مجله مراقبت پرستاری و مامایی ابن سینا
سال بیست و نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 78، بهار 1400)

Diabetes is a common and costly disease. Nursing care services, not only are effective in reducing costs but also improve the quality of life and the relationship between the patient and the nurse. The aim of this research was evalution of telephone nursing Follow-up effects on self-efficacy in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hamadan.

In this Clinical Trial study, 58 type 2 diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited in Hamadan diabetes center by simple sampling. Patients were divided into two groups using block randomization. Data were collected using demographic and disease information questionnaire and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES). Intervention in the experimental group was done by telephone nursing for 12 weeks in which phone calls were made during the first month (twice a week) and the second month (once a week). Phone nursing content included emphasis on diabetic diet, timely medication use, insulin injection, recreation and exercise, self care, stress management techniques, communication skills training, and more. The average duration of the call was 10-15 minutes on each call, and the time of phone call was agreed between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Patients were told that telephone nursing is free so patients could contact the researcher by phone or text if they had any questions. It should be noted that the patients in the control group received only the follow-up and routine care of the Hamadan diabetes center. Finally, the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 19 software.

Findings of the study showed that the mean of self-efficacy in both groups before intervention was not statistically significant (P=0.15). After training the intervention group, the mean self-efficacy at one and two months after treatment was significantly improved compared to the control group (P<0.001)

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that nurse telephone follow-up was effective in promoting self-efficacy in patients with diabetes.

 After being discharged, patients with heart failure, are exposed to the problems of disease management in the family and community, and follow-up interventions after discharging can play a significant supportive role in promoting a sense of worth in them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of post-discharge telephone follow-up on the inherent dignity of patients with heart failure.

 In this randomized clinical trial, 70 patients with heart failure referred to cardiac and cardiac care units of a hospital in an urban area of Iran were selected and assigned into two intervention and control groups using the block randomization with block size of 4. The intervention group was followed up by telephone for one month once a week with regard to drug use, symptoms, daily activities, and type of nutrition. The patientschr('39') inherent dignity was assessed using the Inherent Dignity Questionnaire (IDQ) before and after one month of the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 16.

 In this study, 70 patients with heart failure were compared in two groups of intervention and control with mean and standard age deviation of 65±10.68, and 67±13.31 years (P꞊0.46). Independent t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the groups in the mean score difference of intrinsic dignity (0.8±0.3 and 0.07±0.2, respectively), before and after the intervention (P<0.001).

 According to the results of the present study, which showed that post-discharge telephone follow-up improves the inherent dignity of patients, therefore, to maintain and promote the inherent dignity of patients with heart failure in the community, planned and systematic post-discharge follow-ups are recommended.

 Overweight and obesity are a significant challenge in pregnancy care. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of group counseling based on health belief model on nutritional behavior of overweight pregnant women referred to Kermanshah health centers.

 This clinical trial was performed in 2018 on 90 pregnant women in Kermanshah. Among the comprehensive health centers, 4 centers were randomly selected for intervention and 4 centers for the control group. Then 4 sessions of group counseling program prepared for the intervention groups were performed for one month. The content of the counseling included nutrition counseling and familiarity with the food pyramid and principles of proper nutrition, increasing sensitivity to obesity and its complications, understanding the severity of the obesity problem, understanding the obstacles and benefits of following a proper diet and increasing self-efficacy and ultimately achieving healthy eating behavior. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic and midwifery information, health belief model constructs, knowledge and nutritional behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Significance level was considered less than 0.05.

 The mean age of participants in the intervention group was 24.91(6.19) and in the control group was 27.53(5.60). After controlling the effect of pre-test scores on the constructs of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and nutritional behavior, the results showed a significant increase after the intervention, in the mean scores of the intervention group (P=0.001).

 The findings of this study showed the effectiveness of counseling based on the health belief model in promoting the nutritional behavior of pregnant women with high body mass index. Researchers in this study recommend counseling interventions based on this model. Therefore, the implementation of counseling intervention based on the structures of the health belief model can play an effective role in improving the nutritional behavior patterns of pregnant women.

 Neonatal respiratory distress is a life-threatening lung disorder, so it is important to examine the effect of different intervention and care methods on respiratory distress in premature infants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot reflex massage on the reduction of respiratory distress in premature infants in the intensive care unit.

In this study, in 2018, 100 premature infants were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups by clinical trial method. In the intervention group, reflexive foot massage was performed for three days and the control group received normal care. In both groups, a personal profile questionnaire and a respiratory distress index were completed before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16.

The results showed that in the intervention and control group, the difference between mean oxygen saturation (Spo2) and respiratory distress rate on the third day after the intervention was statistically significant and in infants who undergone interventional foot massage, the mean respiratory distress is lower than the control group and oxygen saturation is higher than the control group

Reflective foot massage is effective on physiological responses and reducing respiratory distress in premature infants. It seems that this easy, cheap and efficient intervention program can be considered in the executive instructions of health care and nurseschr('39') intervention and its education to mothers can be included in the countrychr('39')s educational programs.

