فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، زمستان 1399)

Expansion and urban spaces sprawling are one of the important areas in the field of urban research that requires its own policy-making and planning. The nature of urban creep largely determines the type and manner of planning. Therefore, identifying the type and direction of urban creep using efficient techniques and methods is of particular importance. In this regard, the present study has investigated the effect of human gatherings on urban creep in Iraq using remote sensing (RS) techniques. Among the man-made gatherings and gatherings, the Arbaeen March has been selected because of its increasing importance and quality. The findings show that urban creep in Iraq has increased since 2003, in areas directly and indirectly exposed to the Arbaeen sidewalk; this increase has occurred both in terms of area and in terms of urban density. Comparison of urban growth during Saddam Hussein's rule in Iraq (1980 to 2003) added to the land use area each year showed a fourfold urban Sprawling.

In this study, the issues of Iran-Afghanistan have been investigated by Hydropolytics investigation of Harirood Border River. The importance of the research has been due to the emergence of challenges in the political, social, economic and environmental issues of the two countries as well as the people living on the border. Afghanistan's dependence on Harirood's water supply and development plans have caused water to enter Iran and the challenge of northeastern water security and major cities such as Mashhad. This has led to political problems in the region, such as threats to national security, water resources, and socio-economic problems such as widespread migration, trafficking, unemployment, agricultural degradation, and environmental challenges such as the problem of drinking water security and the occurrence of downpours. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the Harirood River on IranAfghanistan Hydropolytics relations. The results show that the political relations between Iran and Afghanistan are influenced by the hydrophilic nature of Harirood. Also, due to Afghanistan being upstream in the Harirood catchment, it does not want to hold joint meetings and it has now tended to unilaterally pursue unilateral policies to compensate for lost opportunities during the occupation and jihadist and civil wars and to use water as a tool against Iran it's over.

Today, the rural and marginal textures created by the incorporation of neighboring villages or the changing of legal boundaries in traditional cities have a variety of challenges, and the use of purely physical methods to reduce challenges is not appropriate. Therefore, it is inevitable to utilize strategies that incorporate the native and traditional capacity of these tissues and respond to existing challenges. For this purpose, considering the comprehensiveness of the new urbanism approach, the objective of this study is assessing of the possibility of new urbanism criteria in traditional cities case study of rural and marginal textures of the city of ardabill And it includes the areas of Jinkandi, Iranabad, Aliabad, Mir Ashraf, Seyedabad, Kalkhoran, Golmoghan, Mollayousef, Mollabashi and Niyar. The research consists of two parts, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, indicators for assessing the feasibility of new urbanism criteria in the study area were identified by Delphi technique with 3 information rotations and a questionnaire was developed through it. In the quantitative part of the research, using the field method, the necessary data were collected from the citizens through a questionnaire and then analyzed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by Delphi experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test and For data analysis, one-sample t-test, Friedman Ranking test and ANOVA test were used in SPSS 22 software. Based on the results of the research, out of the 17 criteria evaluated, preserve and reinforce traditional structures and social interactions have been implemented, And the next 15 criteria have not been materialized. Also, the feasibility rank of indicators and criteria is different in the research area and the situation of neighborhoods located in marginal and rural areas is not suitable.

Today the tourism industry is recognized as a prominent symbol of globalization and compression of time and space. The purpose of present research is identification of key factors and main propellants on tourism development of Damavand city for management and designing possible scenarios in future, flexible policy and planning framework to the conditions of the area. This study in terms of purpose is practical and in terms of nature is according to new methods of future study is analyticalexploratory which has been done using combination of quantitative and qualitative modles. At first, the open questionnaire was set for general extraction of effective propellants on tourism development of Damavand city among tourism experts and specialists of Damavand city in format of 7 parts and 60 factors. And then extraction of effective main factors on tourism development of city in order to conversion of indexes and variables has been used from MicMac & Scenario wizard softwares. The results showed that the 5 scenarios are in the conditions facing of tourism development of Damavand city. The weak scenarios of this research are 4111 scenarios which it seems that trust in weak scenarios is illogical and also policy and planning for those are impractical, impossible and illiogical. So, it is logical that between strong limited scenarios and wide weak scenarios, we consider compatibility scenarios 1, which according to this, the 14 reasonable and logical scenarios for provided planning and policy on this research.

