
سال پنجم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

This study aims to calculate the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) and probable maximum flood (PMF)parameters. For this purpose, data length adequacy of historical precipitation data and data forecasted were analysed using the Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator under Representative concentration pathway 8.5 and 4.5 scenarios in 2021-2040. Modified method and the method provided by soil conservation service-curve number were used to estimate (PMP) and (PMF)parameters, respectively. To investigate data adequacy, the Hurst coefficient was examined for Shiraz, Abadeh and Lar according to the length of statistical periods. Shiraz, Abadeh and Lar have the desired data with the coefficients of Hurst 0.61, 0.57 and 0.52, respectively. The results indicate increased precipitation under both Representative concentration pathway 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios in 2021-2040 for all three climate zones compared to historical data. (PMP) parameter has experienced an increasing trend in Abadeh and Lar and a decreasing trend in Shiraz due to a decrease in the value of 24hour (PMP) parameter under both scenarios compared to historical data. Given the (PMP) parameters for Shiraz region, the (PMF)parameter has experienced a downward trend under both scenarios and an upward trend for Lar and Abadeh compared to historical data.

Olive tree were planted in Esfahan some industrial zones and highways as green space. Therefore fruit pollution by heavy metals will be accured. Soil, water, leaves and fruit were sampled. Sites were study located in Bama Pb and Zn mine, CaCO3 mine, Fuladshahr city, Esfahan petroleum refinery, and some of Esfahan highway green space. Arsenic content of fruit and leaves did'nt measured by ATM (not in detect limitation). Only Cd abserved in some fruit samples. In Kashan fruit samples did'nt measured any heavy metals.). In all studies, attention to cadmium should be given special attention. The latter can indicate less pollution of water, soil and plant resources in areas with much less traffic, industry and population. In general, it can be concluded that in order to create green space in industrial areas, roadsides and urban thoroughfares, the planting of olive trees and other fruit trees that are edible should be avoided.

In this study, the proposed algorithm for calculating the flood potential computes the curve number (CN) which is one of the most effective parameters in the proposed approach by the US Soil Conservation Service (SCS) by combining the information related to the hydrological groups of the soil and the type of land use. The potential for runoff in the study area is then estimated by considering the CN parameter, the maximum soil surface retention value and the maximum probable amount of precipitation over a 24-hour period. CN map were prepared with curve numbers from 67 to 87 (mean 77.67) in six classes and runoff height from 55.47 to 103.44 (mean 80.36 for whole range) in six classes. The results show the high potential of flooding in the study area, so that the upstream has higher runoff potential than the downstream of the region. So to reduce the risk of floods and minimize the damages caused by them, flood management solutions are recommended in this area.

The stability of any system depends on the survival and stability of its constituents. Environmental protection as a development platform, which guarantee the stability. Evaluation of ecological capability is one of the essential requirements in planning and management of land and the main prerequisite for achieving sustainable development is the environmental capability for development based on different types of land uses and activities. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological sustainability of animal habitats in the catchment area of Babylon is using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and evaluation of ecological served in GIS environment and utilizing the NrmAfzar Expert Choice. Whereas, in the AHP process, the study area is classified into four classes (classes). In this section we found that the floor of this basin is too weak for animal habitat. In this section it was found that there is no very poor floor for the habitat of the basin. Overall, the results of the present study showed that the Makhdoom Ecological Power Model is the decision support and the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP) method, considering the environmental conditions, is a suitable model for assessing the ecological potential of animal habitats in Babol Rood Watershed.

Nowadays,proper disposal of solid municipal waste is considered as one of the major environmental challenges inIran.Throw garbage near roads, agricultural land; it causes aesthetic degradation, agricultural pollution, surface and underground waters. This research uses the environmental, criteria to measure the potential of landfill sites in finding the location of disposal. The study area is Shahindej with adecomposable waste production of35tons per day.that peyear requires1.5hectares and occupies an area of25 hectares over a15year period. To find susceptible areasto landfill, recent research has combined the Fuzzy-ANP method byusing ArcGIS and SupperDecision software. In terms of standards such as environmental, geological conditions, and apply the limitations ofthe region suchas natural protected areas, water resources and agriculture to search for the best area. From the research results, two priorities were obtained: The first priority was only onesite with over25hectares square and a second priority was infour different ranges.By validating locations located with selected criteria, three locations were compatible with those criteria. Finally, with the reclassification and, the location on the eastern side of Mahmoudabad was better than the other two. The combination of fuzzylogic andANPmodel was the main innovation in this research, which resulted in a model with high flexibility and a near-realistic approach.

