نشریه مطالعات بیداری اسلامی
پیاپی 17 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

According to often done estimations, to the foreseeable future, The Middle East will remain as one of the most rising crisis regions of the world area. This region is accounted as Hart Land of the world and abroad near superpower with respect to strategic importance, economic and political, as well as one of the regions of the world economy. In recent months, we witness the rise and growth protest movements in the Middle East, so it is gone to revolution in some countries. Starting point of protest and revolutions domino appears from Tunisia and according to Samuel Huntington: “gradually, other countries have been moved into transfer colony”. In this research, we try to answer this question that survey the cause of being revolution of region country and the reason of creation revolution thoughts in area people’s imagines and perceptions. In response, it was given to raise social, political and Islamism forces that want to cross the conservatism pass and to reach change policy arena. In the other words, these forces defined country rulers’ protect policy of status quo as its non-self and other and try to challenge it.

The America macro-strategy towards Iran was based on effort to isolate Iran strategically in the region.This strategy has been manifested in support of Iraq by Washington in the imposed war, various sanctions against the Iran Islamic Republic and nuclear case.However,the events of11th September2001,as well as the domino effect of the Islamic Awakening in the Arab world in2011 have led to an increase in the US presence in the Middle East political-security equations and,as a result, to the US confrontation with the Islamic Republic of Iran.This article has tried to respond this question on analyzing America confrontational approach to the Islamic Republic from2001to2015.The findings showed that the events of11th September2001 and the Islamic Awakening of the Arab countries in2011-2015have become the hegemony and confrontation of these countries. In contrary, the Islamic Republic of Iran sought to establish a new regional order based on the discourse of resistance and the model of political Islam of the Islamic Revolution.America considers Iran as an anti-hegemonic challenge and as a result leading to increase of confrontation between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region.The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data were collected by documentary method and internet resources.

Developments, movements and revolutionary-social uprisings of Muslims in the Arab Middle East and North Africa such as Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Bahrain, Yemen and other important regions of the Islamic world from 2010 to the present based on various perspectives and from different angles It has attracted the attention of analysts, thinkers and theorists. In fact, different attitudes, including Islamic, liberal, and nationalist, have studied, analyzed the nature, and theorized about these developments from different angles. As some of the following theories of pro-democracy, liberal democracy, Arab Spring and human awakening and others in the form of Salafism and Islamic radicalism try to explain and analyze this issue. The results and findings of the present study indicate that the theory of Islamic awakening in comparison with rival theories is the only theory that can explain the reality of these revolutionary events in terms of structure, epistemology-ideology and behavior and the real intentions and goals of this Analyze popular Islamic uprisings.

The present article aims to investigate the type and causes of changes and overt transformations in the ideas and values of the Tunisian Ennahda movement in the theoretical and practical dimensions of Islamism in the struggle before the Yasman 2010 revolution to enter the practical realm of politics and secular rule in this country. Has entered the field of writing.The field of writing has come. Why and how the Ennahda movement became a patriotic party after the Tunisian revolution is the main question that the present study intends to answer using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study show that the Ennahda movement led by Rashid al-Ghannouchi, in spite of revolutionary idealism in the process of Islamic awakening in North Africa and after the success of the Yasman Revolution, underwent changes due to conservatism due to practical governance experience. Theoretical and practical developments in ideological-political fields and identity components have been made. On the other hand, due to these changes and metamorphosis, while distancing and separating from the ideals of the Muslim Brotherhood movement towards secular democracy and distance from Isl

The widespread activities of the ISIS terrorist group in Iraq and Syria during 2018-2014 met with different reactions. The main purpose of this article is to study Iran's foreign policy towards ISIL in the form of a descriptive-analytical method and in the framework of the theory of threat balance. This raises the main question of what is the approach of Iran's foreign policy towards the ISIS group and what are the solutions and challenges. The findings of this study indicate that Iran's foreign policy towards ISIL is generally shaped by Iran's perception of the ISIL threat. Iran's perception of the ISIS threat has four main indicators: total power, geographical proximity, offensive power and offensive intentions. In this regard, Iran's foreign policy against ISIS has taken a security-oriented form, which has several features such as the active presence of military institutions in foreign policy and the emphasis on deterrence. At the same time, Iran's foreign policy toward ISIS faces challenges, including the internal problems and social divisions of the countries involved, the sabotage of regional actors, and the US strategy of creating proxy wars and coalitions against terrorism.

The issue of political system or government in Islam is one of the most fundamental and exciting issues in the Islamic world today and even in the non-Muslim world. Islam, when it comes to politics and government and is present in the scene of life, work and social struggle, is very interesting, exciting and epic for its believers, and vice versa, very dangerous and frightening for its enemies. The formation of a favorable political system in Islamic countries requires the study of the thought of influential leaders and thinkers in these countries, so the purpose of writing this article is to study the desirable political system in the thought of Imam Khamenei, the leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In explaining and analyzing scientific and academic texts, documents, speeches and statements presented in various meetings by Imam Khamenei with different segments of the people of Islamic Iran, the desired political system presented by him for Islamic countries has indicators that have three dimensions. There are "rulers and leaders", "officials and agents" and "people" who refer to this system as the provincial system.