Currently, change in cities is advancing due to technological advances, information floods, increasing awareness and raising living standards. Although the development of a city depends on the activation of urban marketing, an important and well-known city stands out as a brand. One of the strategies of urban management in order to progress in the competitive world market is to plan for sustainable urban branding for the city, which while introducing the capabilities of the city, the most important factor in achieving economic benefits of urban branding are factors such as tourism, physical space and ... is. The metropolis of Hamedan has been selected for this purpose, including urban tourism destinations with historical and touristic species and the capital of Iran's history and civilization. The measurement tool in this study is a questionnaire that will be designed based on the conceptual framework of the research as well as related studies. For this purpose, the components and indicators of urban branding have been identified with emphasis on social, economic, cultural and physical dimensions and have been used with the opinion of 30 urban experts and specialists and using SPSS25 software analysis at a significant level. Conclusion In the main categories of "existence of the old market of Hamedan" and "suitable mountainous climate in summer" and "sidewalk on Bouali and Ekbatan streets", "tourism hub and the main center of tourism and history of handicrafts and home production", " Scientific and Academic Center of the West of the Country In Hamedan ", ie the respondents in response to these cases have mostly chosen very high and high responses with codes 4 and 5. Therefore, it can be said that according to the respondents, these variables have a great impact on branding the metropolis of Hamedan.

Sand and dust storms occur when unchecked, strong or turbulent winds combine with exposed loose soil dry surfaces. These conditions are usually exacerbated by human activity and land use change in semi-arid and arid regions. The Damghan region, due to its geoecological structure, has created a special features in the arid region on the closed basin of Haj Aligholi. At present the ecosystem balance of the region is affected by anthropogenic exploitation and wind activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the priority of sand resources in the aeolian process. In this study, we were compared the composition and variations of grain size in land natural units (landforms) and human activity - based units (Landscape). In each unit of sand source were taken soil or deposit samples. The results of granulometry show that Agricultural Land Unit contain more than 60% of particles larger than 2000 microns; As a result, this unit is more resistant to wind erosion than other units. Whereas, this value is about 15% for the most sensitive landforms (alluvial plain with water erosion). On the other hand, the granulometry results of particle below 2000 micron indicate that Agricultural Land Unit contains the most vulnerable particles to wind erosion. This means that agricultural land has a high potential to provide sand resources in the process of wind erosion.

Crisis planning and management of natural disasters with emphasis on earthquakes that cause human, financial and environmental damage to spaces and residents of urban areas, should be considered as a basic strategy in all stages of planning and Urban development programs should be considered especially for worn-out structures. The safety of cities, especially dilapidated and historical texture against hazards and crisis management is one of the goals of urban planning and in this regard, the first step is to know the resilience of worn texture neighborhoods and its management against hazards. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The approach of this research is documentary and field. In order to properly manage the crisis in District 19 of Tehran Municipality, using the weighted overlap model in the GIS environment, the vulnerable areas of the area were zoned. In this model, several layers including population density, quality of buildings, proximity to passages, proximity to open spaces, medical centers, fire stations, etc. have been used in the study area. The results of the research show that only a percentage of the study area has a favorable to very favorable condition. And a larger percentage of the study area is in unfavorable to very unfavorable conditions. Due to the fact that most of the 19th district of Tehran Municipality is in a moderate to very unfavorable condition, so it demands the importance and attention of city officials. In order to prevent the destruction of worn-out or even residential structures with the necessary preventive measures and programs, so that we have the least amount of financial and human damage and crisis management in the region.

Throughout the house, it has been very important in Iranian culture, especially after Islam. The house is known as a sacred place to protect the privacy of the family, external access to the inside of the Iranian house has a military space network. This network makes the public and private space of the house in three layers, the first layer; Outdoor, second layer; Covered space and the third layer; Closed space is separated. Because entering the house has a degree of importance and hierarchy, access to all parts of the Iranian house is an inseparable principle of residential architecture. However, in recent years, the spatial rupture of architectural elements from small to large scale has made the body of the settlement of historical cities in Iran unconscious. Therefore, Iranian historical houses are a treasure trove of design concepts and patterns, as well as a source of inspiration for the architecture of contemporary houses. By recognizing and understanding the space system, the conditions of visual comfort and optimal use of space can be put on the agenda of the current architecture. Therefore, the present study is a type of developmental research and in terms of method is a type of historical-descriptive research, specifically the historical house of the Abbasids of Kashan. The study expresses the characteristics of spatial elements with the aim of creating a hierarchy, a spatial continuity that is self-integrating in all spaces in the component system to the whole pattern governing the architecture of the historic house. As intermediate spaces, the spatial factor of the spatial structure of Iranian settlements has been presented.

