نشریه تحقیقات بنیادین علوم انسانی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، تابستان 1395)

Hermeneutics of art known text commentary and hermeneutics method can be the path of understanding and interpretation of any text, including religious and scientific texts. In writing, studying the hermeneutical methods in terms of historical and functional (text and philosophical hermeneutics) as well as the access to the mind of the author and meaning of the text into two kinds of grammatical interpretation and psychological practices (technical) are mentioned. It also describes the views of the likes of Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger and Gadamerchr('39')s hermeneutics approach them critically examined, As look at the likes of  Vygotsky and Ausubel  about the behavior and characteristics of human was discussed as a research text. Also of concern in the field of hermeneutics, the difference "hermeneutic or interpretation of  the Quran" with other texts even with the text of the Bible. Including that  there are criteria for the interpretation of the Quran,To assist the interpreter to be not in the abyss tafsir bi-al-ra’y (interpretation based on personal opinion ). Quranic scholars and Commentators also discussed the organization of the interpretation of the Quran and Systematizing it have contributed. But  it can be said, there is restrictions such as tafsir bi-al-ra’y (interpretation based on personal opinion ) ,and relativism in the interpretation of religious texts and scientific ,Including in the field of education and psychological issues as well. The aim of this study is critically view to hermeneutics as a method of interpretation of religious and psychology texts. For this purpose, by examining some of the relevant texts and sources related to the topic and with descriptive – analytical  method, this paper is trying to answer the following questions:1-    According to psychology and field of education texts, If a man lives as text with the ability to interpret, this interpretation of how and with what characteristics is it possible? 2-    Is the hermeneutic method can be used as a method of research in religious studies? 3-    What are Limitations and shortcomings hermeneutics method  in the  dual approach religion and psychology?

The main question of this research was: Where is the position of parapsychology in Islamic psychology? Doesnchr('39')t Islamic psychology need meta-psychology? Content analysis of religious and psychological texts was theoretically and conceptually applied in this research. The research results are: 1. parapsychology is in contemporary Psychology; 2. In some societies existing today, the examples of parapsychology are very various; 3. There is an obvious relationship between Islamic psychology and parapsychology because of some issues like "faith in the unseen", "high motivations", and "extrasensory perceptions" that Islamic psychology arises; 4. If we want to do a psychological analysis of humanchr('39')s behaviors in the scale of this world and the other, we have no choice but to pay attention to meta-psychological issues.

The present article aims at answering a major question and three subsidiary ones. The major question is: “How can one achieve a new and initial classification in political sciences according to Islamic humanities based on civilization assets in classification of sciences?” The subsidiary questions are: (a) “What is classification of sciences and what are its uses and consequences?”, (b) “What is the relationship between development of Islamic civilization in some periods of history and classification of sciences, and how will this relationship be established in modern Islamic civilization?” and (c) “What is the difference between classification of sciences among Islamic thinkers and new western thinkers?” Accordingly, the present article – while explaining the concept, importance, features and uses of classification of sciences and its role and status in the development of Islamic civilization – deals with the meaning of modern Islamic civilization and its relationship with old-line Islamic civilization. It, then, briefly reviews the common criteria in classification of sciences, and catches a glimpse of the most prominent classification of Muslim scholars in previous centuries, including Farabi, Avicenna, Mulla Sadra, as well as western scholars such as Kant and Bacon, attempting to explain the bases of classification in Islamic and western civilizations. It also delineates the major relationship of Islamic humanities with classification of sciences, explaining the status of politics in classification of sciences. In that section, we first present definitions and functions of political philosophy, philosophy of political sciences and political knowledge as well as a brief explanation of various approaches to them, explaining the domain of political science and its role in classification of political sciences. At the end, the article presents a quasi-classification of political sciences from the viewpoint of Islamic humanities, attempting to preserve the merits of traditional and modern classification of political sciences.

The methodology of Islamic bioethics explains the logic and framework to understand the problem, subject and referring from the sources and valid evidence with the aim of extracting bio-field behavior rules in accordance with the rational command theory. The methodology of Islamic bioethics is organized here based on three part of problem-solving, understanding the subject matter and inferring the rule. In the part of understanding the problem I will explain that recognizing the problem has different aspects. Due to environmental conditions, especially to the theoretical environment around the formation and problem solving context when faced with any problem, the researcher should determine that is there any real problem or there is an illusion or the problem is specific to another environment. And also on the assumption that the problem exists what sort of problem it is and based on the answer what is the methodology for solving the problem. In the rule inferring part I discuss the sort of inferring methods and institutions including authentic expedients, policies and general rules.

Organization of individual and community rights and mutual obligations of the most important political philosophers have been thinking fields. Citizenship in Islamic political philosophy founded on truth. Cognitive foundations of political facts and the law in detail, it is understood by human reasoning faculty can contribute to political philosophy. Community educational environment that strives to provide its prosperity virtuous citizens. Virtue is a fundamental element in the citizenship of Islamic political philosophy. Virtue is rooted in truth and strives to provide a dignified citizen. The main feature of the town / city in the Islamic political philosophy of the citychr('39')s waste and aims to bring the good citizens of the world. Perfect City is a society whose members are those who want to achieve their virtue. Truth, virtue and happiness as the origin and destination fundamental principle of citizenship limits of values such as justice, freedom, equality and political participation rights and obligations as between the individual and society.

The idea of national interest, because of being based on Hobbes’s political philosophy and theory of the nation-state, implies principles and requirements of certain activism in foreign policy that its results are well manifested in the growing alienation of nations and human societies as well as the never-ending competition and conflict between them on the attainment of their own interests. The present research aims to analyze the theoretical foundations of interests of the Islamic State in foreign policy through an exploration in the Islamic Political Philosophy using the descriptive-analytic method. In addition, by explaining the theoretical foundations such as the need for cooperative services in relations between units, this study tries to provide grounds for proposal of a new approach to the concept of interests under the title of “human interests” in order to help the policies and measures of the Islamic State to be underpinned by material and spiritual happiness of all nations and cause the Islamic rluer, as the as vicegerent of God on earth, to be concerned with the happiness of all human beings.

In unstable conditions because of inadequate and incomplete information, accurate and efficient decisions decrease. Therefore traders prefer not to trade because they are afraid of choosing wrong. However if complete information were available, there werenchr('39')t situation in which individuals would lead to opportunism or were identified and it was avoided. Opportunistic situation and inadequate information (under uncertainty) increase transaction costs. In this study the relationship between stability and international trade institution in the era of the prophet Muhammad (pbuh) will be examined. It is clear, if government has been existed to create and complete stability institution in the community and change or reform it in accordance with the requirements and qualifications due to transaction costs reduction. It causes the development of the international trade institution. Since Islam bind government to establish and maintain stability, the transaction costs reduce that it lead to improvement of international trade institution. To prove this hypothesis, the historical narrative of issue to be addressed and by citing to historical evidences and facts, the hypothesis is proven. The method of descriptive- analytical has been used. Also in this article, two proxies have been defined for measuring of the stability. They are price volatility recreation and unemployment.