مجله ارتقای ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت ها
سال هشتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and one of the deadliest diseases. Since the most important part of recovery from disabling side effects of surgery and treatment of breast cancer is the correction of a local deviations and imbalances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a selected course of exercises on BOth Sides Up (BOSU) on strength, postural balance, range of motion and pain in women with breast cancer following chemotherapy.

In a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group individuals of 16 females aged 40-50 years with breast cancer. The subjects were selected as available samples and then randomly divided into an intervention group (8) and control group (8). Before and after 4 weeks of selected exercise, 60 minutes and 3 sessions per week were assessed on improving strength with Dynamometer, Postural balance by getting up and down, range of motion with a goniometer, and pain with the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

The results of the t-sample of the pair have a significant difference in improving strength factors (p: 0.001), postural balance (p: 0.72), range of motion in flexion (p: 0.54), and in abduction (p: 0.02) and pain (p: 0.15) in the pre- and a post-test group of the intervention group and the results of independent t-analysis showed a significant difference in the improvement of strength factors (p:0.001), postural balance (p:0.001), range of motion in flexion (p:0.001), in abduction (p: 0.18) and pain (p:0.001) in the intervention group were quite significant (p = 0.005).

Selected exercises on BOSU ball appear to improve strength factors, postural balance, range of motion, and pain in women with breast cancer. Experts advise performing the exercises could improve the mentioned factors and for alleviating the discomfort of the patients.

Fire and explosion are the most important and common consequences of released chemicals. In present study the consequences of jet fire and explosion in a Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) tank was investigated.

In this applied study, fire and explosion from 16 material releasing scenarios were investigated using PHAST.7.11 software. The tank’s temperature, pressure, volumes and shape were 70OC, 9bar, 3600m3 and spherical respectively. The meteorological data were categorized based on Pasquil method. The mortality rate and danger radius for each scenario were calculated and analyzed.

The smallest (11m) and the largest (79m) radius effected by the explosion pressure wave belongs to 50mm slot release and the complete rupture respectively. The highest pressure wave (1bar) is produced from a complete rupture extending from 0-80m from the gas cloud center that cause the 10.27 and 2.57% mortality rate of day and night working shifts respectively. The largest and the smallest areas covered by the jet fire are 1861 and 185m2 respectively and the largest and the smallest radius covered by radiation heat from this fire are 59.4 and 20.4m respectively.

Any possible leakage from the tanks will have catastrophic consequences, indicating a very high and unacceptable level of risk. As a result, considering the levels of damage caused by the explosion wave, the necessary measures for the prevention of these consequences are imperative.

Prehospital care is the first and most important part of dealing with trauma patients that play an essential role in reducing mortality and improving these outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the emergency medical technicians' performance in securing delivery patients, including nervous system trauma in the city of Iranshahr during 2016-2017.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2016-2017. A total of 139 prehospital emergency personnel in the Iranshahr participated in this study. Data collected through checking the mission sheet, interview with staff, observing and examining the patient's treatment procedures for the patient transferred to the emergency room. The data collection tools were researcher-made and included a demographic questionnaire and a checklist of staff performance evaluation, which use after psychometrics. Data analysis performed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods.

The study results showed the average performance score was 17.32 ± 3.3. The highest mean score of performance in the field of interventions related to determining the type of trauma, assessment of first vital signs and level of consciousness 0.99 ± 0.10, and the lowest mean score of performance about interventions related to airway openness and cardiac arrest were 0.42 ± 0.19.

According to this study results, prehospital emergency personnel had low-performance levels in some care areas for nervous system trauma patients. As a result, holding continuous training and clinical courses can significantly reduce the weaknesses in prehospital care provided for trauma patients and improve clinical outcomes.

Previous studies have acknowledged the impact of risk perception on safety behavior though most of them are controversial. This study aims to clarify this conflict and the mechanism through which risk perception can have an impact on safety behavior.