The worries and concerns of today's human societies have caused serious damage to the human spirit, so man returns to the natural environment to escape from this space. Therefore, ecotourism is one of the growing industries in the world. There are many criteria and definitions for identifying the potential of the environment Which has sometimes caused it to be unmeasured. Since the beauty of the landscape is the main element that is faced in the natural environment in relation to tourism and recreation and not only benefits the viewer but also has an important contribution to the overall desirability of an area. Therefore, in order to understand the aesthetic values of the landscape, one must go beyond the process of identifying the physical and biological signs in the landscape.Therefore, in this study, using 19 tourism index points in Haraz basin, 19 criteria with different topics were evaluated. In this study, environments were first classified by clustering method. Then, effective criteria were extracted by principal components method. Finally, by modeling the linear regression, the criteria were imaged in a step-by-step manner with four criteria (vegetation, texture, unique effects and effect quality) and the visual image value was estimated with 80% accuracy.

Quality of life is a concept used to indicate one's satisfaction with life and, in other words, a criterion for determining the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of individuals and groups with different dimensions of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and measure the economic, social and environmental indicators of quality of life in rural areas of Masjed Soleiman. This is a descriptive-analytical study, In terms of purpose, it is practical and in terms of data collection, field. The statistical population of the study is Masjed Soleiman villages and 400 people were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Statistical methods (descriptive and inferential) and IBM SPSS Statistics v22 and EXCEL 2013 softwares were used for data analysis. The inferential results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between all dimensions of quality of life of rural households. The highest correlation was between economic and social dimensions and the lowest correlation between economic and environmental dimensions of quality of life.

Mining and related activities has a several impact on the environment. Heavy elements enter the environment through mining, ore processing and tailings dams.plants adsorb heavy metals through the soil, and heavy metals entered the foodchain. Nakhlak lead mine is 2000 years old and is located in the east of Nain city. In this study, the amount of heavy metals in the soil around Nakhlak lead mine has been investigated. Accumulation of heavy metals in native plants of the region as well as their bioavailability has been determined. For this purpose, 10 stations were selected for sampling the soil of the mineral zone and 10 stations for the soil of the tailings dam and by using atomic absorption, the amount of heavy metals in them was investigated. Plants were sampled from the most polluted areas. Bioavailability was simulated using EDTA solution. Among the plants of Claire, oleander and sagebrush, the highest accumulation was seen in Claire. Cadmium was more bioavailable than all heavy metals.

Green architecture is a process to increase the building quality, which reduces the negative effects on human health, the environment, and energy resources consumption. So, it is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainability in architecture. The purpose of this study is re-reading green architecture principles and criteria in ancient desert buildings. The research method, based on the analysis of the content of the subject literature, explains the concept of green building and the principles and criteria of green architecture, and then with exploratory analysis, examples of principles and criteria of green architecture are recognized in three dimensions of function, ecology, and sustainability in Rasolian house of Yazd, as a case study. The data collection tool is library studies, written sources, documents, maps, and the field studies section uses the survey method, analytical observation, and information recording. The method of data analysis is content analysis. The results of the study show that the Rasolian house of Yazd, as one of the ancient desert buildings in terms of functional, ecological and sustainability dimensions, is completely in line with the green architecture principles and criteria.

Today's world, with the expansion of population, the growth of urban communities, the increase in consumption and subsequently with them, witnesses an increase in waste and, consequently, many environmental problems. this is considered a serious threat to public health and the environment. Accordingly, the present study sought to identify the role of waste in the spread of infectious diseases using fuzzy Delphi technique. The results of the present study indicate that according to the opinions of experts and experts in this study, among the indicators considered after the approval of experts, based on the definite average, the highest level of expertise and the components of disease transmission through incineration Waste, disease transmission during the collection, transportation, transportation and non-hazardous stages of waste and disease transmission through waste disposal and the lowest level of agreement with the component of disease transmission through discharge of untreated wastewater in rivers. Therefore, in order to minimize the negative effects of waste on the environment and human health, waste that is the source of all kinds of pollution should be managed as soon as possible based on the principles of health and environmental improvement.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of land use change on the composition and surface cover of rangelands and drylands that have been abandoned for thirty years in three areas of Kilk, Salavatabad, Saraboqamish, Sanandaj. In each of the uses of rangeland and dryland, 3 transects 100-meter were established and 10 plots of one square meter were selected on each transect, which a total of 90 plots in rangeland and 90 plots in dryland were harvested. Statistical analysis and comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the canopy cover and bare soil in the rangeland increased by 8% and 9%, respectively, compared to the dryland. There was no significant difference between the results of plant production between the two uses. Comparison of species composition showed that in abandoned dryland, annuals and class III plants increased by 20 and 13%, respectively, in rangeland of class I and II plants increased by 15 and 4%, respectively, and in dryland shrubs and perennials decreased by 7% and 26%, respectively. The result is that the secondary sequence in the 30-year-old abandoned lands, although it has changed the characteristics of vegetation, is still far from rangeland cover