Isolation of transportation and land use decision making process and consequently increasing car ownership, increasing travel distance, increasing air pollution and noise pollution, environmental problems, etc. are essential issues of urban planning in Iran. Accordingly, the present paper examines integrated transport and land use modeling. In this regard, the process and evolution of transportation and land use planning and travel approaches have been studied. In the following, the urbansim framework for parts of districts 1 and 6 of Shiraz metropolitan is presented as the case study and the modified urbansim is selected as the case study model of this study. In order to access the data and information needed for modeling, documents of Iran national population and housing census of year 1395, Shiraz transportation master plan, GIS maps of Shiraz detailed plan and also questionnaire are being used. After studying the activity patterns of households in the study area, modeling of household residential location choice and Activity-based Household Accessibility is modeled. The quasi-activity model discussed in this study considers this index in the form of characteristics of the household activity pattern, including travel mode availability and household interactions. These indicators are measured at the household level, and the travel chain and the choice of travel mode play a role in facilitating the micro-simulations.

The present article is about comparative studies of contemporary Iranian housing architecture with traditional criteria with physical sustainability approach in Tabriz city. The main question of the research is whether there is a sustained contradiction between traditional design of traditional Tajik residential buildings and traditional architecture. In the contemporary era, everything is undergoing some kind of transformation, from the lifestyle of humans to the architectural style. These days, the Persian traditional Persian architecture and the city of Tabriz are becoming more and more diminishing due to some issues, including the invasion of Western culture. While in architecture, the type of design and architecture in each neighborhood and region is based on climate and climate, beliefs, religious, spiritual and material values that represent the identity, history and culture of the region and the neighborhood. In sustainable architecture, buildings not only adapt themselves to the climatic conditions of the area, but also take advantage of the ecology of the building, which emphasizes the ability to integrate the building with environmental factors, striving to achieve the qualities of the space, the body, and the appropriate form in the design of the architecture. The aim of this study is to investigate the gap between contemporary housing architecture and traditional architecture with sustainability components. The research method is descriptive-analytical and comparative and field observations. According to the research carried out in this study, it was found that there is a deep divide between the architecture of the contemporary and traditional Tabriz residential.

Tourism is the world's largest service industry in terms of revenue generation and has undergone many economic changes that can have a significant impact on employment as a powerful economic industry In the present article, in order to study the development of tourism, the reduction of poverty and economic empowerment of households in the villages of Parsabad city has been discussed. This research has been used in terms of application type and in terms of nature of performance, descriptiveanalytical and library data and field methods for data collection .The statistical population of this study is 13 villages studied in Parsabad city According to the Cochran's formula, 352 households were identified as sample size and completed using systematic sampling of questionnaires. The research findings using the test (Wilcomsson and t two pairs) indicate that, based on t-statistics (7.404) of tourism development rate and all dimensions (except physical dimension) with average tvalues: (2.83 .)In the post-tourism era, it has declined significantly. On the other hand, the rate of tourism development has decreased by 7.404 t at the time after tourism development, As a result, more regional planning needs to be developed for tourism . And it can serve as a source of income for the region and the country, reducing poverty and unemployment. The reality is that the tourism industry has not been very successful in this region.

The thesis entitled “the investigation of the relationship between the authoritarian structure governing Libya and its role in creating human crisis and the downfall of Gadhafi’s dictatorship in the formation of a people-centered government”, investigated the crisis resulted from the political, cultural and economic structure. This study aimed to investigate the Formation of a People-Centered Government and the authoritarian structure of Libya government in Gaddafi’s governorship and its relation to the emergence of the political and humanity crisis after his governorship. To this end, a documentary method in the form of re-analysis, was used. The instruments utilized in this study to gather data were books, articles, dissertations and virtual sites on Libyan Revolution, the political crisis, and the authoritarianism, which were selected as a sample of the statistical population to test and analyze. The result of t - test and regression showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between the Libyan’s authoritarianism and political humanity crisis. The results of all tests revealed that there was a significant statistical relationship between the authoritarianism structure of Gaddafi's government and the political crisis after his governorship in Libya.

Growing cities and urban populations have increased the use of personal transportation. This factor has caused many problems. In recent decades, with the introduction of the concept of sustainable urban development, city managers must use their plans for sustainable development. Given that cycling routes are a measure of sustainable development. This research intends to provide the location of bicycle paths with specific criteria based on the opinions of experts and using the ANP model and GIS maps. In order to achieve the goal, the criteria were weighted by 42 experts through pairwise comparison questionnaires and the weighting was done by the network analysis process (ANP). To solve the problems, the weights obtained in the ANP method are entered as input and the final significance vector of the model in the GIS software layers. To solve the problems, the weights obtained in the ANP method are entered as input and the final significance vector of the model in the GIS software layers. The output of ANP model showed that the sub-criteria of residential use with 17%, very dense population with 16%, and use of Iranian market with 14%, respectively. Also, commercial and office use with a dense population of 12%, respectively, had the greatest importance and impact in prioritizing the bicycle path in the new city.

