Agricultural Marketing and Commercialization Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Summer and Autumn 2020

In order to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal pistachios, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse based on a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications and two factors. There were four factors, namely pistach levels of Ohadi (Fandoghi) and Kalleghouchi cultivars and culture medium factor at three levels (fungi sterile soil, fungi-free sterile soil, and fungi pistachio seeds were planted in pots containing fungal inoculum. Studied traits were concentrations of iron, zinc, manganese, and phosphorus in aerial parts. Concentrations of these elements were higher in the aerial parts of Ohadi pistachio seedlings treated with AMF than the fungi Concentrations of all elements were higher in the aerial parts of AMF inoculation conditions in sterile soil. Except iron, the other Overall, it was observed that AMF application increased the concentrations of iron, zinc, and manganese nutrients in aerial parts of both cultivars. fungi (AMF) on the concentrations of nutrients in -containing sterile soil). Plants with AMF and Ohadi and Kalleghouchi free conditions with a significant difference at 5% level. treated Kalleghouchi seedlings than the non three elements were different significantly at 5% level. io species at two free non.

The purpose of this study is to design a model of organizational culture in Bandar Imam Petrochemical. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of data collection method and with the help of a questionnaire. . The statistical population of this study includes all 3622 employees of Bandar Imam Petrochemical Company. In order to conduct this research, the sample size was considered between 5 and 10 times the number of questionnaire questions (Tolmats, 2003). This number is between 425 according to the said amount. It is changeable up to 850. Taking into account the probabilities related to the unusability of a number of completed questionnaires, a total of 620 questionnaires were randomly distributed in the desired area at different hours of the day, and finally 595 questionnaires were used as a basis for statistical analysis. (Organizational Culture Questionnaire and Personnel Values ​​Questionnaire) was used. In this study, in order to determine the validity of the questionnaires through communication with elites (management professors) and the second-order confirmatory factor analysis model, all the proposed dimensions in this section (15 dimensions) were approved. Experts were located and the research model was approved. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability of variables and questionnaires. To analyze the research data, factor analysis and confirmation of structural equation modeling and to fit the research model, SPSS and AMOS software were used. The results show that the research model has the necessary validity and there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and personnel values ​​in Bandar Imam Petrochemical. Finally, based on the importance and purpose, suggestions are presented.

This investigation was done with the goal of presenting a successful model of knowledge processing style in Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The current research study is a developmental research in terms of purpose and a descriptive survey research in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study includes two groups of experts familiar with the knowledge processing style, and managers and staff of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran. A sample of 30 experts and a sample of 301 managers and staff of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran were chosen, and a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through using factor analysis and analysis of variance. The obtained results demonstrated that task, organizational culture, information technology, organizational structure are the key determinants of knowledge processing style in Islamic Azad University of Tehran. 

The urban planning achieves optimal urban objectives in the real sense when the needs and requirements of all the citizens are considered based on the age requirements. In this regard, children, as one of the social groups, must be more involved in urban planning. In recent years, in terms of the child-friendly cities, various researches have been done both globally and domestically. However, due to the lack of expansion and implementation of the expected indicators, there are a few cities that have gotten close to the optimal level, all over the world. One of the cases which have not been considered in the cities and has not been able to have child-friendly city indicators is the cultural complexes. In this regard, the current study aimed to identify the factors effective in designing child-friendly cultural complexes. The current study is descriptive-analytical. It has been done by library-based instruments and through indexing and reviewing the related writings (including the books and articles) have been used for the study. The effective factors in designing the child-friendly cultural complexes include the welfare, safety and security, association with nature, association with the history, culture and social identity, access to the facilities, and existence of institutions and the spaces relevant to the children, paying attention to the paralyzed children, etc. The children as the potential social capitals of the society required attention and care, and have a specific share of the cities and urban spaces. Perhaps, the only solutions to stop and prevent future crises in the cities age the creation of innovation in designing child-friendly cultural complexes or spaces.

The purpose of the present research is to design a lean leadership model. Lean leadership components were identified through exploratory studies and polling the experts' opinions using Delphi technique; then these factors were tested in the form of a model designed in the target population. The statistical population of the research consists of three groups. The first group consisted of experts; 31 comments were used to design the template. The second group consisted of the staff of the Azad University out of which 240 were selected and the third group consisted of the staff of the State University of which 282 were selected as sample. This research is descriptive that has been done as a survey. The method of data collection in this research is a combination of library and field studies. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The research findings, while confirming the proposed model, showed that lean leadership includes commitment to self-development, development of others, persistency in lean thinking, daily support of continuous improvement, effective listening, creating outlook, aligning goals with outlook, defining effective propelling organizational values components.