In recent years, the incidence of many cases of algal blooms have been reported in the southeastern coasts of Iran, which led to the loss of mass mortality of marine fish in this area. The aim of this study was to use regression trees to investigate the effects of physicochemical parameters and nutrient concentration on algal blooms. During the one-year study period, sampling was done in 6 stations along 2 transects in the coastal waters of Pasabandar and Beris. The trend of changes in pH, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate concentration, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate with the community of dominant phytoplankton genera was recorded. Overall, 40 phytoplankton genera were identified and more than 95% of the total number of observed cells belonged to 14 genera of phytoplankton. Results showed that increase in the pH, temperature, salinity, phosphate, nitrate and silicate were the effective parameters to bloom of Gonyaulax, Leptocylindrus, Mesodinium, Chaetocerus, Prorocentrum, Rhizosolenia and Nitzschia, respectively.

The purpose of this study is to adapt the conditions of Chabahar port and prioritize the important factors that have been proposed by the Eco-Port site for European ports in the last 4 years in order to bring the port toward a green port. This research has moved towards the sustainable development of ports as one of the most important polluting areas in the country. In this study, first, the factors were confirmed with the comments of six environmental experts from the Chabahar port by using the Delphi elite technique in the form of phasing and then ranked the factors by explaining the AHP-adjusted questionnaire. Prioritization of identified factors indicates the predominance of prominent environmental problems in the port under investigation. The study was conducted in two phases, during operation and during development, which in addition to highlighting the current environmental problems, has created plans for the emergence of new phases under construction at the port.

Trees can cover a wide range of environmental, aesthetic, historical, tourism benefits and social, physiological, as well as economic benefits, however, the trees can cause environmental risks. The aim of current study was to reduce the insignificant variables by methods of index criteria of tree and analysis of the main components and then using the remaining variables in the process of modeling the risk possibility falling of elm tree by Neural Network Method. For this purpose, the quantitative and qualitative variables of elm trees were collected in Seyed Alikhan Street of Isfahan by counting 100% of these trees in 2018. The results of elimination of tree diameter and contact with power transmission lines in predictive models of risk of falling dangerous trees indicated that the variables that were eliminated during the study process did not have a significant effect on predicting the risk of falling dangerous trees. This creates a significant change in the accuracy of the model training data and decrease the number of repetitions of network training to reach the optimal network and reduces the time to reach the optimal neural network. Therefore, we recommended the use of tree fall modeling for management of urban green spaces.

Nowadays, recognizing the desirable habitats of wildlife species, especially endangered and vulnerable species, is one of the important approaches in wildlife management and protection. Black Francolin is one of the least populated subspecies of Francolinus francolinus is endangered in Sistan and in order to preserve its genetic resources, in this study, the desirability of Black Francolin habitat was investigated using the Maximum Entropy Analysis (MaxEnt) model. Thus, in the spring of 2018, 65 species presence points in different areas of Sistan plain were identified through field monitoring and random linear transect method and recorded by the Global Positioning System. To validate the model, the area below the ROC receiver operating characteristic curve and the Jacknife analysis test were used. The results of this study showed that in Sistan plain, the optimal habitat of Black Francolin, areas with a topography of slope less than 5% and altitude less than 500 meters above sea level and dry arid climate are cold. According to Maxent, in the Sistan plain, the coverings of Hamada-Rhazya, Phragmites australis, Tamarix sp, and aquaculture and garden are the favorite. The area of desirable areas in the amount of 31188 hectares (1.85%) was calculated.