The purpose of this study is to identify and track the obstacles and implementation issues of programs in the field of urban management and the role and position of law in it .In this research, the library or document method with tools, ie filing, has been used.The picture of the current situation of the urban management system in Iran is a confused picture. Current affairs in countries are governed by their own set of laws, and laws and regulations act as executive tools for city managers. However, despite the expansion of cities and the consequent complication of urban issues and the expansion of the scope of duties of city managers, the law adopted in 1334 (with amendments) is still considered as the main law in the municipality of Tehran and this has caused many problems.

The study of legal sources and sources shows the inefficiency and obsolescence of urban management laws that the updating of these laws provides a way to organize some of the problems in this area. One of the measures that can be effective in correcting incorrect trends or improving the current situation is the pathology of the implementation of urban plans, and through this, ways can be suggested to prevent the escalation of problems and eradicate them.

The purpose of this study is to identify and track the obstacles and implementation issues of programs in the field of urban management and the role and position of law in it .In this research, the library or document method with tools, ie filing, has been used.The picture of the current situation of the urban management system in Iran is a confused picture. Current affairs in countries are governed by their own set of laws, and laws and regulations act as executive tools for city managers. However, despite the expansion of cities and the consequent complication of urban issues and the expansion of the scope of duties of city managers, the law adopted in 1334 (with amendments) is still considered as the main law in the municipality of Tehran and this has caused many problems. Conclusion The study of legal sources and sources shows the inefficiency and obsolescence of urban management laws that the updating of these laws provides a way to organize some of the problems in this area. One of the measures that can be effective in correcting incorrect trends or improving the current situation is the pathology of the implementation of urban plans, and through this, ways can be suggested to prevent the escalation of problems and eradicate them

Despite the widespread use of models of self-regulatory strategies, its various dimensions and components in education are still not well understood. The purpose of this article is to identify indigenous environmental strategies of self-regulated learning in education in Tehran. In order to conduct this research, in addition to the documentary study, the Delphi technique has been used to refine the factors and components. The survey was conducted in four stages in 1398 and the results of each stage were refined using factor loads.) Used. The model of self-regulated learning strategies in 3 dimensions, 9 components and 22 indicators were designed for high school students in Tehran and the effect of these components and indicators on the dimensions of problem-solving methods were determined. The indicators presented in this study can evaluate self-regulated learning strategies for high school students and according to using the rich literature on the subject and comparing with different models and measurable indicators and applying the opinions of experts in selfregulatory strategies. It is possible for different educations to analyze the current situation and benefit from successful experiences, to present plans for efficient and effective self-regulatory learning strategies in education and other similar organizations.

One of the most important places to create daily games and interactions between children is residential spaces in which the child is often ignored and not given an identity. If the conditions for the presence of children in our traditional homes exist at different levels, especially in open spaces and neighborhoods, and increase play, provide sensory, practical and growth stimuli. Learning and free play, environment and body, community and culture are considered as criteria for sustainable development in Tehran and are factors that are generally effective in the formation of child-friendly housing and in various forms in open, semi-open, closed areas. They define the creation of a suitable environment for the child's growth and his effective interaction with his living environment. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effects of child-friendly housing components for the sustainable development of district one of Tehran and the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and survey methodology with a questionnaire. The statistical population is used by experts in the field of architecture and urban planning in district one of Tehran, which was provided to 50 people by simple random sampling method. Findings show that the highest averages are related to the variables of readability (4.30), flexibility (3.78) and sensory richness (3.76), which are important in increasing and developing child-friendly housing. According to the results of learning and free play variables with beta 0.711 has the greatest effect on the variable of housing and child. Based on this result, a standard deviation in the learning and free play variable increases the housing deviation by 0.711 standard deviation, in contrast, reducing a standard deviation in the learning and free play variable reduces the standard deviation in the childfriendly housing variable

Chalus is one of the most important cities in the north of Iran because of its large population and on the one hand because of its extravagant and touristy activities, it receives many trips daily. This has greatly increased the level of traffic in its passageways. Therefore, parking is one of the most essential transport infrastructure in the area. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the effective factors in mechanized parking in Chalus city. Reviewing the research literature and expert opinion 11 criteria including attitude and attitude of officials, private sector investment, ease of transportation, production capacity, cost of investment, cooperation with attractive travel centers, profitability, demand, people after sales services, the use of technology, technology and product quality were identified as effective criteria in the development of mechanized parking. Using the experts' opinions, the relationships of influence and interaction of the elements are obtained as numerical scores, then the criteria are prioritized using the ANPF method. The results show that investment cost criteria, responsible attitude, private sector investment, profit, demand, use of technology and technology, product quality, fuels capacity, convenience of transportation, cooperation with travel attraction center and post-production services. The first to eleventh ranks are in the development of mechanized parking lots.