Islamic awakening is one of the phenomena of recent decades that has occurred in Islamic countries and has caused many changes in Muslim societies. This great change has been influenced by strong and influential ideas. One of these influential ideas that caused many changes in the world; It is the thought and discourse of Imam Khomeini. With the leadership of an Islamic revolution and with the change of the oppressive government to the Islamic Republic, as well as the ten years of leadership of this fledgling republic, he was able to have many effects on the Islamic awakening in other parts of the world and among Muslims and even oppressed non-Muslims. In this article, Imam Khomeini's discourse was examined using Laclau and Moff's discourse theory and it was discussed how Imam criticized modernity and modern civilization, as well as highlighting Iranian Islamic civilization, emphasizing concepts such as independence, freedom and pure Muhammadan Islam; and also by marginalizing modern Western civilization, by criticizing modernity and Western instrumental rationality, and also by criticizing the concept of Western freedom, he has marginalized this civilization and is a model for Islamic and revolutionary awakening for other countries and nations, the oppressed depicted the world.

The present article intends to answer the important question of what is the theoretical basis of the Islamic Awakening from the perspective of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution and what is the new initiative and horizon that has been developed in the field? In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library-based information, while explaining the "Islamic Awakening", it tries to study this concept in the political thought of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution. The Islamic Revolution was the turning point of the Islamic Awakening, which entered a new phase in the world and the Islamic world. In this evolution, Imam Khomeini (RA) and the Supreme Leader (Mudzalah Al-Aali) with the leadership of the system based on Sharia and the progressive model of Velayat-e-Faqih, have played a special role in continuing this trend in the world. The Islamic Revolution has a high position during the Islamic Awakening. Because the mission of the Islamic Revolution has been to revive the Islamic identity, the Islamic awakening in the nation-states and the resurrection of the spirit of spirituality in all parts of the world is due to the Islamic Revolution and its leaders.

In terms of pre-Islamic history, women have been in great deprivation and have not had a proper social status; Because looking at women is a tool and a commodity, that is, a woman has been one of the commodities available to men to enjoy life more, but Islam, with its heavenly voice, created a great change in women. Question ; What is the position of women in the Islamic Revolution and its effect on the Islamic Awakening with a civilized approach? (The main question) The answer should be; There are three approaches to women. In the age of Islamic awakening, we see that women's view has changed from a passive approach and Western modernization to a civilization-based approach based on Islamic values. In the Islamic awakening, women have become Muslims. Therefore, the world has realized that Muslim women are not housewives and passive, and by welcoming the Islamic hijab, it has declared it as a symbol of opposition to governments, and has tried to declare that, first; Islamic dress is used as an expression of individual or religious existence. Secondly; Paying attention to the hijab is a response to the feminist movement and is the reason for converting to Islam.

Cyberspace is a socio-political and technological field with unique features that goes beyond the territorial and legal borders of countries and is mostly governed by the private sector, but developed countries with mechanisms such as cooperation with international organizations and other countries, They are trying to influence this space. This fact has led to the introduction of the most effective model of governance in the control of societies in order to maintain relative freedoms in spite of controls. The research method in this article has been done by selecting a purposeful sample and analyzing the collected information. Therefore, how the Saudi government deals with the opposition in cyberspace has been studied as a case study. The findings show that the current rule of cyberspace is dominated by global arrogance, and the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, through the power of censorship, filtering and control of cyberspace, has limited the possibility for revolutionaries and protesters to benefit from this platform. However, recognizing and organizing the opposition in this space, as the best communication platform in the contemporary world, can play an accelerating role in the process of Islamic awakening in the Arab world.

Imam Khomeini and Sayyid Qutb were among the contemporary thinkers of the Islamic world who theorized the emergence of the Islamic world from political and social turmoil. They were caught. Both thinkers of the Islamic world that the Imam with the principles of Shiite political jurisprudence and Sayyid Qutb based on Sunni political thought sought to provide a practical solution. The present article tries to study the thoughts and ideas of Imam Khomeini and Seyyed Qutb on the basics of political thought, the commonalities and differences of political thought of two contemporary Muslim thinkers in Iran and Egypt "Islamic world". jto Shari'a and the close link between religion and politics; However, the views and ideas of the Imam have led to the hegemony of political Islam and have had a revolutionary effect on movements; Meanwhile, the intellectual writings and commentary of Sayyid Qutb have led to extremist and extremist interpretations of "al-Qaeda and Sunni takfir." At the same time, Qutb sought to free itself from the cycle of tyranny and colonialism of contemporary "ignorance". The article has explained this issue using descriptive-analytical method.