One of the practical methods with the aim of sustainable development is to make boiler rooms smarter. In this study, for the first time, the boiler room of a residential building with an area of 2250 meters located in Tehran was smartened according to the predicted priorities in how to consume energy in the study area based on two indicators of residents' consumption habits and ambient temperature. According to the obtained results, if this plan is implemented, 34972.8 cubic meters of natural gas consumption of the boiler room will be saved annually, and subsequently 93.96 kg of carbon monoxide and 670.9 kg of carbon dioxide will be prevented from being released into the air. Also, the economic savings of the project from the total reduced costs in natural gas consumption, taking into account 22 cents per cubic meter of the country's natural gas export and the cost of preventing the emission of carbon dioxide, which according to the Kyoto agreement is 6 / 3 cents per kilogram is considered. According to the calculations, if the annual plan is implemented, $ 868.95 will be saved in the considered costs.

The HVO production unit is one of the refineries' pollutant units, which often has a CO, THC, NOx, SOx and CO emissions higher than the standard limits. By investigating the operational parameters and determining their effect on pollutants, the viscosity of the feed was determined as one of the important parameters and evaluation measure. The emitted amount of CO pollutant was measured in several feeds with different viscosity characteristics, by decreasing the pollutants temperature, changing combustion chamber temperature(energy consumption)and adjusting other process and production conditions in two product categories: HHVO, LHVO. The amount of CO pollutant emission from LHVO production process is far less than the HHVO production and this amount is reduced by increasing the viscosity of the feed and reducing the outlet pollutant temperature of the reactor. For example the amount of CO emission in same operational condition is 1280 mg/nm3 for LHVO process but for HHVO process is 1740 mg/nm3 and the amount of this pollutant is 1619 mg/nm3 for HHVO process in normal emission process but decrees of pollutants temperature has resulted in decrease of emission to 690 mg/nm3. Finally, the results was analyzed and reported in accordance with the specified parameters.

To study effect of soil cadmium on nutrient concentrations of medicinal plants Effect of soil cadmium on nutrient concentrations of medicinal plant Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (Funneliformis mosseae), greenhouse experiment was conducted in factorial design with three replications(CRD). Treatments included Arbuscular Mycorrhiza levels (Inoculated and non-inoculated) and cadmium with six levels (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.kg-1).The measured data showed that the effects of treatments were significant on nutrient concentration. With increasing levels of cadmium in soil, decreased, percentage of root colonization, wet weight, dry weight, iron and zinc nutrient concentrations in the root and shoot of the plant. But in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi increased, percentage of root colonization, wet weight, dry weight, iron and zinc nutrient concentrations in the root and shoot of the plant. Also mycorrhizal fungi increased cadmium concentration in root than control treatment. In fact, mycorrhizal fungus increased the concentration of cadmium in the root and prevented the transfer of cadmium to the shoot.

In order to track oil spill, GNOME model is used which can analyze wind and current data affecting this phenomenon as well as oil type and amount of leaked oil within 72 hours. For this purpose, a three-day simulation of oil leakage and its distribution was carried out in different volumes for five oil operating areas in Siri oil region. Simulation was executed separately in four different seasons. After the modeling process, different makeup distribution and spread of oil spils in the desired situations and its effect on the coast of the region were examined. Based on the results, in the three seasons of summer, autumn and winter, wind is the main factor in determining the fate of oil spill. The results also show that in spring and autumn, the cycles are strong and affect the oil spill, especially in the spring, when the wind is weaker. It can also be said that the oil fields of Esfand, Nusrat, Sivand and Dena can seriously affect the coasts of the Siri island, Greater Faror and Little Faror, and these coasts are exposed to oil pollution.

Accelerating the process of industrialization has increased energy consumption as the most essential factor of development in societies. Powerplants have a main role in this development. In powerplants, the first step can be prepare fuel.Air pollution from powerplants mainly includes the release of carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides. In this paper, the amount of emissions mentioned in the periods of using gas and mazut fuel during ten years has been studied.CO concentration in both cases was lower than the standard of the Environmental Protection Agency of Iran, NOx concentration in both sections is higher than standard level The concentration of SOx during the use of mazut fuel was significantly different from the use of gas fuel and at the time of use of mazut fuel is 65% higher than the standard of the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran. The high consumption of fossil fuels to supply electricity has caused air water and soil pollution, global warming, acid rain and carcinogens. Although the use of gas to generate electricity significantly reduces waste-related problems in the electricity industry and power plants, the use of renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuels could bring a brighter future to a cleaner environment.

