فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (تابستان 1399)

The present research intends to take this issue into the question that rural women have what perception of their empowerment. The research method is qualitative approach using grounded theory. The study population consists of rural women resident in 11 villages in the suburb of Ilam which is based on purposive sampling 30 of them were interviewed semi-structured. The strategy of data analysis is based on three-steps open coding axial and selective, which its product was drawn in a paradigmatic model. Accordingly, 35 concepts and 11 categories were obtained. Which basic theory in derived model is Hegemonic Discourse of Gender. According to this theory, studied rural women are encountered with obstacles such as closed economic system, lack of institutional support, lack of access to these centers and cultural barriers to their ability.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of symbolic capital on workers' lifestyles. The research is in terms of cross-sectional research and survey research. The statistical population of this study is all workers working in the bus service of Tehran Municipality in 1396, numbering 7350 people, of which the Cochrane sample of this community is 366 people. The tool for measuring variables was a questionnaire. Bourdieu's theories of capital and lifestyle have been used for the theoretical framework. Simultaneous regression, independent t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze descriptive statistics. The findings of this study show that the effect of symbolic capital on workers' lifestyle is significant and its intensity is relatively strong. Dimensions of symbolic capital except positive symbolic capital have a positive effect on workers' lifestyle. The symbolic variable of economic capital 65 and the variable of cultural symbolic capital explain 9% of the changes in the variable of lifestyle. The average score of symbolic capital is higher among women than men. The analysis of the average scores of workers' lifestyle and gender is not significant. The symbolic cultural and economic capital dimension of workers is significantly different from their education, but their symbolic social capital dimension is not significantly different from different levels of education.

Tourism industry has different effects on the destination. These effects can be social, economic, cultural and environmental. Based on a sustainable development model, these effects should reflect the quality of life of the host community and improve the quality of life of the tourist destination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tourism industry on improving the quality of life of host society in Sarein city. This research is a descriptive-survey research based on a questionnaire. The statistical population is the residents of Sarein city. The sample size is 360 people based on the Cochran formula, which is selected by available sampling method. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed by using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS and SMARTPLS software. The results of the research showed that from the viewpoint of the host society, the economic effects of tourism with a 0.427 coefficient have a positive and significant positive effect on social well-being on the material well-being and social-cultural effects of tourism with a coefficient of 0.321. Also, the variables of economic effects, material well-being and social welfare with a coefficient of 0.175, 0.345 and 0.385 have a positive and significant effect on quality of life, but socio-cultural effects on the quality of life of the host society have no significant effect. Finally, the results of the study showed that, in total, independent variables, 55.8% of the changes in the dependent variable (quality of life) are explained.

Nowadays, the importance of oil and the considerable wealth of its sale is no secret to anyone, since the wealth had always social, economic, cultural and political consequences in the process of moving toward development (in all its dimensions) in the exporting countries of this God-given source, so-called rentier states. This important issue, in turn, doubles the necessity of investigating the implications of the process and its impact on the process of moving toward development dimensions, given the socio-political conditions associated with the states in these countries. Iran’s economy has relied on oil wealth for many years, and that oil economy has always had some functions in the country’s development path. Thus, this study attempts to investigate the threats of rentierism and political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran by a Delphi method. According to the results, the major threats of rentierism in the political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be a lack of seriousness in collecting taxation from the people versus a lack of the state accountability to the nation, concentration of the major revenue sources in the hands of the state, and nonexistence of independent social groups, independence of the state from society, widespread intervention of foreign countries, a decline in national security and a lack of engagement with the global economy.

Reza Khan's rise to power in the Iranian political climate had many aspects. He was the son of a tumultuous time after the constitution. One of the most influential groups that had a key role to bring him to power was intellectuals of the late years of Qajar. The failure of the constitutional movement to establish a modern, centralized, and legitimate government and the involvement of Russian and British powers in Iran's internal affairs, along with international developments and the outbreak of World War I and the occupation of Iran, prompted intellectuals to seek a "superman" that could bring about the unity of the country by employing "force" and establishing a stable government to put Iran in the gates of the modern world. Here the intellectuals of this period had a significant difference, despite many similarities. The first generation of Iranian intellectuals saw their modern-day identity in the "law-making" that the result was the constitution revolution. However, the second-generation intellectuals saw their identity in the "Enlightened despotism," the result of which was the rise of Reza Khan and, ultimately, his kingdom. This paper applied the theoretical foundations of cognitive sociology (the interrelationship between thought and the structure of society). In a descriptive-analytical way, it examines the evolution of intellectualism, considering the law-abiding nature of first-generation and opinions of some of the most important second-generation intellectuals.

A main factor affecting social and cultural developments in the contemporary era is “generation gap”, which is itself a result of social changes. This study was done to investigate the effect of normative pressure on the level of adjustment between youth and their parents with an emphasis on the generation gap. This is a survey research, using a questionnaire for collecting data. The statistical population includes all 18-30 years old Ahvazi youth, out of whom 400 people were selected as the sample size using Lin table. The sampling method was multi-stage random sampling. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The results showed there was a significant relationship among the level of normative pressure, using mass media, age and education with the adjustment of the youth with their parent with an emphasis on generation gap. However, there was no significant relationship between employment status and youth gender with the dependent variable. Step-wise regression analysis showed that the variable of normative pressure and the youth’ use of mass media were the most influential factors on the level of generation gap and inconsistency between youth and their parents, respectively

The present study deals with the qualitative study of young people's tendency toward emerging spirituality and their narrative as a sacred thing. The main question of this study is that how does it affect the spirituality of the new religions of religiosity, and how do they differ in their religiosity before and after encountering the emerging spiritualities? The statistical population of this research is the city of Isfahan. The research sample was selected using the narratives reproduced by 21 converts to the newly created spiritualities. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis method. The target group of the study was between the ages of 22 and 34. The result of this research shows that some of the forms of religious evolution of the individuals studied in the face of the emerging spirituality can be summarized as follows: the relative degradation of the system of beliefs, the reduction of guilty feelings, relativistic and conceptual beliefs rather than dogmatic beliefs, emphasis on love and presence Instead of emphasizing God's wrath and power, moving from the sacramental religious ethics to a tendency towards transcendental ethics, overcoming the moral endeavor of rhetorical endeavors, the imitation of mythology to individualistic faith - the affection, the increase of tolerance and tolerance in the face of other tendencies Belief.

The relationship between drug abuse and crime is not very clear. But the variety of relationships between these two variables depends on the particular composite of drug and kinds of crimes, as well. Many believe that drug abuse is the cause of crimes. The perception of this belief is that crime reduction can be carried out through access reduction to drug. Of course, It is not clear that there is a relationship between these two (drug and crime). This research addresses the relationship between drug and crime using descriptive-analytical method. Although a lot of studies show a relationship between drug and crime, other studies consider no relationship in this regard. Moreover, there are few studies on realizing these different findings. There is a possibility that drug and crime have interrelationship under certain conditions and there might not exist any relationship outside these conditions. Drug abuse and crime might have interrelationship in different ways. Therefore; there are various causative models pertaining the relationship between drug abuse and crime which this article will address.