The purpose of this study is to identify the components affecting the social classes of citizens on urban body design. For this purpose, the theoretical foundations related to social classes and urban body design were examined and the initial conceptual model that included effective indicators was extracted. In the next step, the effective components have been refined by fuzzy Delphi method and using the opinion of relevant experts and professors, and thus more than twenty indicators were removed from the set of identified indicators. The final model includes three main components including physical, social and environmental quality components and seventeen subindicators. Physical component indicators include density and compression, road network, public spaces and milestones, mixing of uses and functions and Urban infrastructure is more important than other components. Indicators of social dimension also include social interactions, job type, income level, level of specialization, education and level of education, family background and social status, identity and sense of belonging, variety of personal tastes and contradictions, and the degree to which social wealth is achieved.. Dimensions related to environmental quality include organization appropriate to performance and optimal density, social cohesion and solidarity, consultation and participation of urban users, mixed, flexible and multiple uses, social interactions and communication with others, social identity, sense of belonging and sense of spatial identity. And aggregate activities and access opportunities.

Considering the potentials in the forests of Arasbaran in Iran, especially in Horand city, and the diversity of plant and animal species, planning with the aim of recognizing this gift can be a sustainable source for the development of regional tourism. This study aims to prioritize tourism development scenarios in Arasbaran region from the perspective of the target community, including potential and actual tourists, as well as designing future scenarios for tourism development and selecting preferred scenarios to achieve this important. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. In the research process, documentary studies, field studies with the help of observation, interviews with related experts and experts, and survey of potential and actual tourists (including 384 people in 20 major groups) and expert groups (21 people) have been used. In the research process, four extracted scenarios include continuing the current situation or procedure, emphasizing the development and improvement of physical and human infrastructure, especially private and public infrastructure and investment, emphasizing the development and improvement of marketing programs with emphasis on target market selection and Attracting tourists and defining new activities and creating diversity in forest supply to tourists were presented. Natabaj shows that in the opinion of experts, all the extracted scenarios are important, but the scenario emphasizes the development and improvement of physical and human infrastructure, especially private and public infrastructure and investment, as a superior scenario and suitable solutions for the development of forest ecotourism. Provided.

Today, entrepreneurship development is one of the most constructive strategies for economic, social and cultural development of deprived areas and villages, and due to the dominance of agriculture in most rural areas, the main emphasis is on rural entrepreneurship. In this regard, agricultural tourism (agro tourism) experience It is also very suitable for visitors who are looking for work on the farm, garden, access to nature, sightseeing and cultural experiences, and on the other hand helps farmers maintain the dynamism and sustainability of agriculture and diversify their economy. The present study seeks to design a model of rural entrepreneurship development based on agricultural reversal. This research is a quasi-structured interview in the framework of a qualitative approach and using data research method of the Foundation to collect data and to collect information, with Targeted sampling method has been used with 30 experts familiar with rural tourism, rural entrepreneurship, local officials and meta-local interviews. Environmental body and natural ecosystems), background factors (effect Environmental education, basic education, handicrafts and rural infrastructure and tangible infrastructure), intervening conditions (motivational effects, intangible infrastructure, culture and rituals), strategies (development and transformation, indicators, practical training and creation of participatory workshops) and consequences It was (economic, social and cultural growth, development of entrepreneurial culture).

Health tourism is of great importance due to its high capacity to earn foreign exchange and Iran's potential in the field of medicine, as well as the existence of suitable natural resources (hot springs and salt domes, salt water lakes and sludge treatment facilities). However, Iran's share of the health tourism market is small, despite its high capacity. Therefore, measuring the sensitivity of foreign health tourism demand in different regions of Iran to effective factors is necessary to increase Iran's share of foreign health tourism. Therefore, in this study, using the almost ideal demand (AIDS) with the help of the system of simultaneous equations, the health tourism demand function is estimated. For this purpose, using the questionnaire, the opinion of 216 foreign tourists in the two fields of medical tourism (medical) and prevention (health) has been obtained and it has been estimated using the system of simultaneous equations. According to the results of the near-ideal demand estimate, the price elasticity of health tourism demand (both treatment and prevention) is greater than one, while the price elasticity of other goods and accommodation services is less than one. Also, according to the sensitivity results of health tourists' demand (separately for treatment and prevention), the corresponding variables are significant coefficients such as tourist income, visa duration, price, expenses, exchange rate changes, inflation rate in Iran. In the field of medical tourism demand, the variables of waiting time for receiving services, physician reputation and specialty and in the field of health tourism demand, the variables of accommodation quality, level of medical capacities, level of cooperation between tourism agencies and medical centers and health tourism facilities They have been influential in health tourism demand.