Waste pollution and contamination from municipal waste disposal in traditional ways is a great danger to human health and the environment. The average waste production in the Sirjan city is over 150 tons per year, which to date has used the traditional methods of dumping and burying waste in the desert for disposal. Thus, in this study, according to the results obtained from waste separation and high volume of organic waste, waste management was evaluated by aerobic compost method. Five treatments with different compositions were considered for compost production and the physical and chemical properties of the produced composts were tested and evaluated according to different standards. According to the results of research on waste composting, municipal solid waste management using the compost method significantly reduces the need for landfilling and also leads to economic savings and financial profitability. Therefore, in order to increase economic efficiency, reduce landfill volume and proper waste management, and compost method is recommended as the leading methods in urban waste management of Sirjan city.

Urban transport cause environmental pollution.6th region is one of the busiest area in Tehran.in these research, soil contamination of these region were investigated. Soil sampling was performed of 18 points, which located near pollution sources. Heavy metal measured by ICP instrument. Arsenic, lead, chromium and cadmium were investigated, among them lead and chromium have the highest accumulation in the soil. Cadmium has a lowest concentration in 6th region soils. In this area heavy metal concentration is Cr>Pb>As>Cd. Rosemary is a plant that is found in many passages in the area. Heavy metals enter the food chain through the soil. Heavy metal transfer from soil to upper parts of rosemary has been studied. Rosemary has been used to study the transfer of heavy elements from soil to plants. Studies shown that heavy metals accumulate in rosemary leaves less than rosemary stem and the elements are absorbed through the soil.for removal soil contaminant Phytoremediation is a good choice. Rosmary plant is suitable for asorb soil pollutant.

There are several techniques for removing contaminants from water and wastewater. Meanwhile, surface adsorption is one of the simplest, most effective and most economical methods for water and wastewater treatment. This article reviews recent research on the removal of various contaminants with a variety of adsorbents from water and wastewater. In this study, a large number of adsorbents such as natural adsorbents, agricultural waste, industrial by-products, biomass, various types of nanosorbents including carbon-based nanomaterials, new metal-based nanomaterials, metal oxide-based nanosorbents, nanomaterials With spinel ferrite base, nanocomposites, geopolymer cement and dendritic polymers to remove various contaminants from water and wastewater have been discussed. This article also tries to point out the advantages and disadvantages of each adsorbent and the future research needs in the field of water and wastewater treatment by adsorbents.this research showed that there are various aspects related to adsorbents which require detailed investigation.attempts are needed to optimize the process parameters.

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of drought on vegetation cover. An available climatic data series (2001-2017) was analyzed to detect wet and dry years by SPI. Also, a long data series of MODIS data was analyzed by remote sensing data, and the NDVI maps have been produced. Results of the present study show that there is a direct, significant correlation (R2 = 0.364) between SPI and the NDVI. In addition, during the study period, the years 2008 and 2016 were selected as dry and wet years, respectively, based on SPI values. The values of the NDVI in the wet year (2016) were significantly higher than the values in the dry year (2008) at a 99% confidence level. The results further show that elevation classes in dry conditions do not play an important role on the value of the NDVI; however, in wet years the results were different, and by increasing the range of elevation, the value of the NDVI is also increased. Generally, the results of the present study show that MODIS data in a mountainous area can be a key tool for detecting the effects of intensive droughts on natural vegetation cover.

The aim of this research was to the feasibility of reuse of Bushehr wastewater treatment plant sewage in Conocarpus lancifolius irrigation. To evaluate the microbial and plant growth characteristics, two treatments including irrigation with wastewater and irrigation with drinking water were used. 120 C. lancifolius samples, 90 samples with wastewater and 30 samples with drinking water, were irrigated for 6 months by sprinkler irrigation. Growth indices (stem length and diameter) and leaf microbial quality were measured at the end of each irrigation month. pH was measured using pH meter, electrical conductivity was measured using EC meter. Calcium and magnesium were determined using titrimetric tests. The concentrations of iron and manganese were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometer and the concentrations of phosphorus phosphate, nitrogen nitrite and nitrogen nitrate were determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometer, total coliform and fecal coliform using MPN standard method. The results showed that due to irrigation with urban wastewater, growth indices of C. lancifolius are significantly higher than irrigation with drinking water (P <0.05). The microbial contamination of the wastewater used was less than the standard of the Environmental Protection Agency of Iran for reuse in irrigation of urban green spaces.