Psychological health is recognized as an important source of adaptation to workplace problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the level of anxiety, happiness and mindfulness in nurses.

The research method was experimental with pre- and post-test design with control group. For this purpose, 60 nurses of Babol city, Iran, in 2019 were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (30) and control (30). Mindfulness, Attention, and Awareness Scale (MAAS), Happiness Libomirsky (SHS), and Spielberger (STAAI-X) were performed before and after treatment. Participants in the experimental group were trained in groups for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The mean of mindfulness and happiness for both groups increased in the post-test phase, which is higher in the experimental group; also, the results of analysis of covariance for anxiety showed that meditation has no significant effect on anxiety but has significantly increased happiness in the experimental group.

The results of the present study showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has increased awareness in the behavioral characteristics of the experimental group in the post-test stage. It seems that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has a positive effect on increasing happiness and mindfulness in nurses.

 Using yoga movements helps depressed women to become aware of and control their minds and emotions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of yoga therapy on early maladaptive schemas and emotional distress of depressed women in Tehran.

 This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all depressed women referring to Omid and Rah-e-Farda counseling centers in the first half of 2019 in Tehran, Iran. The sampling method was available sampling. The sample size was at least 10 based on the type of research that was considered in the experimental research for each group. The sample was 30 subjects who were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (15 people) and control (15 people). The research tools included the Yang Inconsistent Schema Questionnaires (2005) and Torontochr('39')s Emotional Disappointment (2005). To analyze the data, mean, standard deviation and covariance analysis were used using SPSS 23. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

 In the cut-off and exclusion variables in the pre-test of the intervention group, the mean and standard deviation were 2.85±21.03, in the control group 3.50±16.46, in the cut-off and exclusion variables in the post-test of the intervention group, the mean and standard deviation was 4.28±15.28, in the control group 3.28±15.28, in the variable of disturbed restrictions in the pre-test of the intervention group, the mean and standard deviation were 3.72±12.63, in the control group 30±17.80 3. In the disturbed constraint variable in the post-test of the intervention group, the mean and standard deviation were 4.43±17.76, in the control group was 3.76±17.90, and in the emotional malaise variable in the pre-test of the intervention group, the mean and standard deviation of 49.80.±37.67, in the control group 52.86±36.51, in the variable of disturbed constraints in the post-test of the intervention group, the mean and standard deviation of 13.06.±23.73, in the control group 33.37±76.3, was obtained. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of incompatible schemas, emotional inadequacy and psychological health of the experimental and control group in the post-test stage (P <0.01).

 Thus, yoga therapy is an effective treatment for maladaptive schemas, emotional distress, and of depressed women.

Considering the negative effects of depressive symptoms and anxiety on the course of schizophrenia, it seems that the combination of cognitive-behavioral group therapy with self-care skills can increase the effectiveness of this treatment in reducing the distress of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Therefore, a study was designed and conducted to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy group of self-care skills on the symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with chronic schizophrenia.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 30 women with chronic schizophrenia admitted to Hejazi Psychiatric Hospital in Mashhad. The intervention group (n = 15) underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy group of self-care skills during 10 sessions of one and a half hours and the control group (n = 15) received a routine care. The data collection tool was the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale which was completed in three stages. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t-test.

There was a significant decrease between the intervention and control groups in terms of changes in mean anxiety before and after the intervention (P<0.001) but in terms of changes in mean anxiety before and six months after the intervention and changes in mean depression during the stages there was no significant difference (P>0.05).

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy can be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms, but to increase the duration of its effect, the duration of sessions should be increased.

 The outbreak of Covid-19 virus is a global crisis and engagement of people in preventive behavior against COVID-19 has a key role to stop chains of transmission and adherence to preventive measures can be affected by psychosocial factors. This study aimed at assessing the relationship between the level of adherence to preventive behaviors and COVID-19 related anxiety in Iranian adults.

 In this cross-sectional correlational study, 1008 Iranian adults were selected by the convenience sampling method. The online questionnaire of Preventive Behavior against COVID-19 and the Corona Anxiety Scale was sent to research participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics and SPSS 24 at a significance level of 0.05.

 The average total score of engagement in preventive behavior was 19.47±2.35. Some behaviors such as keeping social distance, wearing masks in public places and staying at home was engaged less than other behaviors. The COVID-19 related anxiety was severe in 22.4% of subjects, moderate in 34.9% of subjects and low in 42.7% of subjects. There was a significant relationship between the preventive behaviors and COVID-19 related anxiety (r=0.203, P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the scores obtained from engagement in preventive behaviors and Anxiety Intensity with demographic variables (P<0.001).

 Being aware of the general state of preventive behavior of the general public and their experienced anxiety about the disease and identifying at-risk individuals, health policy makers can, shift disease control planning to a greater emphasis on less observed behaviors and positively induce disease anxiety and improve preventive behaviors.