مجله تعالی بالینی
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1400)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic incurable autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with unknown pathophysiology. Clinical manifestations of this disease are numerous and include sensory and motor defects, mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. The more this disease affects their daily lives and abilities, the more they are exposed to suicidal thoughts. Suicidal ideation refers to the existence of conflicting thoughts about the tendency to end onechr('39')s life behavior. This study is a regular review study with the aim of investigating the factors related to suicidal ideation in people with MS. For this purpose, the international databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and three domestic databases, including the scientific database of Jihad Daneshgahi, the database of Iranian journals and Iranmedex with the keywords Multiple Sclerosis, Suicidal Ideation, Depression ,Thoughts of death and neurological disease, are examined. It can be concluded that by examining the factors related to suicidal ideation, especially depression and correcting or modifying them, the prevalence of suicidal ideation and consequently suicide attempt in these patients can be reduced.

Caries is one of the most common infectious diseases in childhood, the treatment of which in children varies according to the extent of the lesion and the childchr('39')s behavior. Among the various treatments, the use of prefabricated metal crowns or (SSC) is extending rapidly. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the applications of these crowns and their advantages and disadvantages. The data used in this review was extracted from articles searched in web pages such as Scopus, PubMed and google scholar. After reviewing the abstracts, the full text of the articles related to the topic was reviewed. Due to the high prevalence of caries in deciduous teeth and the prevention of complications due to premature loss of deciduous teeth, nowadays the use of stainless steel crowns that have high durability and longevity is very widespread. Most clinical articles have recommended the use of these crowns due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

Eating disorders are one of the most challenging disorders to treat, especially in patients who suffer from these disorders for a long time. Despite experimental supportive therapies for anorexia, symptom improvement occurs in only less than 50% of patients seeking treatment. There is also no empirically supported treatment for anorexia nervosa. Acceptance and commitment therapy, which is part of cognitive-behavioral therapies, emphasizes accepting these experiences and changing one’s behaviors instead of changing one’s inner experiences. The basic premise of this treatment is that these painful internal experiences are unchangeable, but the patient’s response to these experiences can be changed by creating psychological flexibility. The purpose of this study is to review the studies that examined the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in eating disorders or obesity in Iran. These studies were selected by searching sites (SID and Iran Medex).

Case reports are valuable sources in medical studies and they play an equally important role in scientific progress. The case report goes a long way from 1600 BC to the present day. Facing new clinical cases by physicians and other researchers and reporting it as a clinical case report article can be a prelude to further studies. Unfamiliarity with the basic principles of writing case reports has reduced the willingness to write and publish these articles, especially by young researchers. Understanding this historical course and the correct way of writing a case report, in addition to its scientific value, can be a great educational experience, especially for medical students and young physicians. The purpose of this article is to provide a standard guide for writing and publishing case report articles.

Covid-19 pandemic led to quite a lot of changes in the people’s life style and governments’ policies during 2020. Education aspect was not an exception; due to the need to social distancing and breaking the chain of transmission, E-learning became more common. The present study aimed at determining the opinion of education users about E-learning during Covid-19 outbreak. To accomplish this review study, all the papers (both in Persian and English) related to E-learning in Covid-19 pandemic from January to December 2020 were searched using the following keywords (both in Persian and English): covid-19, electronic education, E-learning, distance learning, modern education, student, and university. The search was done in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar and Science Direct. In this study, 200 relevant papers were found. After omitting the repeated cases, the eligible papers were extracted and analyzed. The findings of this study revealed that education users were not satisfied with E-learning due to many obstacles and preferred conventional classrooms. However, most of the studies highlighted the use of virtual education and acknowledged it as an appropriate method of education in these days. Lack of adequate infrastructures and educational equipment led to challenges for learners and teachers. Therefore, it is recommended to eliminate these shortcomings so that this type of education can be even used after controlling Covid-19. All in all, new ways of education (distance learning and virtual teaching) have had great contributions in achieving the educational goals.