Environmental indicators are considered by researchers as one of the sustainability criteria in various production and service activities. Sangak and Lavash bread have a high production and consumption rate in Iran. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the environmental indicators of producing one ton of Sangak and Lavash breads in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Kermanshah. Using questionnaire method, the data related to inputs and outputs of Sangak and Lavash bread production were collected and recorded. Eleven environmental indicators were determined using SimaPro Software. The results showed that due to the higher consumption of inputs in Sangak bread than those of Lavash bread, the values of environmental indicators in Sangak bread were higher. Most environmental loads were from wheat flour as main input. The analysis of the results also showed that in the production of one ton of bread, the effects of marine water ecotoxicity, depletion of inorganic sources (fossil fuels), global warming, fresh water ecotoxicity and acidification potential compared to other indicators had more environmental effects.

Safety and health in mines is the use of appropriate methods that minimize the link between human resources and risk centers. In order to control the hazards and reduce the incidents in the mines, it is necessary to eliminate and control the risk at the origin, reduce and minimize them and finally equip the miners with appropriate personal protective equipment. In this study, the applications of visual management and, visual safety in mines with a special focus on turquoise mine of Neyshabur have been describe, and implementing these principles recommended. The aim of this paper is to indicate the necessity and possibility of implementing a new management style in the mining industry. The obligation to comply with health, safety and environmental regulations (HSE) in mines, especially in underground mines, has a direct relationship with the reducing of individual, social and environmental damages and, consequently, optimum production. According to the contents of this study, it can be concluded that the work environment and visual safety in mines should be in a way that searching for information, mismatches, prevention of errors and etc should be transmitted very quickly to the others, thereby reducing the work environment risk considerably.

Relationships between rainfall and altitude can have significant consequences for rainfall, hydrology and environmental management studies. Designing a rainfall model for areas lacking sufficient stations, especially mountains, can play a significant role in environmental planning. The objective of this paper is to investigate the spatial variations of the Mediterranean rainfall system based on the altitude variable in western Iran using GWR and OLS. In this study, at first, the most suitable two-day Mediterranean rainfall pattern were selected for study. The spatial relationships between rainfall and altitude variables were modeled using Geographical Weighed regression techniques and classical regression. Comparison of these two methods showed that the AIC values of the GWR model is less than the OLS model, which indicates a lower error and better fit of the GWR model than the OLS model. The results of spatial modeling in the form of scatter plot and interpolation maps showed that the WGR method is well modeled with a suitable fit of spatial relationships of rainfall with altitude. In general, the GWR model estimates precipitation increases with altitude toward the central and eastern parts of the regions, along the Zagros high mountain range and its internal slopes

Satellite images classification techniques obtain large information in forest areas. Among various techniques, k Nearest Neighbors (kNN) as a non-parametric and MLC (Maximum Likelihood Classification) as a parametric technique have popularity in predict forest attributes by integrating the inventory field data and satellite images. In this study, comparisons between k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) non-parametric method and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) parametric method was performed in forest attributes consists of volume, basal area, density, and tree cover type estimation in the north forest of Iran. Results showed that kNN non-parametric method produces an accurate classification map in comparison to the MLC parametric method and the accuracy of kNN has the most amount in all attributes. Kappa coefficient estimation showed that the kNN method had the most amount of this coefficient in all attributes. Accordingly, the kNN non-parametric technique was identified as a feasible classification technique to produce forest attributes thematic maps.

Motivated by its 10th anniversary in 2019, this study aimed to provides a bibliometric analysis of RAQ, focusing on (1) the publication trends of the journal articles during 2009-2019; (2) the dynamics and trends of the research literature production, and (3) the more prolific authors, institutions and countries. The number of published papers, country and institute productivity, Lotka equation, and the Bradford model were used to assess the productivity status of the journal/contributors. According to the results, authors from 44 countries and 197 institutes contributed to papers published in the journal. Australia-, Mexico-, and USA-based authors had highest rates of contribution and the Wageningen University & Research, Auckland University of Technology, and Ghent University ranked the first three most productive universities. The average number of citations received by papers published in RAQ was 34.88± 62.94. The papers published during 2009-2019 covered studies on 15 aquatic animal groups but no papers have been published on cods, eels, haddock, hake, halibut, and sea bass. The papers were mostly devoted to shrimps followed by salmon.