One of the characteristics of urban geography is the creation of modernity and the concept of individualism that arises from this geography. The various aspects of individualism must be taken into account in its analysis and explanation. The next dimension that one pursues for self-interest is called vertical individualism. In this study, the effects of lifestyle factors, life satisfaction, Universalism, and generalized trust on the tendency for vertical individualism are investigated. This paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of type of analysis. From all residents of Tehran who were more than 25 years old, the sample size was 400 using Cochran formula. The method of data collection was multistage cluster sampling using a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings of the study indicate that the relationship between lifestyle variable and tendency to vertical individualism, inverse and correlation value is -0.537, relationship between life satisfaction variable and tendency to vertical individualism, inverse and correlation value is -0.647, and the relationship between variable Universalism and The tendency for vertical individualism, the inverse and the correlation value was -0.608, and the relationship of the generalized trust variable, and the tendency for the vertical individualism, the inverse, and the correlation value was -0.698. Also, the four variables of life style, life satisfaction, Universalism and generalized confidence with tendency to vertical individualism were -0.785 and coefficient of determination equal to 0.616. In other words, lifestyle variables, life satisfaction, Universalism, and generalized confidence, account for 61.6% of the variations in the "vertical orientation tendency".

Thousands of years ago, the climate was perfectly balanced with environmental conditions and living conditions were more suitable for humans, but today buildings account for more than half of the world's energy consumption, significantly by emitting greenhouse gases. What they create contributes to climate change. In the process of transition from the architecture of historic houses to contemporary houses in Iran, especially in the city of Tabriz, it must be understood what values historical houses have lost and what other factors besides indigenous knowledge, naturalism and mere Energy saving has affected the formation of contemporary houses in Tabriz, including the Rushdieh neighborhood of Tabriz. The main question of the research is whether climate affects the formation of Tabriz housing in the contemporary period? The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of climate on the formation of contemporary housing in Tabriz in Rushdieh neighborhood. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey and in order to collect information, two library and field methods were used and the statistical population included the total population of Rushdieh town of Tabriz (6378 people) and the sample size was 362 people which was determined by Cochran's formula. Was obtained. Cronbach's alpha was used for the reliability of the questions, based on which the reliability coefficient of the questions was equal to 0.898. After analyzing the information for weighting the criteria from their entropy technique, the interaction and the effect of the criteria on the formation of housing and their degree of importance in comparison with each other have been investigated. They are shown in the design. Finally, strategies to improve climate design in the formation of housing that will be built in the future are presented.

Lifelikeness is one of the sub-branches of sustainable architecture. In the discussion of the development of viability and, by its nature, the viability architecture, it has become obvious that every building must interact with its natural context and environment. Market space, its Lifelikeness is one of the most important and necessary components in architecture. The purpose of this study is the relationship between identity and lifelikeness variables in the historical market of Isfahan. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and analysis and survey with the tools of the encyclopedia. Statistical community used by experts, professors, in connection with architecture and urban planning. The results indicate that the variables of self-control, biological, legal, moral, attachment in the market of Isfahan, the average for this component is higher than 4 and also the lowest average value of the motor variable is equal to 2.16. The study conducted on the total average of this index for Isfahan market is 3.77, which shows the degree of desirability in traditional and historical bi. Also, economic and readability variables have a much greater share compared to other variables in predicting the dependent variable, namely the viability of the Isfahan market, which this trend is also desirable for variables in explaining viability and identity.

In recent years, the subject of environmental psychology and human-environment relations and its ability to be translated into the language of environment and architecture in historical works, has been considered by researchers in this field of knowledge and experts in this field have tried to apply these concepts in Today's architecture, to deal with the excellence of modern buildings arising from the knowledge of historical buildings. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between man and the environment by recognizing the key factors in this area in the Qajar houses of Tabriz from environmental psychology. The method used in the present study is descriptive, analytical and exploratory and its approach is documentary and survey. In the present study, in order to analyze the data, the method of structural studies in the form of Mick Mac software (interaction analysis) has been used to identify the key factors of the system. In this regard, 50 experts in the field of environmental psychology and architecture were used to weigh the indicators. Based on the results, 10 factors of material needs, psychological needs, intellectual needs, attitudes (culture), social values, beliefs, past experiences, motivations, unity and scale were identified as the most effective key factors of the system. Also, 10 highly influential components of the system were identified, including factors of stillness, psychological needs, scale, legibility and clarity, motivations, solitude, populism, flexibility, privacy and perspective. Also, based on the scatter plot of the research variables, the system has unstable conditions.