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between personality traits of policymakers and their job motivation based on jihadi management in revolutionary institutions (to provide an appropriate model). This research is correlational-descriptive in terms of nature and applied in terms of objective and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study includes 152 managers and deputies of revolutionary institutions, selected by a census method.  In the present study, using library studies and experts' opinions, the personality traits of policymakers based on jihadi management, 17 components were identified and 52 questions were designed. To measure job motivation, Hukman & Oldham model, including five components of skill diversity, task identity, task importance, independence, and feedback was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was estimated to be higher than 0.7, which indicated that the reliability was confirmed.  Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data in Smart PLS software. Confirming the proposed research model, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the personality traits of policymakers and their job motivation based on jihadi management.  Also, among personality traits, trust in God, commitment, being revolutionary, belief in guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, self-confidence, innovation and creativity, courage and determination, success-seeking, sincerity, generosity, perseverance and double effort, awareness and knowledge seeking, responsibility, kindness, risk-taking, independence-seeking, consultability have a positive and significant relationship with their job motivation based on jihadi management in revolutionary institutions.

The discussion on the position of the religion and the quality of its Effect on the cultural policy-making is one of the subjects posited in the area of the cultural policy-making. The present study aims at the identification and investigation of the status of the cultural policy-making pattern’s indicators based on the Islamic management philosophy. the present study is a descriptive research of the developmental-applied type in terms of the study objectives. The study population included 1) the university professors and experts in the area of the management and Islamic management out of whom 30 individuals were selected based on a judgmental method and 2) the officials of the university’s cultural affairs and the clergymen and the professors in the area of the Islamic teachings from the district eight’s Payam-e-Noor university out of whom 102 individuals were selected based on a census method. In order to gather the information, library research and interview with the corresponding experts (including the professors and specialists informed of the management and Islamic management) were the methods of choice. Next and for assessing the identified indicators, use was made of questionnaire. The content validities of the questionnaire pertinent to the human veneration factors (0.578), the questionnaire related to piety and virtuousness (0.592) and the questionnaire pertaining to cultural policy-making (0.563) were confirmed with a high percentage. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the questionnaires were estimated above 0.7. In order to analyze the data, one-sample t-test was employed and SPSS software was utilized. based on the results and according to Islamic management (conduct way of Imam Ali (PBUH)), the policy-making indicators were identified in two dimensions of 1) human veneration (individual indicators (growth and excellence, faith and piety, intellectuality and tranquility) and group indicators (network-based interest and sympathy) and organizational indicators (productivity and participation)) and 2) piety and virtuousness (God-orientation and exercising Unitarianism, promotion of the necessity of obeying the divine governance, prudence in Islamic culture and meritocracy) and the policy-making process’s indicators included 1) problem-finding (recognition), 2) codification of the policy, 3) legitimization, 4) implementation of the policy and 5) evaluation and valuation; all of them were found in an optimal level. according to the results, cultural policy-makers are required to pay attention to the identified indicators for the growth and excellence of the students in line with the Islamic management philosophy based on conduct way of His Highness Imam Ali (PBUH).

The purpose of the present research is to explain and design the model of internal factors of strategic human resource planning based on the recruitment and adjustment of knowledge-based employees in the National Development Fund. The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population consists of two groups, the first group includes experts familiar with the theories of strategic human resource planning and the recruitment and adjustment of knowledge-based employees, whose number is unspecified and have been scattered throughout the country and their selection method is selective and in this research their opinions have been used in the section of compiling and designing the model, and the second group includes knowledge-based employees (having university education) of the National Development Fund (2,115 people) that 325 people were selected as sample based on Cochran's formula. In the field of data collection, the questionnaires of internal factors of strategic human resource planning, knowledge-based employees, recruitment of knowledge-based employees and adjustment of knowledge-based employees were used whose validity were 0.91.5, 0.94.9, 0.93.8, 0.92.1, and their reliability were 0.86, 0.99.1, 0.94.6, 0.90.2 respectively. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling by applying LISREL software version 8.8. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the internal factors of strategic human resource planning including (organizational goals, skill level, employees' efficiency, organizational structure, job satisfaction, organizational culture, organizational value, and organizational mission) and the recruitment of knowledge-based employees in the National Development Fund. There was a significant relationship between the internal factors of strategic human resource planning including (organizational goals, skill level, employees' efficiency, organizational structure, job satisfaction, organizational culture, organizational value, and organizational mission) and the adjustment of knowledge-based employees in the National Development Fund.

