نشریه روانشناسی معاصر
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

According to literature, nursing students face high-stress experience and high cognitive load due to heavy academic content and stressful clinical environment. So, the present study aimed to study the effect of emotion induction on anxiety, emotion regulation, cognitive load and learning performance based on studies and theories of cognitive load and academic emotions in nursing students. In a Pre-test - Post-test experimental design with a control group of 30 boys’ and girls’ students by random assignment were divided into experiment and control groups after gaining inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants of experiment group responded to the questionnaire before intervention with state anxiety questionnaire, emotion regulation, and learning performance test. After that, they took part in a 2 - hour training class with an unrelated topic of emotion regulation (initial concepts of choice theory) and again responded to the emotion regulation questionnaire. The film then found the thrill of emotion, so that after 10 minutes of the film they were asked to answer the anxiety questionnaire again and then watch the emotion Induction film. Finally, they watched the educational film about the kidney & urinary tract system, followed by the cognitive load questionnaire and the learning performance test. The control group received the same intervention process but did not just observe the emotion Induction film. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the experimental group participants had a significantly higher anxiety and total cognitive load, extraneous cognitive load, intrinsic cognitive load, and lower learning performance scores; but, the mean scores of germane load and emotion regulation between two groups did not show significant differences. Seemingly, in the learning process, negative emotion plays a crucial role in the way an extraneous and intrinsic cognitive load factor allocate the capacity of the memory to itself and prevents deep learning. Appropriate psychological interventions such as emotional regulation training to reduce negative emotion and increase desired cognitive load are recommended.

The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive emotion regulation strategies profile in students with high and low interpersonal sensitivity. The descriptive and survey method was used. The statistical population was all undergraduate students of the University of Isfahan in the academic year 2018-2019. According multistage cluster random sampling 314 students were selected as samples and they were asked to fill in the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the discriminant analysis and multiple correlation method. Findings showed that among 9 investigated strategies in two groups of students with high and low interpersonal sensitivity, the catastrophizing, other-blame, rumination, acceptance were significant (P<0.001). Also, the differences in re-focusing on planning, positive re-evaluation, self-blame, and positive re-focusing between two groups were significant (P<0.05). Considering the small amount of Wilks Lambda and the high amount of the Chi-square and significance level, the audit function has obtained a good diagnostic power for explaining the dependent variable. Based on all cognitive emotion regulation strategies (except putting into perspective), the profile of students with high and low interpersonal sensitivity can be separated.

Identifying factors which contribute to young adults’ temptation for substance use is a significant step toward prevention of this social harm. The current study aimed to examine the role of a set of personal and social factors and their interaction in shaping temptation for cigarette smoking and substance use among university students. Participants were 766 students at Shahid Beheshti University who responded to self-efficacy and time perspective measures, as well as questions concerning popularity among family and friends, temptation for smoking/substance use, and social pressure. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of temptation for substance use and smoking. In the first step, demographic variables, in the second step, self-efficacy, time perspective, social popularity, and social pressure, and in the third step the interaction of social pressure with the other predictors were entered. Religiosity, present hedonism, popularity among family, and social pressure predicted temptation for smoking cigarettes. Further, substance temptation was determined by parents’ marital status, religiosity, self-efficacy, social pressure, and the interaction of social pressure with either of the variables gender, perceived morality, self-efficacy, futurism, and present fatalism. As revealed by interactive effects, the effect of social pressure was stronger for men and individuals lower in either self-efficacy, perceived morality, futurism, or present fatalism. Despite the noticeable role of social pressure in shaping temptation for substance use, this effect was moderated by self-efficacy, perceived morality, and time perspective. Therefore, designing interventions targeting these moderators can reduce the harm caused by social pressure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback intervention on quality of life, anxiety and stress symptoms in patients with migraines. The research method is descriptive semi-experimental. The statistical population in this study includes all patients with migraines who had referred to psychological clinics in Tehran in 1397-98. The random sampling method was multi-stage. Among the different clinics in Tehran province, one clinic was selected from each region (north, south, east and west) and 10 patients were randomly selected from each clinic. Participants were assessed with quality of life tests and signs of stress and anxiety (pre-test), and participants whose scores were below a standard deviation were randomly selected and randomly divided into two experimental control groups. After 20 sessions of neurofeedback implementation for the experimental group, both experimental and control groups (a group for which neurofeedback therapy was not performed) were tested by quality of life tests and Beckchr('39')s stress and anxiety symptoms (posttest)) were re-evaluated. In order to describe the data, descriptive statistics were used and in order to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment approach, mixed analogy method was used. The results showed that neurofeedback consistently affected the components of role disorder due to physical health, energy / fatigue, emotional well-being, role disorder due to emotional health, pain and general health of quality of life in patients with migraine. Neurofeedback consistently reduces the symptoms of stress and anxiety in patients with migraines.