In architecture, design and construction of traditional and indigenous buildings, the use of renewable energy such as airflow, light and heat in construction has been considered by the builders. Efforts have also been made to minimize the negative impact on the environment. Knowing how changes in architecture affect human and social relationships in different periods, in the future, responsive architecture can be predicted according to the new conditions of human relations. The main question of the research is that the architecture of modern and traditional houses in Tabriz is designed from the perspective of appropriate social interactions? The present research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. Delphi's tools and techniques have been used in surveys to answer research questions and for statistical conclusions and to provide documentation based on the purpose of SPSS software. The statistical sample size of the present study will include 50 people in the form of 20 PhD students in architecture, 5 professors of architecture, 20 residents of residential complexes and 5 cultural and social specialists who will be extracted and presented based on statistical methods. Cronbach's alpha was used to validate the questions. The purpose of this study is to study the sustainable architecture of modern and traditional houses in Tabriz from the perspective of social interactions. According to the research findings, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between housing architecture and social interactions, which has been considered more in the design of traditional houses in Tabriz than in the design of modern houses in Tabriz. Therefore, in the architecture and design of contemporary Tabriz houses, the components and social aspects required by users and users should be considered.

Good governance is known as the third millennium model for city management. One of the most important challenges in achieving good urban governance and institutionalizing this model in urban management is how to manage the city as the most effective, least costly and sustainable management methods. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the components affecting the realization of good governance in the new city of Fooladshahr and the extent of its coordination with surrounding settlements such as Minadasht, Najafabad and Zarrinshahr. The present research is of applied type and its analysis method is descriptiveanalytical. The data and information required for the research have been collected in two ways: library and field. The geographical area of the research is the new city of Fooladshahr and the surrounding settlements. The statistical population of the study includes the population of residents over 15 years (11797 people) and the sample size is equal to 375 residents and 50 officials. The sample sizes were selected using Cochran's formula and purposely simple random method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS software and Friedman test, Spearman correlation and one-sample t-test were used. The variables were evaluated using the Likert scale. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between the sub-index of good urban humility from the perspective of officials and citizens. Sub-indicators of regularity and community-based have the greatest impact on good urban governance from the citizens 'point of view, respectively, and also sub-indicators of accountability and regularity have the greatest impact on good urban governance from the officials' point of view, respectively. There is inconsistency between the urban governance of the new city of Fooladshahr and the urban management of Zarrinshahr, Minadasht and Najafabad in each of the financial, administrative, decision-making and executive dimensions. In general, the average relationship between Fooladshahr urban governance and surrounding cities is less than the average of 3 and very weak. The one-sample t-test also shows that, according to experts, there is a weak and significant coordination between the urban governance of Fooladshahr and the surrounding settlements

Present research is an analytical-descriptive study that is conducted in the three interrelated stages. In the first stage, the most important criteria and features of the entrepreneurial organization in the Custom of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been recognized and screened using fuzzy Delphi method. In the second stage, the relations among criteria are recognized using fuzzy DEMATEL method, and in the final stage, the features of entrepreneurial organization are ranked through interpretive structural modeling method. The statistical population of this study includes experts and administrators of the custom organization in Tehran province from which 28 persons were selected through judgmental-purposive sampling method. Research findings showed that 17 indices, among 48 explored indices, approved by experts. On the basis of Fuzzy DEMATEL test, it is revealed that 8 variables have causation role and 9 variables have effectuation role. On the other, the interpretive structural modeling approach showed that variables are categorized into six levels that in the meantime, the capital resources variable (structural, human, and interactional, …), as the infrastructural factors, have more power of influence in the Custom of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Due to the widespread spread of the corona virus, the relationship between the people and the staff of these organizations has increased and the need to pay attention to this issue has doubled. Considering development and empowerment strategies as a system, their final consequences affect regional development. Studying the factors affecting regional development can acquaint planners with in-depth and scientific analysis of the causes and obstacles to development so that they can design codified development plans at the macro level the way to sustainable development. Accompany the formation. According to the mentioned topics, the purpose of this study is to present a model of development and empowerment of human resources with a service approach for regional development in Ilam University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. To identify the dimensions of the model and its related factors, first the indicators were extracted using library studies and then Delphi experts were used to monitor the indicators and obtain the final dimensions of the model in three steps. The statistical population of the study includes all managers and experts of the human resources unit with more than 15 years of service in the study area. The statistical sample of the study consisted of experts and managers of Ilam University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, as well as professors and faculty members of universities in fields related to the subject under study. Due to the limited statistical population, the census method was used and all of these individuals (380) were distributed a questionnaire. Finally, for data analysis, Smart PLS, SPSS software was used, and for the relevant calculations of goodness and model fit, structural equation modeling was used. The results indicate that cultivating a sense of competence, effectiveness, appropriate training, sense of autonomy and a sense of trust in the development and empowerment of human resources and three dimensions of service quality, effectiveness and timeliness of services in the service dimension are the dimensions of the proposed model. The extracted results can be considered by the officials and those involved in the development of the province in the development and regional planning of Ilam province.