Effective customer relationship management has become a significant challenge in business competition. Organizations need information about who their customers are, what their expectations and needs are, and how their needs should be realized. So, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between the dimensions of the customer relationship model based on banking policies in Maskan bank. The current research study is applied in terms of purpose, it is descriptive of correlational type in terms of nature, and is of survey type in terms of method. The statistical population included all employees of Maskan Bank branches in Tehran including 2153 people. The sample size was estimated to be 327 people based on Cochran's formula that were selected by multi-stage relative cluster sampling. Based on the study of research literature and survey of experts, in order to collect information, 76 questions were prepared in the form of 15 indicators and 5 components (causal, contextual, intervening, strategic, and consequences). The calculated CVR value for each item was more than 0.42, so the content validity was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of variables was higher than 0.7, indicating good reliability. Structural equation modeling using Amos software was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that at a significant level higher than 1.96, the path coefficients of the variable causal conditions on the main category equal to 0.49, the main category variable on strategies (solutions) was equal to 0.44, the variable of the contextual conditions on the strategies (solutions) was equal to 0.16, the variable of intervening conditions on strategies (strategies) was equal to 0.61, the variable of strategies (strategies) on consequences (outcomes) was estimated to be 0.63. It can be stated that all relationships were positive and significant.

The present study aims to identify the components of organizational-commercial health and their status in Fars University of Medical Sciences. This study is applied and developmental in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of nature, and a field study in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups: 1) Experts in the field of organizational health among whom 15 people were selected, and 2) All employees of Fars University of Medical Sciences (1780 people) among whom 315 were selected according to Cochran’s formula by proportional stratified random sampling method. The organizational health questionnaire based on the study literature consists of 10 main components and 29 sub-indicators, that using the Delphi technique, the number of main items was changed to 8 and sub-indicators to 26 items. The content validity of the organizational health questionnaire was estimated to be 0.91,5 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was higher than 0.7. The mean and one-sample t-test, using SPSS software, were used in order to analyze the data. According to the results, the components of organizational health based on the criteria proposed by experts include responsiveness to the environment, cohesion, effectiveness, leadership, professional ethics, performance appraisal, communication style, and organizational atmosphere. The mean of all components was between 4 and 5 (between “appropriate” and “perfectly appropriate”). So, according to the experts, there is a fit between all dimensions of organizational health based on the proposed criteria. Also, considering that the P-value of the test (0.000) was lower than the significance level of 0.05, so given the obtained mean higher than the base mean (3) for the variables, it can be said that the organizational-commercial health variable status is favorable.

Governments' application of a new operational budgeting method requires that they and their subsidiaries be transparent, accountable to, and take responsibility against people. The commercial public concerned with health centers, hospitals, etc., and it is natural that transparency and accountability of medical universities with regard to the costs incurred and revenues earned are seen to be their most basic demands. Therefore, this article aimed to investigate the factors affecting performance-based budgeting to improve public transparency and accountability. The present study was applied in terms of objectives, descriptive in terms of the nature of a survey correlation. The statistical population was comprised of the staff at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (1906 people). The sample volume was estimated to be 322 people based on Cochran's formula as they were selected by multi-stage relative stratified sampling method. To collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was provided based on the literature review and research background, and a survey of subject-related experts was conducted involving 82 items. The face and content validity of the items were confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha was also estimated to be greater than 0.7, which indicated the internal consistency of the items and confirmed the reliability. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used via Emus software. The findings illustrated that considering the value of t above 1.96, the standard path coefficients were as follows: causal condition variable on the main category was 0.40, main category variable on strategies (guidelines) 0.50, underlying condition variable on strategies (guidelines) 0.51, intervening variable conditions on strategies (guidelines) 0.32, and strategies variable (guidelines) on the results (outcomes) 0.83, indicating the positive and significance of these relationships.

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of internet marketing on export development for agricultural products in food companies. The study method is descriptive-correlation and structural equations. The study population is sale managers, marketing managers, experts of international contracts, and international relations experts of exporting agricultural products in food companies.in Tehran. 179 people participate in the study. They responded to questionnaires on internet marketing capabilities, availability of export information, business network relations, and export market growth. The reliability and validity of measures are supported using Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. For data analysis, the Pearson correlation and structural equations method with LISREL software is used. It was found that the effect of internet marketing capabilities on export market growth, availability of export information, and business network relations were positive and significant. The effect of export information availability on export market growth and business network relationship was positive and significant. The effect of the business network relationship on the growth of the export market was positive and significant. Thus, we can say internet marketing capabilities can lead to the increasing availability to export information, and development of international business networks, and export market development.

The current study aimed to compare the effect of using concept map teaching and traditional education on improving self-directed learning indicators of high school students in the thinking and media literacy course. The experimental and control groups via the quasi-experimental research method were used. Three classrooms were selected by purposive sampling as random arrangement (one concept map presentation class, one concept map presentation, and one construction class, and one control class). The course materials in the presentation and construction (combined) group were offered to the learners in the form of a concept map. Using the teacher-made and combined concept map method, the experimental groups were trained in 8 sessions separately and the control group was trained in the traditional method. In all groups, the Fisher et al., a standard questionnaire was used to assess students’ self-directed learning preparation. The research findings revealed that using teacher-made and combined concept maps has increased and improved the self-directed learning index and the traditional training has had a significant effect on the components of self-directed learning. The results disclosed that teaching by concept map method in a combined and teacher-made manner had a significant effect on the self-learning of all of them.