The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was 800 employees of Hamadan Fire and Safety Services Organization. The sample size was 261 people based on Morgan table using simple random sampling method. The research data, through four standard questionnaires of risk perception, safety behavior, safety motivation, and safety climate, were collected, and the proposed model was analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The results of this study showed: Perception of risk has a significant effect on the safety motivation of firefighters in Hamadan (0.66). Safety motivation had a considerable effect on safety compliance (0.64) and safety participation (0.42) of firefighters in the Hamadan. Safety motivation plays a mediating role in influencing risk perception on safety compliance (0.61) and safety participation (0.37) of firefighters in Hamadan. The safety atmosphere of the supervisor (0.66) and the safety atmosphere of the colleagues (0.58) moderate the relationship between risk perception and safety motivation.

In general, from the obtained results, it can be understood that risk perception and safety climate are the factors that affect safety motivation, safety participation, and safety compliance. Accordingly, it is suggested that the perception of risk and safety atmosphere be given more attention.

Road accidents and their consequences are a vital issue internationally, in the developed and developing countries. The objective of this article was to investigate the causality relationship between the development of road transport and accidents in Iran during 1996-1998.

First, the research method and statistical data used were examined, and then the generalized Dickey-Fuller unit root test was used to evaluate the durability of the variables. Then, to determine the long-run relationship between the variables, the co-integration test was used. Granger causality test was also used to determine the short-term relationship between variables. In the last step, we calculate the residuals from the accumulated co-regression and obtain the short-term parameters by estimating the ECM.

The results of the Granger causality test in the framework of VAR and VEC show that in the short and long term there is a relationship between value-added growth of road transport, growth of cargo, and passenger growth with the growth of accidents. This relationship was one-way. The causal relationship between the value-added growth of the road transport sector, the growth of cargo transportation and passenger growth to the growth of accidents in this sector is significant at the level of 5%. This means that the growth of value-added in the road transport sector, the growth of cargo, and the growth of passenger transport cause the growth of accidents in the country's road transport sector.

The results indicated that there is a long-term relationship between value-added growth of road transport sector, growth of cargo and passenger growth with the growth of accidents in the country. The effect of value-added of road transport sector, growth of cargo and passenger growth on the growth of accidents is positive. The results of the Granger causality test in the short term indicated the existence of a one-way causal relationship between the value-added of the road transport sector, cargo, and passenger. And, they correlated with the increase in accidents in this sector. However, a two-way causal relationship between these variables was not observed. The results of the error correction model confirm the results of the Granger causality test.

This study presents a pattern for planning and evacuation and emergency sheltering management based on the risk of disasters and human and physical vulnerability, and thus it can be used for taking necessary actions in urban settlements and improve preparedness for dealing with disasters. In addition, the most important use of this study is in disaster situations such as earthquakes or floods where there is not enough time to plan and therefore this research would be very practical.

To accomplish this research, weak points of previous research about emergency sheltering was investigated and defined at first in order to specify the difference and novelty of the present work. Then, an AHP questionnaire was designed in order to determine the weight and importance of effective parameters which are efficient in the identification of proper places, and was distributed among experts. A model was prepared from the results with different parameters and concerning the rate and importance of each parameter. A conceptual/ mathematical pattern was established for various native and climate conditions.

This research showed that lack of proximity of the emergency shelters to the dangerous places, assurance of the neighborhood health issues (with 0/0072), and probable fire occurrence in that location (with 0/0063), are the most effective factors in selecting an appropriate location for emergency shelters which has been derived from the results of this hierarchical analysis. Also, choosing these factors from various aspects shows the high importance of the parameters and their effects in assessing the selected emergency shelters, which has not been considered comprehensively in other studies and research so far. In addition, the speed in choosing the most appropriate location in the shortest time from the existing alternatives and identifying the weaknesses of the locations is one of the most important outcomes of this research.

The model obtained in the Tehran Pars area was implemented as a case study and according to it, the parks of the Shohadaye Tehran Pars, Aralia, and Mehrnami were identified as the most suitable places for sheltering in disaster situations. The results of this model showed that the West of Tehranpars will face a shortage of space in the occurrence of future disasters.