Tourism with a long history is one of the most important issues in the development of a country and plays an important role in economic, social and cultural dynamics. Damghan city with a long historical background and being located on the road connecting the north, south, east and west can be considered a suitable area for tourism and attracting tourism, and this will be effective in its economic development. Due to the historical nature of Damghan city, one of the most important examples of tourism in this city is its historical places. Therefore, the main issue of the present study is to introduce and recognize historical places with tourist attractions and its impact on attracting tourism and economic development of Damghan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies and observation of historical sites. The main finding of the article is that the existence of important historical monuments in Damghan, which is related to different periods of the history of this land, can make this city an important tourist center and with special attention of people and officials and change and improve the attitude towards the tourism industry. One of the main ways to develop Damghan's economic development is to consider it. Due to the uniqueness of Damghan's economy, tourism can be effective in the evolution of social institutions, changing attitudes and exploiting resources, and as a result, the economic development of the city.

Applied research in cities to protect against natural disasters will enhance design initiatives and find the best policies. Therefore, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to include resilience programs and reduce the vulnerability of citizens and communities exposed to hazards and natural disasters in urban development plans. So planning for resilience in crisis has become an important part of the future of societies and organizations. Research Methodology In terms of purpose was Applied, in terms of data type Documentary and field, And in terms of how it is executed spatially. Using the AHP model, the layers were integrated in GIS environment and finally, the historical texture locations of the city were determined in terms of resilience. The results showed that the southern and western parts were in poor condition (8.38 ha) and In contrast to the building units located in the central and eastern parts of the area, it is in favorable condition (90.26 ha). According to the evaluation, it can be concluded that the neighborhoods of Fahadan, Zartoshti, Posht Bagh and Gonbade Sabz have the highest resiliency, and on the contrary Sheikhdad, Dolatabad, Godal Mosalah, Gazargah and Shesh Badgiri have the least resilience.

The architecture of public spaces is a place for the integration of cultural diversity and the presence of different social currents. In these collective spaces, there is the possibility of innovation and plurality of artistic ideas, and therefore, collective spaces have become a sign of the common architectural taste in their context. This research aims to receive a complementary process for designing public service spaces by receiving field data and sociological analysis and to monitor the general attitude towards the specialized field of architecture. Most studies have focused on the role of architecture in human behavior, which is called "environmental psychology"; But the view of architecture as a habit and a product, which changes over time and the presence of the user and can change the nature (perceptual / objective) resulting from collective behaviors, is a topic that is less discussed. Now the question arises that what pattern follows the architectural perception and components that are effective in understanding the public space from the users' point of view? Developing a pattern of public perception of architecture can be effective at the time of design and in the production of design methods based on the active presence of users. According to the study of this study on the statistical population of 1200 people and monitoring people's perceptions of the subject of architecture of public spaces, it can be said that social identities live in a different perceptual space of the subject of architecture. Individual and group features have different readings of the architectural problem, the sorting of which, in terms of the parameters in the building, becomes a model for the design of public spaces.

Today, with the development and advancement of technology, due to the energy crisis and fossil fuels, environmental pollution and the global crisis of global warming, population growth and the need for energy consumption, has put human beings in a situation that has begun the era of sustainability and architecture. The environment will witness many changes to improve this situation. By designing and architecture appropriate to the climate and creating a pattern, it is possible to have a great impact on reducing energy consumption and preventing the waste of energy, as well as the occurrence of environmentally friendly designs and sustainable buildings. Therefore, recognizing the climatic conditions in each region is one of the most important factors in creating comfort and well-being of building users in different regions and achieving sustainable design; Because architecture and climate have a direct relationship and impact on each other and the human geography of a region. In this regard, through library studies and applied development methods, climate analysis is based on the four divisions of Dr. Hassan Ganji and its impact on building design to achieve sustainable architecture in temperate and humid climates. This research establishes a link between geography, architecture and sustainable development.