The aim of this study was to promote working memory and processing speed in adolescents surviving acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a history of chemotherapy, utilizing a cognitive behavior therapy (MAAT). The study population of this research included 60 adolescents survived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chemotherapy history attending Imam Reza outpatient oncology clinic. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention group (experimental group) and waiting list (control group) (n=30 per group). The subjects in the experimental group were provided with 2 months Memory and Attention Adaptation Training. The data was obtained using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-4) in the three stages of pretest, post-test, and follow-up (2 months after post-test). Data analysis was performed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) by SPSS software. Results showed significant improvements in the scores of working memory and processing speed in the intervention group (P<0.01). Therefore, it can be said that attention and memory matching training based on cognitive-behavioral approach can be effective on working memory and processing speed of children left with cancer with a history of chemotherapy.

It is valuable and important to study the dark and undesirable dimensions of personality and determine the variables that affect it. The aim of this study was to develop a dark triple causal model of personality based on wisdom and character mediated by positive and negative emotions. In a correlation design based on modeling, 532 male and female students of Tehran Azad University were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method after meeting the entry and exit criteria. The participants responded to the dark three scales of personality, the temperament scale, the positive and negative emotion scale, and the micro scale. The results of path analysis showed that direct coefficients of negative emotion with dark triangles of positive and significant personality and coefficients of nature, character and wisdom also have positive and significant structural effects on emotion. The indirect coefficients of the two variables of nature, character and wisdom on the dark triad of personality are negative and significant. The structural effect of the whole of nature and character and wisdom on the dark trinity of personality is negative and significant. It seems that the three dimensions of personality due to their close relationship with emotion, temperament and nature in a negative direction, can be studied and included in the approaches of therapeutic attention, because the dark dimensions of personality play an effective role in reducing psychological health and approaches. They will have a positive relationship with people and will have destructive psychological effects.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between locus of control and Psychopathological symptoms with superstitious beliefs. The Research Project was descriptive correlational. The statistical population consisted of all female members in Tehranchr('39')s neighborhood centers. In a clustered and accessible sampling method, 220 individuals were selected. The Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scale (Levenson, 1981), Check List-90-Revised Scale (Derogatis, Rickels & Rock, 1976) and The Measurement of Attitudes Related toThe Superstitious Beliefs (Acar, 2014) were used. Data were analyzed in descriptive and inferential statistics.  Findings indicate that superstitious beliefs has no significant relation with the subscale of internality locus of control. There is a significant direct relationship between the superstitious beliefs and external locus of control with the subscales related to the chances of being affiliated with the powerful others. Also, the subscale of being dependent on chance alone can explain 3% of the variance in superstitious beliefs positively. There is a direct and significant relationship between superstitious beliefs and all dimensions of morbidity symptoms, which explain 15% of the variance in superstitious beliefs. Also, depression symptoms alone can explain 3% of the variance in superstitious beliefs positively

Cancer is one of chronic diseases. People with cancer need permanent treatment and care and this causes the patient and their families to be in difficult situation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the increase of hope and anger management of mothers with children with cancer through life skills training (interpersonal relationship, problem solving, and anger control).  This research was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of this study was all mothers with children with cancer in MAHAK who were treated in the second half of 1396 and the first half of 1397 (by the end of April) with cancer patients. A total of 36 people who received the lowest score in Schneider Hope Scale (1991) and Spielberger State - Trait Anger Expression Inventory (1999) were voluntarily assigned to the sample group and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. life skills (interpersonal relationships, problem solving, anger control) training was taught in 7 sessions of 90 minutes and weekly to the experimental group. After the training, both experimental and control groups were subjected to post-test. The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that interpersonal relationships, problem solving and anger control skills training is effective in increasing hope and anger management of mothers with children with cancer. Overall, the finding of this research showed as an effective method that learning of above life skills is effective on anger reduce and increase of hope.